India’s Nuclear Surge: ROSATOM Offers Full-Spectrum Reactor Deal — From Gigawatts, Minerals To SMRs

Russia’s state-owned nuclear energy major ROSATOM has announced a significant expansion of India-Russia nuclear cooperation during the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi, MoneyControl reported.

The initiative includes advanced large-capacity nuclear reactors, small modular reactors, collaboration in critical minerals, and localisation of high-end manufacturing technologies.

This marks a deepening of the strategic relationship between the two countries, placing nuclear energy and India’s energy security at the centre of future industrial cooperation.

The announcement followed Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin on 11 September in New Delhi.

The leaders reviewed bilateral cooperation in energy, discussed expanding industrial collaboration, and reiterated the ambitious target of achieving ₹8,33,000 crores in bilateral trade by 2030. This underscores the growing importance of India-Russia economic and energy security cooperation.

Kirill Komarov, First Deputy Director General for Corporate Development and International Business at ROSATOM, highlighted India’s ambitious goal of increasing installed nuclear capacity to 100 GW by 2047.

Russia eyes Indian specialists for overseas nuclear projects

“There are plans to involve our Indian partners in implementing our projects in third countries,” Rosatom CEO told Sputnik. pic.twitter.com/Dd69pBNBSI

— Sputnik India (@Sputnik_India) September 12, 2026

He emphasised that ROSATOM is already contributing to India’s nuclear program as the only foreign company constructing a nuclear power plant in the country. He confirmed ROSATOM’s readiness to provide India with a broad portfolio of modern nuclear technologies, ranging from large-capacity nuclear power units to advanced small modular reactors.

This reflects Russia’s intention to strengthen the nuclear partnership beyond existing projects while supporting India’s energy security through diversified nuclear energy solutions.

ROSATOM is currently constructing the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in Tamil Nadu. Two reactors are already operational, while four additional units are under various stages of implementation. 

Kudankulam Units 1 and 2, based on Russian VVER-1000 reactor technology, were connected to India’s national power grid in 2013 and 2016, respectively. These units have become a vital pillar of India’s nuclear energy generation.

According to ROSATOM, the two operational units had generated more than 132 billion kWh of electricity since entering commercial operation as of April 2026. Units 3, 4, 5 and 6, also based on VVER-1000 technology, represent the second and third phases of the Kudankulam project, further consolidating India-Russia cooperation in nuclear energy and India’s long-term energy security.

Beyond nuclear reactors and SMRs, ROSATOM is seeking to expand cooperation in critical minerals and advanced industrial materials. Its metallurgy businesses have identified titanium, zirconium, hafnium and calcium as important areas for collaboration.

ROSATOM MetalTech is exploring cooperation in rare-earth magnets, consolidated demand for rare-earth products, and investments in new production capacities within India. A milestone has already been achieved through ROSATOM’s Giredmet Institute and Indian company Alt Metals, which signed a contract to develop a pilot titanium sponge production facility.

This project combines Russian technological expertise with Indian industrial capabilities in strategic materials essential for advanced manufacturing and energy security.

ROSATOM is also advancing localisation of sophisticated manufacturing technologies under the broader Make in India initiative. Its additive technologies business is working with Indian partners to establish a complete ecosystem involving technology transfer, turnkey additive technology centres and localisation of advanced equipment manufacturing. This creates new opportunities for India-Russia industrial cooperation.

The company announced that local production of Russian-developed 3D scanners began in India this year, reducing equipment costs for Indian customers by 40 per cent. These locally manufactured products could qualify for local product status under the Make in India initiative, reinforcing India’s manufacturing ecosystem while expanding access to advanced Russian technology.

With nuclear energy, SMRs, VVER reactors, critical minerals, rare-earth materials and additive manufacturing forming the core of the new engagement, the India-Russia partnership emerging from BRICS 2026 signals a broader effort to transform longstanding strategic cooperation into deeper technological and industrial collaboration. India’s energy security and nuclear future remain central to this shared vision.

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PM Modi's 3-Day BRICS Diplomacy: 15 Bilaterals Span Russia, China, Iran and Africa

Prime Minister Narendra Modi concluded an intensive three-day diplomatic marathon on the sidelines of the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi, holding 15 sit-down bilateral meetings with Heads of State and Heads of Government.

The engagements, which ran alongside the summit's multilateral agenda, extended India's diplomatic reach from Russia and China to Iran, Africa, Southeast Asia and the Gulf, while reinforcing New Delhi's chairship priorities of resilience, innovation, cooperation and sustainability.

A Packed Diplomatic Calendar

The bilateral meetings were in addition to pull-aside interactions with various world leaders and heads of international institutions, giving a broad sweep to India's diplomatic engagement during its BRICS chairship. Among the most significant were PM Modi's meetings with Russian President Vladimir Putin, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, with discussions covering bilateral ties, regional conflicts, multilateral cooperation, border peace, maritime security and the priorities of the Global South.

On Sunday, PM Modi also chaired the BRICS session on "Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability: Shaping the Future for Inclusive Global Growth", where he outlined key initiatives under India's four priority pillars.

He said the grouping had placed emphasis on strengthening resilience amid growing conflicts, pandemics, climate disasters and supply-chain disruptions. He highlighted the BRICS Integrated Early Warning System for infectious diseases, Early Warning Data Integration Guidelines for disaster management and the BRICS Logistics Supply Chain Cooperation Framework.

Under innovation, he highlighted the BRICS Incubator Network, the proposed BRICS Start-Up Innovation Fund and the BRICS Network on Digital Agriculture, which will connect AI, geospatial technology and Digital Public Infrastructure with the needs of farmers.

The Prime Minister also said India had sought to ensure that BRICS cooperation remained inclusive and involved entrepreneurs, farmers, researchers, women, youth and ordinary citizens. "From my personal experience, I can say that the Global South countries' confidence in BRICS has grown, because within BRICS: Their voices are heard. Their experiences are respected. And solutions are developed not for them, but together with them," he said.

The Prime Minister said that the strength of BRICS lay in its diversity and cooperation and stressed that solutions developed within the grouping should be adaptable and accessible to the wider Global South.

Russia: Strategic Partnership Amid Geopolitical Uncertainties

PM Modi met Russian President Vladimir Putin on September 11 on the margins of the BRICS Summit. It was their second meeting this year, following their meeting on the sidelines of the 26th SCO Summit in Bishkek on August 31.

The two leaders reviewed bilateral cooperation across political, economic, defence, energy, space, skill mobility and people-to-people domains. They also welcomed Russia's International Industrial Exhibition "INNOPROM India", held in India from September 9-11.

