Saturday, October 24, 2026

ITBP Chief Says Ongoing China Face-Offs Continue Along Arunachal Pradesh Border as Shaurya Commandos Boost Readiness


The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) has revealed that face-offs with Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) troops remain ongoing at multiple locations along the Arunachal Pradesh frontier, with ITBP Director General Shatrujeet Singh Kapoor highlighting the role of the force’s newly raised Shaurya commandos in handling these confrontations.

Speaking at an ITBP base in Alwar, Rajasthan, ahead of the force’s 65th Raising Day, Kapoor said the specialised combat teams had performed exceptionally during recent incidents along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). He noted that the new unit would gradually be deployed across every border battalion as part of the force’s effort to strengthen operational preparedness along the 3,488-km frontier with China.

Kapoor described China as India’s “biggest adversary” and stressed that traditional methods of warfare were no longer sufficient to address emerging challenges on the northern frontier. He said the changing security environment demanded greater technological integration, specialised training and enhanced combat capabilities.

As part of its modernisation drive, the ITBP has established drone platoons in all border-guarding battalions and is training personnel in drone operations and indigenous technological development. Kapoor disclosed that the force had received ₹400 crore in government funding, with around 70 per cent earmarked for strengthening drone warfare capabilities. He added that the Ministry of Home Affairs has granted in-principle approval for a ₹4,000-crore modernisation package, including ₹1,000 crore dedicated to drone and anti-drone systems.

The force has also introduced a new ‘Strike’ training course designed to prepare personnel for combat situations similar to the June 2020 Galwan Valley clash. Kapoor said the entire force is expected to undergo the program by the end of 2027.

During the Galwan confrontation in eastern Ladakh, 20 Indian soldiers lost their lives, while China later acknowledged the deaths of four of its personnel.

Beyond combat readiness, the ITBP is strengthening infrastructure in forward areas. Kapoor said underground shelters are being constructed to reduce vulnerabilities during any future conflict, as above-ground structures could become targets in wartime conditions.

The force is also upgrading living conditions for troops deployed in harsh high-altitude environments. Measures include insulated barracks, solar water-heating systems, generator support for remote posts and cold-start kits that enable vehicles to operate in extreme winter conditions.

According to Kapoor, these efforts form part of a broader strategy to transform the ITBP into a specialised mountain-fighting force capable of responding to rapidly evolving security challenges along the India-China border.

The remarks are significant because they amount to one of the clearest official acknowledgements of continuing face-offs in Arunachal Pradesh. Reports in recent months have pointed to tensions in parts of the state, including areas near Taksing in Upper Subansiri district, where local accounts and media reports alleged repeated confrontations and restrictions on patrolling activity.

Kapoor told personnel, “Recently, a situation arose in Arunachal Pradesh where a face-off occurred at several places, which is still ongoing. There, our Shaurya Commando teams have done a tremendous job.”

The developments have also triggered political reactions. Congress MP Jairam Ramesh criticised the government, accusing it of remaining silent on the reported incidents and arguing that concerns regarding Arunachal Pradesh have not been addressed publicly at the highest political level.

Ramesh further alleged that, as in Ladakh, certain patrolling points had reportedly slipped from Indian control. He also raised concerns about China’s continued renaming of locations in Arunachal Pradesh and the construction of a proposed 60,000-MW dam, claiming that the project could pose risks to ecology and long-term water security in the region.

His criticism comes amid continuing scrutiny of India-China border management following the military standoff that began in eastern Ladakh in 2020.

Although military and diplomatic channels have remained active, tensions persist at several points along the disputed frontier, prompting India to continue investing heavily in surveillance, mobility, drone warfare capabilities and specialised high-altitude combat formations.

Agencies



MEA Reiterates Border Peace Imperative Amid Row Over Reported PLA Face-Offs In Arunachal Pradesh


The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) has reiterated that maintaining peace and tranquillity along the India-China border remains essential for the broader development of bilateral relations, following reports that Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) Director General Shatrujeet Kapoor referred to continuing face-offs with the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in Arunachal Pradesh.

Responding to questions on the issue, the MEA said specific operational matters should be addressed by the Ministry of Defence.

The ministry stated that situations along the India-China border occasionally become strained when Chinese forces diverge from established patrolling patterns.

According to the MEA, both countries continue to utilise existing diplomatic and military mechanisms to address outstanding issues and prevent misunderstanding or miscalculation along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).