The leaders discussed India-Russia engagement in the multilateral sphere, particularly BRICS under India's 2026 chairship, besides exchanging views on regional and global issues, including the conflicts in West Asia and the Black Sea region that have affected maritime trade and the safety and security of Indian seafarers. PM Modi reiterated that dialogue and diplomacy were the way forward in resolving conflicts and said India stood ready to assist in peace efforts.

The two leaders agreed to remain engaged to further strengthen the Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership between India and Russia, which the MEA said continues to register significant growth and has shown resilience amid geopolitical uncertainties. Putin invited PM Modi to visit Russia for the 24th India-Russia Annual Summit, which the Prime Minister accepted.

China: Steady Progress and Border Tranquillity

On September 12, PM Modi met Chinese President Xi Jinping on the sidelines of the BRICS Summit. The two leaders welcomed the steady progress in India-China bilateral relations since their last meeting in Tianjin in August 2025 and reaffirmed that both countries should take a strategic and long-term perspective of their ties. The two sides agreed that differences should not become disputes, while Modi highlighted the importance of three mutuals — mutual respect, mutual sensitivity and mutual interest.

PM Modi also stressed that peace and tranquillity in the border areas remained an essential basis for the continued development of bilateral relations and underlined the need for both sides to observe existing agreements and understandings on border-related issues. The two leaders expressed commitment to a fair, reasonable and mutually acceptable resolution of the boundary question, proceeding from the political perspective of their overall bilateral relations and the long-term interests of the two peoples.

They also discussed people-to-people ties, cultural exchanges, business linkages and greater mobility, besides economic and trade issues, including structural trade imbalance, supply-chain issues and meaningful and predictable market access. The leaders agreed to continue expanding common ground on regional and global issues.

Iran: High-Level Participation Despite Challenges

PM Modi met Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian on September 11 on the sidelines of the BRICS Summit. It was their second meeting in under two weeks, after they met on the sidelines of the SCO Summit in Bishkek. The two leaders discussed various aspects of bilateral relations, with PM Modi thanking Iran for its regular, high-level participation in BRICS-related meetings despite the challenging circumstances.

They also exchanged views on recent developments in West Asia, with Modi reiterating India's consistent position that all issues must be resolved through dialogue and diplomacy. The Prime Minister underscored the need for continued efforts to ensure lasting peace and stability in the region, safeguarding freedom of navigation and commerce and the safety and well-being of seafarers.

Africa And The Global South: Strategic Partnerships

On Sunday, PM Modi met Burundi President and African Union Chairperson Évariste Ndayishimiye. The two leaders stressed that the India-African Union partnership is a key pillar of cooperation within the Global South and discussed the early convening of the 4th India-Africa Forum Summit.

With South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, PM Modi reviewed the progress in diverse areas of cooperation and exchanged views on the multifaceted strategic partnership. In the context of the successful translocation of cheetahs from South Africa to India, Modi invited South Africa to consider joining the International Big Cat Alliance.

With Nigerian Vice President Kashim Shettima Mustapha, PM Modi reviewed the multifaceted India-Nigeria relationship, with discussions focusing on trade and investment, defence and security, energy, agriculture, health and digital technologies. Both sides reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening the India-Nigeria Strategic Partnership.

PM Modi also met Ugandan Vice President Jessica Rose Epel Alupo and reviewed bilateral ties, with emphasis on technology partnerships, capacity building, knowledge sharing, investment facilitation and private-sector collaboration. PM Modi reaffirmed India's support to Uganda's 'Vision 2040'.

Southeast Asia, Central Asia And The Middle East

With Philippines President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., PM Modi discussed further cooperation in defence and security, trade and investment, space, railway infrastructure, fintech, education, tourism, science and technology, innovation and people-to-people ties.

PM Modi also met Kazakhstan President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev and reviewed cooperation in political, trade, defence and security, connectivity, energy, critical minerals, emerging technologies, creative economy and people-to-people ties.

With Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, PM Modi reviewed the strong momentum in the India-Egypt Strategic Partnership and discussed trade and investment, defence and security, technology, connectivity and people-to-people exchanges. The two leaders also exchanged views on regional and global developments and stressed continued cooperation through BRICS to advance the priorities of the Global South.

On September 12, PM Modi met UAE Crown Prince Sheikh Khaled bin Mohamed and reiterated the significance of the India-UAE Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, built on political, cultural, commercial, energy and people-to-people ties. The leaders also discussed cooperation in strategic and emerging areas, including defence, space, nuclear energy, technology and innovation. They noted the announcement by the UAE's International Holding Company of an investment of $11.5 billion (approximately ₹96,600 crore) in an integrated greenfield aluminium project in Odisha.

PM Modi also met Vietnamese Prime Minister Le Minh Hung and welcomed Vietnam's participation in the BRICS Summit as a Partner Country. The two leaders reviewed bilateral ties and exchanged views on regional and global issues of mutual importance. With Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, PM Modi reviewed bilateral cooperation across trade and investment, defence and security, semiconductors, infrastructure, digital economy, energy, fintech, education, tourism and people-to-people ties.

PM Modi also met Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali.

Engagement With The UN Secretary-General

PM Modi also met UN Secretary-General António Guterres on the sidelines of the BRICS Summit. The two leaders underscored the significance of multipolarity and the need to reform multilateral institutions, including the UN Security Council, to reflect contemporary realities. They also discussed ongoing conflicts and freedom of navigation, sustainable development, human-centric AI, renewable energy and global food security.

The meetings came alongside the adoption of the New Delhi BRICS Leaders' Declaration, which expressed deep concern over the continued escalation of tensions in West Asia and called for maximum restraint and avoidance of actions that could further aggravate the situation. 

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PM Modi's Diplomatic Victory, BRICS Leaders Adopt New Delhi Declaration 2026

Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that BRICS member countries had unanimously adopted the New Delhi Declaration 2026, with no objections raised by any nation.

The adoption followed intensive negotiations aimed at bridging differences and achieving consensus on the joint statement. This marks a significant diplomatic success for India’s chairship of the summit.

The announcement came after a series of high-level bilateral engagements in New Delhi. On Friday, Prime Minister Modi held separate meetings with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, Russian President Vladimir Putin and United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres. These discussions took place on the sidelines of the 18th BRICS Summit, reflecting India’s active diplomatic outreach.

The summit was hosted by India under the theme “Building Resilience and Innovation for Cooperation and Sustainability.” Leaders gathered to deliberate on regional stability, economic ties and wider global challenges. The adoption of the declaration underscored the grouping’s ability to find common ground despite diverse perspectives.

Prime Minister Modi also held a bilateral meeting with Burundi President Évariste Ndayishimiye on Sunday. The meeting took place as leaders from BRICS member and partner countries convened in the capital for the two-day summit, which concluded the same day. The talks highlighted India’s engagement with African nations and its emphasis on amplifying the voice of the Global South.