The ministry also noted that India and China have agreed to discuss ways of improving their understanding of the LAC in selected areas to strengthen border management. Emphasising the wider significance of stability along the frontier, the MEA said, “The maintenance of peace and tranquillity in the border areas is essential for the overall development of bilateral relations.”

The clarification has emerged amid a political controversy over the reported remarks of the ITBP chief regarding continuing encounters with Chinese troops in Arunachal Pradesh.

Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge called the reported remarks “deeply alarming” and demanded that Prime Minister Narendra Modi provide a clear explanation to Parliament and the nation.

Raising a series of questions, Kharge said, “The ITBP DG's confirmation of continuing PLA face-offs in Arunachal Pradesh is deeply alarming. After Doklam and Galwan, is another serious confrontation unfolding?”

He also referred to reports of Chinese incursions near Taksing in August and questioned why confrontations were allegedly continuing despite Corps Commander-level talks held at Wacha-Damai, around 180 kilometres from the reported area.

Kharge asked whether India's patrolling access had been compromised and asserted that “Arunachal Pradesh is an inseparable part of India”.

The Congress President further criticised the government's diplomatic engagement with Beijing, questioning the outcomes of repeated high-level interactions between the two sides.

“At least 23 reported Modi-Xi meetings and interactions, 25 Special Representatives' rounds involving NSA Ajit Doval, 36 WMCC meetings, and successive SCO and BRICS Summits. What tangible results have these engagements delivered? Have India's pre-May 2020 patrolling rights been fully restored?” he asked.

Kharge stressed that while the Armed Forces enjoy the full confidence of the country, national security requires transparency and accountability, adding that the Prime Minister should take Parliament and the nation into confidence on developments along the border.

The remarks come less than two months after the 25th Round of Talks between the Special Representatives of India and China on the Boundary Question was held in Beijing on 25 August.

During those discussions, the two sides reaffirmed their commitment to implementing guidance provided by their leaders, maintaining peace and tranquillity in border areas, and creating conditions for stable and healthy bilateral ties.

India and China also reiterated their commitment to advancing negotiations on a framework for resolving the boundary dispute in accordance with the 2005 Agreement on Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for Settlement of the India-China Boundary Question, as well as understandings reached in subsequent Special Representatives' talks.

The two countries further agreed that any developments on the ground should be managed through established diplomatic and military channels, including the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination (WMCC), local commander-level meetings and other agreed mechanisms.

The discussions also underscored efforts to reduce the risk of misunderstanding along the LAC and improve border management measures, reflecting the continuing emphasis by both sides on dialogue and confidence-building even as sensitive issues remain unresolved.

ANI


US Will Never Share Niche Technology: Former IAF Deputy Chief Questions India's Fighter Jet Engine Reliance


India's efforts to secure greater access to advanced American technologies have once again come under scrutiny following the visit of US Secretary of State Marco Rubio and the expanding strategic partnership between New Delhi and Washington, WION reported.

At the centre of the discussion is India's ambition to acquire deeper technological cooperation in critical sectors such as fighter aircraft engines, artificial intelligence, semiconductors and other advanced technologies that are increasingly shaping modern military capabilities.

The debate has gained further momentum under the India-US TRUST initiative, unveiled in February 2025, which seeks to strengthen strategic technology cooperation between the two countries.

While the initiative has been presented as a major step forward, questions persist over the extent to which the United States is prepared to transfer high-end technologies that remain vital to its national security and industrial advantage.

Speaking to WION's Defence Pulse, retired Air Vice Marshal Sunil Jayant Nanodkar, former Assistant Chief of Air Staff, expressed scepticism about expectations surrounding American technology transfers.

According to Nanodkar, India's experience with fighter engine procurement highlights the risks of relying extensively on overseas suppliers for critical defence programs.

He pointed to the delays affecting deliveries of General Electric's F404 engines, which have had a direct impact on the TEJAS MK-1A fighter program. The aircraft is a key element of the Indian Air Force's modernisation plans, but production schedules have been disrupted by slower-than-expected engine supplies.

Nanodkar argued that criticism directed at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited often overlooks the reality that aircraft production is heavily dependent on the timely arrival of foreign-made engines.

"We keep blaming HAL for everything," he said, stressing that the company cannot fulfil production commitments when crucial components continue to arrive from overseas suppliers at a slower pace than required.