India-Indonesia ties were in focus as Prime Minister Modi met Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto. The leaders reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening bilateral relations across a wide range of sectors. Modi described the interaction as warm and emphasised the continued expansion of cooperation between the two nations. Shortly after, President Subianto departed Delhi following his participation in the summit.

Prime Minister Modi also met South African President Cyril Ramaphosa on the sidelines of the summit. Their discussions centred on reviewing India-South Africa ties and exploring areas of bilateral cooperation. The meeting reinforced the importance of multilateral cooperation and shared economic priorities within the BRICS framework.

Chinese President Xi Jinping concluded a brief 24-hour visit to India, departing on Sunday after attending the summit. His visit provided insights into Beijing’s “Greater BRICS Initiative” and the trajectory of Sino-Indian relations. Xi’s presence underscored China’s strategic interest in shaping the future of the grouping.

Meanwhile, Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Sheikh Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan met Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian at the summit. Their talks focused on the Strait of Hormuz, with Tehran proposing an arrangement to allow more vessels to pass through the strategic waterway. Iran clarified that it would retain authority over which vessels could transit, while Oman sought to bring Iran and Gulf Cooperation Council states together for discussions.

The Delhi Traffic Police expressed gratitude to residents for their cooperation amid traffic restrictions during the summit. In a post on X, the police acknowledged that diversions had caused delays but appreciated commuters who followed advisories and used alternate routes to facilitate the safe movement of dignitaries.

Prime Minister Modi also held a bilateral meeting with Kazakhstan President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. Their talks focused on strengthening bilateral engagement between India and Kazakhstan as the summit concluded. Modi further met Philippines President Ferdinand R. Marcos, with discussions likely covering bilateral ties and cooperation across multiple sectors.

Highlighting the growing strength of the BRICS grouping, Prime Minister Modi shared a group photograph featuring leaders of member and partner countries, outreach invitees and heads of international organisations.

He described the gathering as a reflection of BRICS’ expanding global resonance and stressed the shared focus on cooperation, partnership and progress.

Women’s empowerment was also highlighted during the summit. Avarna Jain, Chairperson of the BRICS Women’s Business Alliance, emphasised the role of women entrepreneurs in driving innovation, creating jobs and strengthening economic growth.

She called for greater support to help women-led businesses scale up, improve access to finance and expand into new BRICS markets. Jain argued that women’s economic empowerment should be viewed as part of a broader economic strategy rather than a sector-specific issue.

The 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi concluded with the unanimous adoption of the New Delhi Declaration 2026, reinforcing India’s role as a consensus builder in a fractured global environment. The summit showcased India’s leadership in fostering resilience, innovation and cooperation among emerging economies, while advancing the collective voice of the Global South in global governance.

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BRICS Leaders Unite In New Delhi Declaration Against Unilateral Tariffs And Push Global South Voice

BRICS leaders adopted the New Delhi Declaration in New Delhi, voicing serious concern over rising unilateral tariffs and non-tariff measures that distort trade and contravene World Trade Organization rules.

The expanded bloc sought to project unity on trade, geopolitics, and global governance.

The declaration was adopted unanimously at the BRICS Summit after India led sustained consultations to bridge differences among members, including over the Middle East conflict. Prime Minister Narendra Modi formally proposed the adoption of the declaration, noting that it encapsulated the essence of discussions and perspectives on global and regional issues while outlining priorities for strengthening BRICS cooperation. No objections were raised, and the declaration was adopted unanimously.

This consensus marked a significant diplomatic breakthrough, especially after BRICS foreign ministers failed to issue a joint statement in May due to differences between Iran and the United Arab Emirates. 

The achievement came against the backdrop of renewed hostilities between the United States and Iran, with tit-for-tat strikes resuming in their six-month-old war. Iran-aligned Houthi rebels in Yemen have also tightened their grip in the Red Sea region.

The declaration expressed concern over the growing risks of nuclear danger and conflict, stressing that nuclear safeguards, safety, and security must always be upheld, including during armed conflicts. Indian officials described securing agreement amid ongoing conflicts and heightened Gulf tensions as a particularly complex diplomatic challenge.

Trade and economic cooperation were placed at the centre of the BRICS agenda. Leaders voiced serious concern over unilateral tariffs and non-tariff measures inconsistent with WTO rules.

The bloc condemned unilateral coercive measures contrary to international law, a recurring theme in BRICS discussions as members seek to reduce vulnerability to external economic pressure.

The declaration encouraged continued discussions to facilitate practical solutions for cross-border payments among BRICS countries, reflecting the bloc’s broader push to deepen trade and financial cooperation. India has been pressing members to strengthen trade cooperation, reduce barriers, and expand business opportunities, while positioning BRICS as a stronger voice in shaping global economic rules.

Opening the summit, Modi declared that BRICS had “come of age” and must translate unity and consensus into concrete results on the global stage. He emphasised the need to reform global institutions, including the United Nations Security Council, to ensure permanent representation for India and other emerging powers. Modi argued that the Global South, often at the forefront of crises but side lined in decision-making, must be given a stronger role in shaping the future.

Russian President Vladimir Putin, Chinese President Xi Jinping, Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, and Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Sheikh Khaled bin Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan attended the summit. Xi urged BRICS countries to stand on the “right side of history” by steering the international order towards greater equity and justice.

India, maintaining ties with the United States, Russia, Israel, Iran, and Gulf Arab states, is navigating competing geopolitical interests while using its BRICS chairship to push for greater economic cooperation and a stronger role for developing countries in global decision-making.

The BRICS grouping now comprises Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates. Established in 2009, the bloc has consistently sought a greater role for emerging economies in institutions such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and WTO.

The New Delhi Declaration thus represents both a diplomatic success for India and a collective statement by BRICS against unilateral trade measures, while reinforcing the bloc’s ambition to reshape global governance and amplify the voice of the Global South.

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Xi Jinping’s India Visit With Power Team Signals High‑Stakes Diplomacy

Chinese President Xi Jinping has landed in New Delhi for the 18th BRICS Summit, accompanied by two of his most powerful aides — Cai Qi and Wang Yi — signalling the high diplomatic weight of his visit.

This marks Xi’s first trip to India in nearly seven years, with a bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi set to be closely watched for its impact on India‑China relations.

Xi Jinping arrived in New Delhi on Saturday morning at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

He was received by Union Minister of State Jitin Prasada, underscoring the ceremonial importance of the visit. This is Xi’s first India trip since 2019, when he met Modi in Mamallapuram, and his fourth overall since 2014.

Travelling with Xi are Cai Qi and Wang Yi, two of China’s most senior officials. Cai Qi is a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and serves as director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee.

He is widely regarded as Xi’s right‑hand man and China’s second‑most powerful leader, having risen rapidly through the party ranks. His presence highlights the strategic importance Beijing attaches to Xi’s engagements in India.