Although deliveries of the GE-F404 engine have resumed, he noted that the supply rate remains below what is needed to fully support production plans. The retired Air Marshal also highlighted the importance of finalising the long-discussed agreement to manufacture the more powerful GE F414 engine in India.

The F414 is expected to power the upcoming TEJAS MK-2 fighter and the initial variants of India's Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA), making the project a critical component of the country's future combat aviation roadmap.

The engine manufacturing arrangement has long been viewed as one of the most significant defence-industrial collaborations between India and the United States because it could expand India's domestic aerospace manufacturing capabilities while supporting future fighter aircraft programs.

Despite such cooperation, Nanodkar remained unconvinced that Washington would share its most closely guarded technologies.

Asked whether the United States would transfer its most sensitive military technologies to India, he offered a blunt assessment.

"The plain and simple answer is no. They will never part with niche technology to India," he said.

He warned that announcements regarding defence cooperation should be evaluated based on actual technology transfers, manufacturing rights and the level of indigenous capability created rather than political declarations alone.

"No country is going to share niche technology with you. You have to develop it yourself," he added.

His remarks reflect a broader reality within the global aerospace sector. Advanced fighter jet engines remain among the most complex technologies ever developed, with only a handful of nations possessing the expertise to independently design, manufacture and sustain them.

For decades, India has sought to join that select group through indigenous propulsion efforts, most notably the Kaveri engine project. While the program has encountered significant technical challenges, it continues to symbolise India's long-term aspiration for self-reliance in military aviation.

Nanodkar argued that sustained investment in domestic research and development, backed by selective international collaboration, offers the only reliable path towards genuine technological independence.

His assessment underscores a growing belief within sections of India's strategic community that foreign partnerships may help bridge capability gaps, but the ultimate responsibility for mastering critical technologies, particularly fighter aircraft engines, rests with India itself.

Agencies



NAGASTRA-2's 650 mm Armour-Penetration Capability Clears Army Trials, Strengthening India's Precision Strike Arsenal


Solar Defence and Aerospace Ltd. has completed the delivery of its NAGASTRA-2 anti-tank loitering munition system to the Indian Army, marking a significant advance in India's indigenous precision-strike capabilities.

The system's defining feature is its ability to penetrate up to 650 mm of Rolled Homogeneous Armour (RHA), enabling it to engage heavily protected armoured targets with greater effectiveness.

Developed by the Nagpur-based company, NAGASTRA-2 recently completed technical trials at the Mahajan Field Firing Range in August 2026, where Army personnel observed and validated all operational and Electronic Counter-Countermeasures (ECCM) compliance parameters.

The anti-tank loitering munition is equipped with a 4 kg tandem shaped-charge warhead specifically designed to defeat armour protected by up to 650 mm of RHA. Combined with day-and-night surveillance cameras, the system can identify, track and strike armoured targets with high precision across varying operational conditions.

Its ability to remain airborne for up to 60 minutes gives operators valuable time to locate and assess targets before conducting an attack. The munition can operate at a range of up to 25 km in recover-and-reuse mode, while extending to 50 km in fire-and-forget mode, offering commanders considerable tactical flexibility on the battlefield.

A major strength of NAGASTRA-2 is its ECCM capability, which is designed to maintain effectiveness in electronically contested environments. The system is built to withstand communication jamming, GPS jamming and spoofing attempts, ensuring mission continuity even in the presence of sophisticated electronic warfare threats.

The successful induction of NAGASTRA-2 reflects the growing emphasis on indigenous loitering munition technology within the Indian Army. Such systems combine surveillance and strike capabilities in a single platform, allowing operators to search for targets before launching precision attacks.

The latest achievement also builds upon the Army's earlier procurement of approximately 450 NAGASTRA-1R loitering munitions from Solar Defence and Aerospace Limited in 2025. According to the company, the NAGASTRA-1R provides a cost-effective capability through fully reusable launcher systems and advanced targeting features.

The NAGASTRA-1R is equipped with a 360-degree gimbal camera and can be fitted with a thermal camera for night operations. It also incorporates proprietary encryption for video and telemetry communications and employs a high-precision targeting system with a Circular Error Probable of two metres.

Featuring more than 80% indigenous content, the Nagastra family highlights India's efforts to strengthen self-reliance in advanced defence manufacturing. The systems have undergone testing in diverse operational environments, including Ladakh and Babina near Jhansi in Uttar Pradesh, demonstrating their suitability across varied terrain and climatic conditions.