Wang Yi, China’s Foreign Minister and a member of the CPC Political Bureau, is another key figure in the delegation. He has been deeply involved in India‑China diplomatic exchanges, particularly on the boundary issue.

Just weeks before Xi’s visit, Wang held extensive talks with India’s National Security Adviser Ajit Doval in Beijing during the 25th round of Special Representatives’ discussions. The two sides reached an eight‑point consensus, including advancing talks on boundary delimitation and border management, aiming for what both termed an “early and substantial harvest.”

Xi’s meeting with Modi is expected to be pivotal. It will be the third consecutive year the two leaders have met, following interactions in Kazan and Tianjin. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning emphasised that Beijing seeks to act on the strategic guidance of the two leaders, handle relations from a long‑term perspective, step up communication, enhance cooperation, and properly manage differences.

She described China and India as “friends enjoying good‑neighbourliness and partners helping each other succeed.”

Xi will also address the BRICS Summit, engaging in in‑depth exchanges with other leaders on pressing issues such as the international situation, BRICS institutional development, and practical cooperation. He is expected to put forward new Chinese initiatives to chart the course for deeper BRICS collaboration.

The summit is taking place against the backdrop of the Iran‑US conflict and the Russia‑Ukraine war, with China advocating a common, cooperative and sustainable approach to security.

Mao Ning stressed that Beijing is committed to promoting political settlements of hotspot issues through dialogue and looks forward to working with BRICS partners to safeguard regional and global peace.

The Modi‑Xi meeting will be closely scrutinised for signals on the future of India‑China relations, particularly regarding the border dispute and wider bilateral engagement.

The visit comes amid cautious efforts to stabilise ties following the deadly Galwan clashes of 2020 and years of strained relations. Xi’s presence, alongside Cai Qi and Wang Yi, underscores Beijing’s intent to elevate the diplomatic significance of this engagement.

India is hosting the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi on 12 and 13 September. After the summit, China will assume the rotating BRICS chairmanship, further shaping the grouping’s agenda in the coming year.

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President Putin Stresses Reliable B2B Ties As Backbone of Global Economic Order At BRICS Forum

Russian President Vladimir Putin has emphasised that reliable business‑to‑business ties and economic partnerships form the backbone of international economic relations.

He stated that such ties help overcome the problems facing the world, as he addressed the BRICS Business Forum 2026 in New Delhi.

He remarked that the gathering demonstrated the growing interest in strengthening business contacts and relations across the BRICS space. He underlined that reliable economic partnerships build relations in a stronger and more resilient manner, enabling nations to confront global challenges more effectively.

Putin noted that the world is undergoing structural, deep and profound shifts. He explained that the so‑called old leaders, who were the vanguard of economic growth in the second half of the twentieth century, are being replaced by new engines of growth.

He clarified that the term old was only a formality, as these leaders still possess great strengths, well‑developed infrastructure and significant scientific achievements. He linked the importance of economic ties to these broader changes in the global economy, stressing that shifts in the international economic order are natural and continuous.

He added that it is in the nature of humanity and the economy that change cannot be stopped. He said the world is always changing, and this is attested to by objective facts observed in the last five years. 

Highlighting the growing economic weight of BRICS, Putin pointed to the contribution of BRICS countries compared with the G7. He stated that in the last five years, BRICS nations contributed more than 40 per cent of the world’s GDP, while the G7 accounted for only 29 per cent.

The BRICS Business Forum 2026 was attended by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, BRICS leaders, the Chairs of the BRICS Business Council and the BRICS Women’s Business Alliance. Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar, Brazilian Foreign Minister Mauro Vieira, Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa were among the dignitaries present.

The Forum is the flagship private sector platform of the BRICS grouping and is convened annually in the Summit host country on the eve of the Leaders’ Summit. It brings together business leaders, Ministers and Heads of State to discuss trade, investment, finance, technology and development challenges shaping the BRICS economic agenda.

The Forum also serves as a platform where key ideas and suggestions from the Council are presented and discussed. It plays a strong agenda‑setting role, with its conclusions and the Business Council’s recommendations regularly reflected in BRICS Summit declarations and follow‑up work plans.

The recommendations particularly cover intra‑BRICS trade, investment, digital economy, MSMEs, standards cooperation and value chain integration.

India is hosting the 18th BRICS Summit under its 2026 chairship. The chairship is guided by the theme “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability”, with development, sustainability and innovation forming key areas of focus.

BRICS has emerged as an important platform for coordination among major emerging economies and for advancing the interests of the Global South in multilateral institutions. Its agenda covers development, finance, technology, trade and people‑to‑people exchanges.

The grouping currently comprises 11 countries: Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and the UAE. India’s chairship comes amid global economic fragmentation, technological disruption, geopolitical uncertainty, climate change and resource pressures. 

For India, the 2026 chairship is focused on translating the expanded representation of BRICS into meaningful cooperation and tangible outcomes, while building consensus among its diverse members and strengthening the effectiveness of existing mechanisms.

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Modi And Putin Deepen Strategic Ties With Defence, Energy And Cultural Push

Prime Minister Narendra Modi met Russian President Vladimir Putin on the sidelines of the BRICS Summit in New Delhi on Friday.

The meeting reviewed progress in bilateral ties across defence, energy, space and people-to-people domains. This was their second meeting in a fortnight, following their earlier engagement in Bishkek during the SCO Summit on 31 August.

The Ministry of External Affairs Spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal stated that the leaders held wide-ranging discussions on the India-Russia Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership. They reviewed cooperation in trade, energy, defence, space and people-to-people ties, which remain central to the enduring partnership between the two nations.

Both leaders also exchanged perspectives on key regional and global issues. They discussed conflicts in West Asia and the Black Sea region, which have disrupted maritime trade and posed risks to the safety and security of Indian seafarers.

Prime Minister Modi reiterated that dialogue and diplomacy remain the way forward in resolving conflicts, affirming India’s readiness to assist in peace efforts.

The leaders welcomed Russia’s International Industrial Exhibition “INNOPROM India”, held for the first time in India from 9–11 September. They underscored its importance in expanding trade and industrial ties. Modi and Putin visited the exhibition and interacted with participants, highlighting its role in strengthening economic cooperation.

Both sides agreed to remain engaged in efforts to further strengthen the Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership, which continues to show resilience despite geopolitical uncertainties.

President Putin extended an invitation to Prime Minister Modi to visit Russia for the 24th India-Russia Annual Summit. Modi accepted the invitation, with dates to be finalised through diplomatic channels.

During their bilateral talks, Prime Minister Modi gifted President Putin a Russian translation of the Thirukkural, the classical Tamil scripture composed by Thiruvalluvar. PM Modi explained that the Thirukkural, written two thousand years ago, encompasses the entire gamut of human life. He expressed confidence that the translation would enhance people-to-people contact and play a significant role in strengthening relations.