The development, successful trials and delivery of NAGASTRA-2 represent an important milestone for India's domestic defence industry. With its headline 650 mm armour-penetration capability, extended endurance, electronic warfare resilience and precision-strike performance, the system provides the Indian Army with a modern indigenous solution for engaging armoured threats on future battlefields.

Agencies


Zeus Numerix Unveils India's First 'Tribahu' Drone-Dropped Munition For The Armed Forces


India’s private defence sector has achieved a notable milestone with the reported development of the country’s first indigenous 'Tribahu' drone-dropped munition for the Armed Forces.

The system has been developed by Pune-based Zeus Numerix, marking another step in India's drive towards greater self-reliance in advanced military technologies.

The 'Tribahu' munition has been designed as a precision-guided aerial weapon that can be deployed from unmanned aerial vehicles. Its development reflects the growing emphasis on drone-enabled warfare, where unmanned systems are increasingly being used for surveillance, reconnaissance, target acquisition, and precision strike missions.

Unlike conventional aerial munitions, drone-dropped weapons offer greater operational flexibility. They can be deployed rapidly, minimise risks to personnel, and enable precision engagement of targets while reducing collateral damage. Such capabilities are becoming increasingly important as modern battlefields evolve towards network-centric and unmanned operations.

The indigenous nature of the programme is particularly significant. The development demonstrates the increasing capability of Indian private industry to design and manufacture sophisticated defence systems that were previously dependent on foreign suppliers. It also aligns with the Government of India's broader 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat' initiative aimed at strengthening domestic defence production.

The 'Tribahu' system is understood to have been conceived for use across the three Services, reflecting its multi-domain utility. The name itself is associated with serving the operational requirements of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, potentially providing a common precision-strike capability across diverse mission environments.

The emergence of such systems comes at a time when drone warfare has transformed military operations globally. Conflicts in various regions have demonstrated the effectiveness of unmanned platforms carrying precision munitions, leading armed forces worldwide to accelerate investments in indigenous drone and counter-drone technologies.

India has witnessed rapid growth in its domestic drone ecosystem in recent years. Alongside loitering munitions, swarm drones, autonomous surveillance platforms, and anti-drone systems, drone-dropped munitions are becoming a key area of technological development. The introduction of the 'Tribahu' munition adds another capability to this expanding portfolio.

The achievement highlights the growing role of private Indian companies in supporting national security objectives. As indigenous drone technologies continue to mature, systems such as the 'Tribahu' are expected to contribute to improved battlefield effectiveness, operational flexibility, and strategic self-reliance for the Armed Forces.

Agencies


Army Northern Command Opens Applications For 75-Day Defence Technology Internship Program


The Indian Army’s Northern Command has invited applications from young innovators, aspiring technologists and creative professionals for its 2026-27 Internship Program, an initiative designed to foster innovation and develop technology-driven solutions for military applications.

Based in the strategically important Northern Command theatre, the program seeks to engage talented individuals in cutting-edge technological fields that can contribute directly to strengthening the Army’s operational readiness and technological capabilities.

According to details released by Northern Command, the internship will run for 75 days and will be divided into two phases. Participants will first undergo 15 days of online learning, followed by 60 days of on-site practical training.

The internships are scheduled to begin on 1 December, while the deadline for submitting applications is 5 November. The physical component of the program will be conducted at Udhampur, Srinagar and Leh, providing participants exposure to some of the Army’s most significant operational regions.

The initiative aims to provide hands-on experience and enable candidates to transform innovative ideas into practical solutions for real-world defence challenges. Participants will also have an opportunity to contribute to defence innovation projects that support the Army’s evolving technological requirements.

The program covers a broad spectrum of emerging and specialised domains. These include cyber security and ethical hacking, artificial intelligence and machine learning, quantum computing and cryptography, drone and unmanned aerial vehicle technologies, robotics and autonomous systems, and space and satellite technologies.

Additional focus areas include advanced weapon systems and defence electronics, 5G and 6G communication technologies, Mandarin interpretation and utilisation, financial technology (FinTech), and mass communication and media.

As part of the internship, selected candidates will receive a stipend of ₹30,000 per month, amounting to a total of ₹75,000 over the entire duration of the program.

Northern Command has encouraged aspiring professionals to take advantage of the opportunity to translate innovative concepts into practical solutions while contributing to technological advancement in support of national defence objectives.

The initiative reflects the increasing emphasis being placed by modern armed forces on emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, autonomous systems, cyber warfare capabilities, advanced communications and space-based applications, all of which are becoming critical components of future military operations.

PTI


ITBP Raises Drone Platoons Across LAC Units, Builds Underground Bunkers As Force Accelerates China-Focused Modernisation


The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) has significantly accelerated its modernisation drive along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China, raising dedicated drone platoons in all border battalions, developing specialised combat training, creating new commando units and constructing underground infrastructure as part of preparations for the changing nature of warfare.

Addressing personnel at an investiture ceremony ahead of the force's 65th Raising Day on October 24, ITBP Director General Shatrujeet Singh Kapoor said the traditional methods of warfare were no longer sufficient to counter China, describing Beijing as India's "biggest adversary" and the China frontier as the country's most challenging border.

The ITBP, raised in 1962 and tasked with guarding the 3,488-km-long LAC, is adapting to lessons emerging from recent global conflicts, particularly the extensive use of drones and anti-drone systems.

Kapoor told troops that modern warfare has undergone a profound transformation, arguing that drones have become both a challenge and an opportunity. He noted that countries with comparatively fewer conventional military resources can still impose substantial costs on larger powers through the effective use of unmanned systems.

"Drones have become a major challenge and an opportunity also. It will be difficult to compete with China using traditional methods... They have modernised and invested heavily in their PLA but drones are such that a small country can give a befitting contest to a bigger nation."

The ITBP chief cited recent conflicts as examples of how warfare is evolving, pointing to the prolonged Russia-Ukraine conflict as evidence that military superiority alone does not guarantee a quick victory.

"This is despite the fact that it (Russia) is a big country and a superpower. They (Russia) thought that they would capture (Ukraine) in 1-2 months but it is the fourth year counting, and every month they (Russians) have 10-15 thousand bodies reaching them."

He further observed that the conflict had inflicted immense costs and demonstrated the consequences of strategic miscalculations.

Referring to the Iran-US confrontation, Kapoor said the conflict further highlighted how modern military technologies can alter traditional power equations, reinforcing the need for India to rapidly embrace drone and anti-drone capabilities.

"The role of traditional armies has changed since the drones arrived, and we must embrace drone and anti-drone systems in a big way."

As part of this effort, the approximately 95,000-strong mountain warfare-trained force has received ₹400 crore from the government, with around 70 per cent allocated towards boosting drone warfare capabilities.

"Each border guarding battalion now has a drone platoon, and we are training drone pilots and building drones too."

Kapoor also disclosed that the Ministry of Home Affairs has granted in-principle approval for a larger ₹4,000-crore modernisation package, under which ₹1,000 crore will be devoted to drone and anti-drone systems.

The force has simultaneously introduced a new combat course called "Strike", designed to improve readiness in situations similar to the violent Galwan Valley clash of June 2020. The training program is expected to be completed across the entire force by the end of 2027.

The Galwan confrontation marked the deadliest India-China border clash in decades. Twenty Indian soldiers lost their lives during the encounter, while China officially acknowledged four fatalities, although various assessments suggested the actual number may have been higher.

Kapoor revealed that the ITBP has also raised a specialised combat unit known as the Shaurya Commandos. According to him, the commandos have already demonstrated their operational capabilities during the ongoing military standoff with Chinese People's Liberation Army troops at multiple locations in Arunachal Pradesh.

These commandos are planned for deployment across every border battalion, providing the force with a dedicated high-readiness combat element tailored for mountain operations.

Another major focus area is the construction of underground shelters and bunkers along the frontier. Kapoor said the force was undertaking this work "in a big way" after studying lessons from contemporary conflicts, where above-ground facilities can become vulnerable targets during high-intensity warfare.

A pilot project is already underway, with plans to develop underground shelters that offer the same level of comfort and operational functionality as conventional structures while providing substantially greater protection.

The ITBP has also concentrated on improving living conditions and operational effectiveness for personnel deployed in extreme high-altitude environments. Of 383 barracks located in regions experiencing sub-zero temperatures, 342 have already been insulated.

The force has additionally procured 141 generator sets to ensure reliable electricity at remote locations and installed solar water-heating systems across several facilities.

"This will help enhance the morale and confidence of the troops and improve the ITBP's operational preparedness."