In a subsequent post on X, Modi wrote that he had presented Putin with the Russian translation of the Thirukkural, which carries the eternal wisdom of Thiruvalluvar across languages and borders. The Thirukkural consists of 1,330 couplets, each two lines long, and is built on universal values: aram (virtue), porul (wealth and statecraft) and inbam (love). Revered by Tamils as a sacred scripture, it is often referred to as “the Tamil Veda”.

The meeting between Modi and Putin thus reinforced the strategic depth of India-Russia relations, combining defence and energy cooperation with cultural and people-to-people exchanges. It also highlighted India’s consistent emphasis on diplomacy and dialogue in addressing global conflicts, while showcasing the enduring resilience of the bilateral partnership.

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Modi And Putin Share Car Ride To INNOPROM As Russia Eyes Deeper BRICS Role

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin shared a car ride to the INNOPROM exhibition at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi after concluding their bilateral meeting.

The Russian leader is scheduled to address the BRICS Business Forum later in the day, marking a significant moment in India’s BRICS Chairship.

During their talks, PM Modi presented Putin with a Russian translation of the Thirukkural, the classical Tamil scripture composed by the weaver-saint Thiruvalluvar. Modi highlighted that the Thirukkural, written two thousand years ago, encompasses the entire spectrum of human life and expressed confidence that its translation into Russian would strengthen people-to-people ties.

Putin arrived in New Delhi earlier on Friday ahead of the 18th BRICS Summit, which India is hosting on 12–13 September. He was received by Union Minister of State for External Affairs Kirti Vardhan Singh.

Sources indicated that an ambitious bilateral trade target was discussed during the meeting, with India and Russia aiming to raise trade volumes to ₹8,33,000 crores by 2030. The success of INNOPROM in India was also a key agenda item, with both leaders recognising its role in expanding industrial cooperation, enhancing collaboration in railways and tunnelling, strengthening the steel value chain, and creating new B2B opportunities while broadening access to the Russian market.

INNOPROM, the International Industrial Exhibition, is a global platform that connects manufacturers and buyers worldwide.

It provides opportunities to showcase advanced technologies, access international markets, and foster productive networking. Its presence in India underscores the growing industrial partnership between New Delhi and Moscow.

India’s hosting of the 18th BRICS Summit is guided by the theme “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability”.

The agenda focuses on development, sustainability and innovation, with BRICS continuing to serve as a vital platform for coordination among major emerging economies and advancing the interests of the Global South in multilateral institutions. The grouping’s scope covers development, finance, technology, trade and people-to-people exchanges.

The expanded BRICS now comprises 11 countries: Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and the UAE. Collectively, they represent nearly half of the world’s population, 40 per cent of global GDP and 26 per cent of global trade.

India’s 2026 Chairship comes at a time of global economic fragmentation, technological disruption, geopolitical uncertainty, climate change and resource pressures.

For New Delhi, the priority is to translate the expanded representation of BRICS into meaningful cooperation and tangible outcomes, while building consensus among diverse members and strengthening existing mechanisms.

The shared car ride to INNOPROM, and Putin’s forthcoming address to the BRICS Business Forum, highlight the deepening India-Russia partnership and the broader significance of BRICS as a platform for global economic and strategic dialogue.

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India May Have Enough Plutonium For Up To 225 Nuclear Weapons: FAS Report

India’s nuclear arsenal has been assessed at 190 warheads by the Federation of American Scientists (FAS), a US‑based non-profit policy think tank.

This figure includes 160 warheads for operational launchers and at least 30 additional warheads for new missiles under production.

The estimates were published in the article India’s Nuclear Weapons – 2026 authored by Hans M Kristensen, Matt Korda, Mackenzie Knight‑Boyle and Eliana Johns of the FAS Nuclear Information Project.

The report emphasises that India continues to modernise its nuclear arsenal. Several new weapon systems have been fielded in recent years, while others are under development to complement or replace existing nuclear‑capable aircraft, land‑based delivery systems and sea‑based platforms.

The analysts estimate that India may have produced enough military plutonium for between 140 and 225 nuclear warheads and might have assembled up to 190. With more systems in development, the stockpile is expected to increase further.

The study notes that India currently operates nine nuclear‑capable systems, comprising two aircraft, six land‑based ballistic missiles and one sea‑based ballistic missile. At least two more systems are nearing completion and are expected to be fielded within a few years.

Indian Nuclear Forces, 2026

Type/Designation	No of Launchers	Year Deployed	Range (km)	Warheads X Yield	No of Warheads
Aircraft	48				48
Mirage 2000H	32	1985	1,850	1 × 12 kt Bomb	--
Jaguar IS	16	1981	1,600	1 × 12 kt Bomb	--
Land-Based Missiles	88				104
Prithvi-II	24	2003	250	1 × 12 kt	24
Agni-I	16	2007	700+	1 × 10–40 kt	16
Agni-II	16	2011	2,000+	1 × 10–40 kt	16
Agni-III	16	2018	3,200+	1 × 10–40 kt	16
Agni-IV	8	2022	3,500+	1 × 10–40 kt	8
Agni-V	8	2023	5,000+	1–6 10–40kt MIRV	24
Agni-P	--	(2027)	2,000	1 × 10–40 kt	--
Sea-Based Missiles	1/12				12
K-15 (B-05)	1/12	2018	700	1 × 12 kt	12
K-4	(2/12)	(2027)	3,500	1 × 10–40 kt	. .
Total Stockpile	148				164
Other Stored Warheads					26
Total Inventory	148				190

As India does not publish official figures for its nuclear stockpile, the estimates are derived from a combination of open sources including government statements, declassified documents, media reports, think tank analyses, industry publications and commercial satellite imagery.

India is among a handful of countries believed to produce both highly enriched uranium (HEU) and weapons‑grade plutonium. Its HEU production is largely assumed to be directed towards fuelling nuclear‑powered vessels and submarines.

The source of India’s weapons‑grade plutonium has been the ageing 100‑megawatt Dhruva reactor at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre near Mumbai, and until 2010 the CIRUS reactor at the same location. After years of delay, the new 500‑megawatt Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research in Kalpakkam achieved first criticality in April 2026.

Fuelled by reactor‑grade plutonium from India’s first‑generation power reactors, the PFBR irradiates uranium or thorium blankets to produce Plutonium‑239 and Uranium‑233. If operated at 80% efficiency, the PFBR could hypothetically produce about 140 kg of Plutonium‑239 annually, sufficient for up to 35 warheads.

Several more fast breeder reactors are planned, including two in pre‑planning stage, FBR‑1 and FBR‑2, to be located adjacent to the PFBR at Kalpakkam. If operated successfully, these reactors could significantly increase the amount of plutonium available for India’s nuclear stockpile.