Kapoor said a newly developed "cold start kit" now allows vehicles stationed in freezing conditions to start immediately, overcoming a long-standing challenge in high-altitude deployments.

"Many years ago when we were in Kosovo in sub zero temperatures the vehicles there used to start in one crank. We wondered why this wasn't happening here? We did some experiments and now we can do it."

The DG also urged personnel to maintain physical fitness, highlighting a revised dietary plan that reduces excessive sugar and oil consumption.

At the same time, he expressed concern over the increasing incidence of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS), saying cases within the force have doubled or tripled since 2020.

He warned troops about the dangers of both ADS and honey-trap attempts carried out through social media platforms, stressing the need to protect sensitive information and remain vigilant against intelligence-gathering efforts by hostile actors.

Alongside personnel reforms, the force is modernising weapons inventories, some of which date back nearly five decades, while also improving mobility through the acquisition of new all-terrain vehicles, ground mobility platforms and quick reaction vehicles.

Summing up the transformation effort, Kapoor said the ITBP had prepared a comprehensive roadmap to evolve into a specialised, high-altitude mountain fighting force capable of meeting the challenges posed by future conflicts along the China frontier.

PTI


MEA Says Chinese Patrol Deviations Disrupt Border Stability, Reiterates Peace Along LAC Vital For India-China Ties


India has said that the situation along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) continues to face periodic disturbances whenever Chinese forces depart from established patrolling patterns, with New Delhi stressing that peace and tranquillity in the border regions remain fundamental to the broader development of bilateral relations with China.

Speaking at the Ministry of External Affairs' bi-weekly media briefing, MEA spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal stated that such disruptions arise when Chinese troops diverge from previously established patrolling practices in sensitive frontier areas.

“As we have noted in the past, the situation in the India-China border areas gets disturbed from time to time when Chinese forces diverge from established patrolling patterns,” Jaiswal said.

He emphasised that both countries continue to engage through established diplomatic and military channels to address unresolved issues and reduce the risk of misunderstandings or miscalculations along the LAC.

“Both sides continue to use existing diplomatic and military mechanisms to resolve outstanding issues and avoid misunderstanding and miscalculation along the Line of Actual Control (LAC),” he said.

Jaiswal also noted that India and China have agreed to hold further discussions aimed at improving mutual understanding of the LAC in selected areas, a step intended to strengthen border management and reduce friction.

Underscoring India's broader position on the relationship, he added: “I would also like to emphasise that the maintenance of peace and tranquillity in the border areas is essential for the overall development of bilateral relations.”

The remarks came after Indo-Tibetan Border Police Director General Shatrujeet Kapur indicated that confrontations between Indian and Chinese troops continue to occur at several locations along the border in Arunachal Pradesh.

Kapur said the ITBP has undertaken a significant modernisation effort to strengthen operational readiness in challenging high-altitude environments.

According to the ITBP chief, the force has established drone platoons across all border units and introduced a new ‘Strike’ training course designed to prepare personnel for contingencies similar to the 2020 Galwan Valley clashes.

The comments highlight that, despite recent diplomatic progress between New Delhi and Beijing, sensitive areas along the frontier continue to witness periodic tensions linked to differing perceptions of the LAC.

India and China have, however, taken a series of steps over the past year to gradually stabilise relations after they deteriorated sharply following the deadly Galwan Valley clash in 2020 and the prolonged military standoff that persisted for more than four years.

A major breakthrough came in October 2024 when both sides finalised disengagement arrangements in Depsang and Demchok, the last remaining friction points in eastern Ladakh.

The agreement was widely viewed as an important milestone in efforts to reduce tensions and restore normal engagement mechanisms between the two Asian powers.

Shortly after the disengagement understanding was reached, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping met in Kazan, where they held discussions and agreed on a number of measures aimed at improving bilateral relations.

Diplomatic engagement continued thereafter, with Prime Minister Modi travelling to Tianjin in August last year for the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit.

On the sidelines of the SCO gathering, Modi and Xi held extensive discussions focused on managing differences, strengthening communication mechanisms and fostering greater stability in India-China relations.

While both sides have expanded dialogue and confidence-building measures since the Ladakh crisis, New Delhi's latest remarks underline that maintaining calm and preventing unilateral changes to established patrolling behaviour along the LAC remain central to sustaining progress in the relationship.