As of early 2026, the International Panel on Fissile Materials estimated India had produced approximately 730 kg of weapons‑grade plutonium, with a margin of error of 170 kg. Assuming four kilograms per warhead, this would theoretically be sufficient for between 140 and 225 warheads. 

However, the calculation carries caveats due to uncertainties in warhead design.

The report observes that India may not have used all its plutonium for warhead production, keeping some in reserve. The size of the stockpile also depends on the number and types of launchers available, as it is unlikely India would produce significantly more warheads than its systems can deliver.

The government recently reiterated in Parliament that India remains committed to credible minimum deterrence and a posture of no first use of nuclear weapons. This doctrine has been a cornerstone of India’s nuclear strategy since the Pokhran‑II tests in 1998.

The FAS analysis also compares India’s arsenal with Pakistan’s, noting that Pakistan is estimated to possess approximately 170 warheads, according to a recent SIPRI report. India’s trajectory of modernisation, combined with its fissile material production, suggests a steady expansion of capabilities while adhering to its declared doctrine.

Agencies

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President Putin’s Arrival Strengthens India-Russia Partnership Ahead of BRICS Summit

President Vladimir Putin arrived in New Delhi on Friday ahead of the 18th BRICS Summit, with the Ministry of External Affairs hailing the “multifaceted and longstanding” bilateral ties between India and Russia.

His arrival marks a significant moment as India prepares to host the high-level gathering this weekend.

MEA spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal posted on X that Union Minister of State for External Affairs Kirti Vardhan Singh received and welcomed the Russian leader at Delhi airport.

He emphasised that India and Russia share “multifaceted and longstanding ties anchored in Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership,” underlining the depth of the relationship.

Putin’s arrival sets the stage for crucial bilateral talks with Prime Minister Narendra Modi later in the day. The discussions are expected to focus on strategic trade resilience, cross-border payment mechanisms, energy security, and conflict-resolution pathways in light of ongoing geopolitical tensions in Eastern Europe and West Asia.

According to the Kremlin, Putin is paying a working visit to India as BRICS marks its 20th anniversary. His engagements include addressing the plenary session of the BRICS Business Forum on September 11, a platform that traditionally precedes the leaders’ summit and brings together business representatives from across BRICS nations.

On the same day, Putin is scheduled to hold a bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Modi. Both leaders will also jointly visit the INNOPROM exhibition, organised by the industry and trade ministries of Russia and India, showcasing industrial and technological cooperation between the two countries.

The Russian President’s visit is expected to add further momentum to the India-Russia strategic partnership. Trade and economic cooperation are likely to feature prominently in the discussions, reflecting the longstanding emphasis on strengthening bilateral economic ties.

India’s chairship of BRICS has focused on enhancing cooperation across trade, digital technology, finance, energy security, and global governance reform. The summit will deliberate on resilient global supply chains, cross-border payment integration, greater use of national currencies, MSME development, digital trade, and artificial intelligence.

Energy security, climate resilience, development finance, expansion of the New Development Bank, and reforms of multilateral financial and political institutions are also expected to be key themes. These discussions highlight India’s priorities of resilience, innovation, cooperation, and sustainability under its leadership of BRICS.

Putin’s participation in the BRICS Business Forum and his bilateral engagements with Modi underscore the strategic weight of the summit. The visit reflects both nations’ commitment to advancing their Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership while contributing to the broader BRICS agenda of reforming global governance and strengthening economic resilience.

ANI

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President Putin Arrives In India To Strengthen India-Russia Partnership Ahead of BRICS Summit

President Vladimir Putin arrived in New Delhi on Friday ahead of the 18th BRICS Summit, with the Ministry of External Affairs hailing the “multifaceted and longstanding” bilateral ties between India and Russia.

His arrival marks a significant moment as India prepares to host the high-level gathering this weekend.

MEA spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal posted on X that Union Minister of State for External Affairs Kirti Vardhan Singh received and welcomed the Russian leader at Delhi airport.

He emphasised that India and Russia share “multifaceted and longstanding ties anchored in Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership,” underlining the depth of the relationship.

Putin’s arrival sets the stage for crucial bilateral talks with Prime Minister Narendra Modi later in the day. The discussions are expected to focus on strategic trade resilience, cross-border payment mechanisms, energy security, and conflict-resolution pathways in light of ongoing geopolitical tensions in Eastern Europe and West Asia.

According to the Kremlin, Putin is paying a working visit to India as BRICS marks its 20th anniversary. His engagements include addressing the plenary session of the BRICS Business Forum on September 11, a platform that traditionally precedes the leaders’ summit and brings together business representatives from across BRICS nations.

On the same day, Putin is scheduled to hold a bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Modi. Both leaders will also jointly visit the INNOPROM exhibition, organised by the industry and trade ministries of Russia and India, showcasing industrial and technological cooperation between the two countries.

The Russian President’s visit is expected to add further momentum to the India-Russia strategic partnership. Trade and economic cooperation are likely to feature prominently in the discussions, reflecting the longstanding emphasis on strengthening bilateral economic ties.

India’s chairship of BRICS has focused on enhancing cooperation across trade, digital technology, finance, energy security, and global governance reform. The summit will deliberate on resilient global supply chains, cross-border payment integration, greater use of national currencies, MSME development, digital trade, and artificial intelligence.

Energy security, climate resilience, development finance, expansion of the New Development Bank, and reforms of multilateral financial and political institutions are also expected to be key themes. These discussions highlight India’s priorities of resilience, innovation, cooperation, and sustainability under its leadership of BRICS.

Putin’s participation in the BRICS Business Forum and his bilateral engagements with Modi underscore the strategic weight of the summit.

The visit reflects both nations’ commitment to advancing their Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership while contributing to the broader BRICS agenda of reforming global governance and strengthening economic resilience.

ANI

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India’s Expanding Nuclear Warheads Now At 190, Highlights Modernisation And Credible Deterrence

India continues to modernise its nuclear arsenal with several new weapon systems already fielded and more under development to complement or replace existing nuclear-capable aircraft, land-based delivery systems, and sea-based systems, according to a bulletin by Federation of American Scientists (FAS).

Analysts estimate that India has produced sufficient military plutonium for between 140 and 225 nuclear warheads and may have assembled up to 190. With additional systems nearing completion, the stockpile is expected to grow further.

India currently operates nine nuclear-capable systems, including two aircraft, six land-based ballistic missiles, and one sea-based ballistic missile. At least two more systems are close to deployment. Operational forces can deliver over 160 warheads, with additional warheads produced for missiles in production.

The Indian government does not publish official figures on its nuclear stockpile. Estimates are derived from government statements, declassified documents, budgetary information, military parades, treaty disclosures, media reports, think tank analyses, industry publications, and commercial satellite imagery. 