Agencies


India To Build Indigenous Military AI Layer As Defence Pushes Missile Production And Air Defence Modernisation


India is accelerating a major transformation of its defence architecture as it adapts to emerging challenges ranging from cyber threats to drone warfare. Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh said the country is simultaneously expanding domestic missile production and developing an indigenous Artificial Intelligence layer tailored specifically for military requirements.

Speaking at the Agrasar Bharat Manch event in New Delhi, Singh said India has already made substantial progress in creating a comprehensive multi-layered air defence network capable of responding to modern battlefield threats.

A central element of this effort is the creation of a sovereign military AI ecosystem. Singh stressed that AI is increasingly becoming critical for decision support, target acquisition, data fusion and the rapid integration of information into what military planners describe as a sensor-to-shooter loop.

“In the area of AI, because the use of AI as a way of decision support, target acquisition, you know, data fusion leading to a you know sensor to shoot a loop. That the kind of data that it involves is such that we have to develop our own AI layer for our military AI layer for our services.”

According to Singh, the government is working closely with the IndiaAI Mission to secure the computing infrastructure required for such systems. He noted that compute resources are already being procured and that defence authorities intend to leverage the capabilities of private-sector partners selected under the national AI initiative.

“We are working with the AI mission to develop that compute. For that is already being procured, and we intend to sort of piggyback on some of these private industry partners who have already been selected by the AI mission to help develop that AI layer for our armed forces.”

The emphasis on indigenous development stems from concerns surrounding technological sovereignty and the protection of highly sensitive military data. Singh argued that some critical technologies are too important to depend on overseas suppliers.

“Because nobody else will give you that technology, or because it's too critical a technology to rely on foreign companies. We intend to do it ourselves to the extent we can, but of course collaboration with friendly foreign countries will not be ruled out.”

The Defence Secretary also highlighted India's progress in integrating its air defence infrastructure through the Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS), which serves as the country's networked airspace management backbone.

He said the IACCS is fully connected across radar networks, ground installations, aerial platforms and air defence systems, creating a unified operational picture and supporting the broader vision of a layered indigenous air defence shield.

“India has taken early steps in that direction, our Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS), which is our airspace control system, is fully networked across platforms, across radar ground level, across our aerial platforms, and across our air defence systems.”

Singh explained that while India continues replacing ageing equipment with more advanced systems, the nature of modern warfare has unexpectedly increased the value of certain legacy platforms. Older air defence guns, once regarded as outdated, have regained relevance after being upgraded with modern radar and networking technologies.

Their renewed usefulness is largely driven by economics. Employing expensive interceptor missiles, which may cost between ₹5 crore and ₹10 crore each, against relatively inexpensive drones is often inefficient. Modernised anti-aircraft guns provide a lower-cost option for countering large volumes of unmanned threats.

The Defence Secretary pointed to the growing challenge posed by mass-produced kamikaze drones and loitering munitions, which can threaten high-value military assets at a fraction of the cost of conventional missile systems.

To address this changing reality, India is placing greater emphasis on boosting domestic production of conventional ballistic missiles and other precision weapons. Singh argued that larger production runs would reduce unit costs while ensuring adequate stockpiles for future contingencies.

“Increasing the scale of production of ballistic missiles is also quite critical because then you bring down the cost, which is what the Iranians have shown as well.”

He revealed that one of the first decisions taken during his tenure as Chairman of DRDO was to place conventional missile technologies developed over the years into the public domain for wider industrial participation.

As part of this strategy, technology transfers have already been provided, or are being processed, for a broad range of missile systems. Singh said nearly 17 major private and public-sector companies are involved in either acquiring production technologies or preparing to do so.

He emphasised that future conflicts are likely to require significantly larger quantities of drones, missiles and precision-guided weapons than previously anticipated. Building industrial surge capacity, therefore, is not only necessary for wartime readiness but also an important component of long-term deterrence.

The broader initiative reflects India's ongoing shift towards self-reliance in advanced defence technologies, with policymakers increasingly seeking domestic ownership of critical technologies, intellectual property, software and production capabilities.

Alongside AI, missile manufacturing and integrated air defence networks, the wider modernisation drive is also expected to strengthen India's preparedness for technology-driven warfare in the decades ahead.

Agencies


India Emerges As Europe’s Third-Largest Arms Supplier As Defence Exports Reach Record High


India has rapidly emerged as the third-largest exporter of arms to Europe, according to Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh, highlighting a major shift in the country's position within the global defence industry.