India maintains a culture of opacity regarding its nuclear arsenal, refusing to divulge costs of certain programs and exempting the Strategic Forces Command from the Right to Information Act in 2016. Western governments, including the United States, rarely publish assessments of India’s nuclear arsenal, making independent analysis more challenging.

DRDO publications occasionally provide useful data points about dual-capable delivery systems. Local media often embellish claims, sometimes labelling systems as nuclear-capable without evidence. Analysts therefore rely on cautious expert assessments and satellite imagery to corroborate information.

India produces both highly enriched uranium and weapons-grade plutonium. HEU is largely used for nuclear-powered vessels and submarines. Weapons-grade plutonium has been produced at the Dhruva reactor near Mumbai and previously at the CIRUS reactor.

In April 2026, India’s 500-MWt Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor at Kalpakkam reached first criticality. If operated at 80% efficiency, it could produce 140 kilograms of Plutonium-239 annually, sufficient for up to 35 warheads.

Additional breeder reactors are planned. As of early 2026, India had produced approximately 730 kilograms of weapons-grade plutonium, sufficient for 140 to 225 warheads, though uncertainties remain regarding warhead designs.

India validated a fission design in 1998, but progress on boosted fission and thermonuclear designs is unclear. Analysts estimate India has produced around 190 warheads, including over 160 for operational launchers.

India’s nuclear doctrine has historically focused on Pakistan. Border clashes, including the May 2025 incident in Kashmir, highlight the risks of escalation. India carried out missile strikes under “Operation Sindoor,” while Pakistan claimed to have shot down Indian jets.

The incident prompted Pakistan’s National Command Authority to convene, raising nuclear concerns. Past incidents, such as the 2019 Balakot strikes and the accidental BrahMos launch into Pakistan in 2022, underscore the dangers of miscalculation. While Pakistan remains the primary focus, India’s longer-range Agni missiles indicate increasing emphasis on China.

The 2017 Doklam standoff and subsequent clashes reinforced this posture. Analysts suggest India may be decoupling its nuclear strategy between China and Pakistan, though no official adoption of a “splendid first strike” strategy has been confirmed.

India adheres to a no-first-use policy but weakened it in 2003 by allowing nuclear use in response to chemical or biological attacks. Statements by defence ministers in 2016 and 2019 questioned the rigidity of NFU, introducing uncertainty.

Analysts warn NFU is not a reliable predictor of actual use. India is thought to store warheads separately from launchers, though some may be co-located with aircraft or pre-mated with ballistic missiles in canisters. The Agni-V is operational, and Agni-P is nearing deployment. Submarine-based systems require mated warheads for credible deterrence.

Aircraft remain central to India’s nuclear posture. Mirage-2000H and Jaguar IS aircraft are assigned nuclear missions. Mirage squadrons operate from Gwalior and occasionally from Bikaner, with upgrades underway despite delays.

Jaguars received DARIN-III upgrades, though half the fleet was not modernised due to cost. Retirement plans for Jaguars have been pushed back, with updated timelines between 2028 and 2031. Mirage aircraft may operate until 2038 to bridge the transition to Rafale and Tejas jets.

India signed a deal with HAL in 2025 for 97 Tejas Mk1A aircraft. Rafale aircraft, acquired from France, could replace Jaguars in the nuclear role. India received 36 Rafales by 2022, deployed in squadrons at Ambala and Hasimara.

Rafales feature India-specific enhancements and are supported by planned MRO facilities in Jewar and Hyderabad. In February 2026, India approved the purchase of 114 additional Rafales, with most to be manufactured domestically. India also ordered 26 Rafale-Marine jets for its aircraft carriers, with deliveries beginning in 2029.

India’s land-based missile arsenal includes Prithvi-II, Agni-I, Agni-II, Agni-III, Agni-IV, and Agni-V, with Agni-P nearing deployment and Agni-VI rumoured. India may streamline its missile force, focusing on medium- and long-range systems.

Around 88 operational nuclear-capable land-based missiles are estimated as of July 2026. Deployment involves design trials, induction, and user trials before operational status.

Prithvi-II, developed under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program, has a range of 350 kilometres and is integral to deterrence. Agni-I, operational since 2007, has a range of 700 kilometres and targets Pakistan. Agni-II, with a range over 2,000 kilometres, faced delays before becoming operational in 2011.

Bulletin of The Atomic Scientists

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82.6 Ghz Gyrotron Commissioned And Integrated With SST-1 TOKAMAK Fusion Reactor At Institute For Plasma Research, Gujarat

The Gyrotron commissioned and integrated (Extreme left pic) at IPR

The Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) in Gujarat has successfully commissioned and integrated an advanced 82.6 GHz Gyrotron with the SST‑1 Tokamak (State Superconducting Tokamak-1), marking a major milestone in India’s fusion energy program.

This system enables plasma heating at both fundamental and second harmonics, significantly enhancing experimental capabilities for long‑pulse fusion operations.

The Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating system (ECRH) is a crucial component for Tokamaks and fusion reactors. Its applications include low‑loop voltage plasma Start‑Up, heating, current drive, and control of instabilities. A standard ECRH system comprises a high‑power microwave source, corrugated waveguide transmission line, and quasi‑optical launcher.

On SST‑1 and Aditya‑U Tokamaks, two ECRH systems are deployed: a 42 GHz 500 kW unit and the newly commissioned 82.6 GHz 400 kW unit. The 82.6 GHz Gyrotron is capable of delivering 400 kW of RF power for 500 milliseconds. It was mounted on the cryomagnet with precision, while the mirrors of the matching optic unit were replaced and aligned to couple power effectively into the transmission line. The Gunn coil was installed, and all cooling and electrical connections were completed following standard procedures.

Cold high‑voltage tests validated the voltage withstand capability and tube integrity. Initial low‑power, short‑pulse operations ensured precise mirror alignment, with burn‑patterns confirming correct beam propagation. The Gyrotron achieved stable operation at rated parameters on a water‑cooled dummy load, with beam voltage at −45 kV, beam current around 20 A, and anode voltage at +20 kV.

Following dummy load commissioning, the system was integrated with SST‑1 using a 20‑metre transmission line. Launcher mirrors inside the Tokamak were realigned to deliver EC power to the desired plasma location, validated through burn‑pattern observations. This integration enabled plasma heating experiments at both fundamental and second harmonics.

During the recent SST‑1 campaign, the 82.6 GHz system was successfully used for plasma pre‑ionisation and heating. For the first time, SST‑1 operated at a toroidal magnetic field of approximately 2.8 T with the 82.6 GHz system applied for plasma breakdown and heating. Power levels varied between 150 kW and 300 kW, with durations ranging from 75 ms to 200 ms.

The system was also employed for second‑harmonic pre‑ionisation at 1.5 T with different polarisation settings, achieving effective breakdown in synergy with the Klystron‑based LHCD system.

This achievement represents a significant advancement in India’s fusion research. SST‑1, India’s first superconducting Tokamak, was designed for long‑pulse steady‑state plasma operations.

The integration of the 82.6 GHz Gyrotron strengthens India’s capability to conduct advanced plasma heating experiments, contributing to global efforts in developing practical fusion energy. The system’s commissioning also demonstrates India’s growing expertise in high‑power microwave technology, superconducting magnet integration, and fusion plasma control.

IDN (With Agency Inputs)

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PM Modi And President Putin To Seal Nuclear Energy Push At BRICS Summit

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s upcoming bilateral meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin on 11 September, ahead of the BRICS Summit in New Delhi, will centre on nuclear energy cooperation, trade expansion, and financial collaboration.

Russia has confirmed that talks on setting up new nuclear power plants in India are expected, with the Kudankulam project already marking major milestones.

India and Russia are preparing for a significant engagement during Putin’s visit to New Delhi. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov confirmed that the leaders will meet on Friday, 11 September, before the BRICS Summit begins on 12 September.

The bilateral agenda is expected to cover defence, trade, nuclear energy, and emerging areas of cooperation. Peskov emphasised that the leaders maintain close personal contact and are able to discuss sensitive issues openly and constructively.

Nuclear energy is a major focus. Russia has stated that it is awaiting negotiations with India on setting up new nuclear power plants. This comes as the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project in Tamil Nadu achieved a milestone in June 2026 with the installation of a 320-ton reactor pressure vessel at Unit-5. 

The site, developed jointly by India’s NPCIL and Russia’s ATOMSTROYEXPORT, already has Units 1 and 2 operational, generating over 130 billion units of electricity and preventing the release of 112 million tons of carbon dioxide.

Units 3 and 4 are nearing completion, while Units 5 and 6 are under construction. The full capacity of 6,000 MWe will make Kudankulam one of India’s most important clean energy hubs.

India aims to raise nuclear power generation capacity to 100 gigawatts by 2047, with Kudankulam expected to play a central role. External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar has described Russia as India’s foremost partner in civil nuclear energy, highlighting the strategic importance of the collaboration.

Trade and economic cooperation will also be discussed. Russia has noted that around 90% of its transactions with BRICS members are now conducted in national currencies. This financial shift is not aimed at de-dollarisation but is a response to sanctions and restrictions imposed by certain countries.

The BRICS Summit itself, scheduled for 12–13 September in New Delhi, will focus on resilience, innovation, cooperation, and sustainability. India’s chairship has prioritised practical cooperation in artificial intelligence, digital public infrastructure, green finance, energy transition, Start-Ups, and support for micro, small, and medium enterprises.

Russia has expressed strong support for India’s leadership within BRICS and welcomed India’s willingness to contribute to efforts aimed at finding a peaceful resolution to the Ukraine conflict.

The first India-Russia International Industrial Trade Fair, ‘INNOPROM.India’, will be held from 9–11 September ahead of the summit, with both Modi and Putin expected to attend. This event will showcase industrial cooperation and highlight new opportunities in trade and technology.

The Modi-Putin meeting is expected to deepen bilateral cooperation, particularly in nuclear energy, trade, and financial systems, while reinforcing India’s role within BRICS.

Agencies

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TECHNOLOGICAL MARVEL: Neutrons Multiply At Kalpakkam As India’s 500 MWe Fast Breeder Hits Criticality

Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) 500 MWe pool type sodium-cooled reactor at Kalpakkam

India’s Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam has achieved first criticality after a 22-year journey from the pouring of its first concrete, marking a decisive step in India’s three-stage nuclear program and its long-term thorium ambitions.

The milestone underscores both the promise of breeder technology and the delays in fuel cycle infrastructure that remain to be resolved.

The control room at Kalpakkam was filled with instruments and silence as the reactor reached criticality. A needle climbed and settled, recording the multiplication of neutrons sustaining themselves without external help.

At 8:25 PM on 6 April 2026, the logbook gained a new line, twenty-two years after construction began. The Prime Minister described it as a reactor capable of producing more fuel than it consumes, a step toward harnessing India’s thorium reserves.

An ordinary reactor slows neutrons with water, splitting uranium-235 efficiently. A fast breeder does not slow them, requiring richer fuel but enabling uranium-238 to capture fast neutrons and transform into plutonium-239.

Surrounding the core with a blanket of uranium allows the reactor to manufacture more fissile material than it burns. Water cannot be used as coolant, so liquid sodium carries the heat. Sodium is superb at transferring heat but ignites on contact with water, a trade-off accepted by breeder programs worldwide.

The site at Kalpakkam, on the Bay of Bengal south of Chennai, was already a nuclear campus. India has operated a small fast reactor there since the 1980s, enabling indigenous design work. The PFBR is rated at 500 MWe and uses a pool-type layout, keeping the sodium circuit submerged inside the reactor tank to reduce leakage risks.

The IG Centre for Atomic Research designed the reactor, while Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVANI) built and commissioned it. The fuel is uranium-plutonium oxide, with a uranium-238 blanket and thorium-232 in the design intent.

Construction began in 2004 with operation planned for 2010. Fuel loading started in March 2024, and criticality was achieved in April 2026. This was sixteen years past the original target and twenty-two years from ground breaking.

The cost rose from an estimated ₹3,492 crore to ₹8,181 crore, more than double. The two-year gap between fuel loading and criticality was deliberate, reflecting the staged nature of a first-of-a-kind Start-Up.

India now joins Russia as the only countries operating commercial-scale breeders. While about twenty fast neutron reactors have run worldwide, most were prototypes or demonstration units.

The challenge lies downstream: the reprocessing plant to recover plutonium from the blanket, originally due in 2014, is now expected in December 2029. Thus, the reactor that breeds fuel is running three years ahead of the plant that would close its cycle.

Criticality is a physics event, not yet power output. The reactor must ascend through staged testing before grid connection. The Prime Minister emphasised its role in India’s three-stage nuclear program: conventional reactors first, breeders second to generate plutonium and convert thorium, and thorium reactors third.

The breeding ratio, measuring how much new fuel is produced per unit consumed, will determine the viability of stage three. Larger units are planned at Kalpakkam, their designs to be guided by the performance of this reactor.

The achievement reflects decades of indigenous research, engineering, and manufacturing. Advanced safety systems, sodium coolant technology, and a closed fuel cycle approach enhance sustainability and reduce waste.

It also demonstrates India’s commitment to long-term clean energy and energy independence, leveraging abundant thorium reserves. The recorded fact remains a needle that climbed at 8:25 PM on an April evening, and everything beyond is still to come.

Agencies

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