Speaking at the KPMG Agrasar Bharat Manch 2026 event in New Delhi, Singh said the rise has been driven by growing European demand under the Rearm Europe initiative and by the expansion of India's domestic defence manufacturing ecosystem.

He noted that India's long-term objective has been to build a much broader defence industrial base. What was once heavily centred around approximately 16 public sector defence companies has evolved into a significantly larger ecosystem encompassing private industry, small and medium enterprises, and a rapidly expanding Start-Up sector.

According to Singh, the benefits of this transformation are now becoming visible both economically and operationally.

He stated, "In India, on the other hand, for the last 10 years, we've seen tremendous growth in our defence ecosystem. We now have almost 840 odd companies with industrial licences that are large and medium-sized, and some 17,000 small and medium enterprises, including Start-Ups. And the result of this diversified industrial base is becoming visible in terms of the value of domestic sales, which are now almost 17 billion euros."

The Defence Secretary revealed that India's defence exports have reached an all-time high of ₹38,424 crore, equivalent to approximately 3.6 billion euros.

Highlighting the country's growing role in Europe, Singh said, "Our exports have reached an all-time high of 38,424 crores, which is about 3.6 billion euros, and I was reading a Bloomberg report yesterday, which said that suddenly over the last year, India became the third largest exporter of arms to Europe, mainly because of the Rearm Europe initiative."

He added that a substantial volume of standard ammunition, artillery shells, and both large- and small-calibre ammunition has been exported to European customers as the continent accelerates efforts to replenish military stockpiles and strengthen defence preparedness.

India currently exports defence equipment to more than 80 countries worldwide.

Singh said government policy seeks to ensure that around 75 per cent of annual defence capital expenditure, estimated at between $20 billion and $25 billion, is spent within the country. He stressed that procurement priorities remain focused on IDDM, or Indian-designed, developed and manufactured systems, in order to strengthen technological sovereignty.

The Defence Secretary explained that Indian exports now cover a wide spectrum of military products rather than only ammunition.

"I mentioned that suddenly out the globe, we become the third largest whatever arms to Europe, one, mainly because of the artillery. In addition, we export a variety of equipment, including everything from bulletproof jackets and helmets to small arms," he said.

He added that many buyers, particularly in Southeast Asia, are engaged in public negotiations and contracts covering numerous categories of defence equipment.

These exports include defence components, small arms, artillery systems, gun systems and a range of tactical military products, reflecting the increasing maturity of India's defence manufacturing sector.

Singh also pointed to India's changing defence procurement landscape. While Russia historically served as India's largest defence supplier, he said that dependence has steadily reduced as New Delhi diversified its partnerships.

"We still have a lot of our equipment that is of Russian origin, but over time that dependence has come down and we diversified; we already have fairly strong bilateral relations with some European countries, France in particular. But also with several other countries as well."

He noted that France now accounts for roughly 15 per cent of India's defence imports, while Israel holds a similar share. He also highlighted growing strategic alignment with countries such as Greece and Cyprus, which he recently visited.

Looking ahead, Singh said India intends to strengthen its participation in Europe's defence industrial landscape through joint ventures rather than direct involvement alone.

"India intends to increasingly take part in Europe's arms procurement program. Not directly, but by setting up joint ventures in Europe."

He added that Indian firms establishing joint ventures in Europe would gain access to European government procurement opportunities, while European companies could establish partnerships in India to participate in the country's expanding defence market.

At the same time, he stressed that foreign companies seeking to benefit from Indian procurement opportunities would continue to be required to meet local manufacturing obligations under the Make in India framework.

Singh observed that European localisation requirements generally stand at around 25 per cent, compared with India's minimum requirement of 50 per cent, although the overall objectives behind both frameworks are broadly similar.

He expressed hope that future cooperation would lead to deeper integration between Indian and European defence supply chains, creating stronger industrial partnerships and opening new opportunities for manufacturers on both sides.

The remarks underscore the growing international competitiveness of India's defence industry, which has expanded from a predominantly state-led sector into a vast network of public enterprises, private companies, SMEs and Start-Ups.

Rising exports, record domestic sales, increasing ammunition demand from Europe and expanding international partnerships collectively signal India's emergence as an increasingly important player in the global defence market.

ANI



'Right To Health Is Integral To Right To Life': Arun Govil Showcases India's Judicial Health Rights Framework At UN


India has highlighted its evolving legal and constitutional approach to healthcare at the United Nations, with BJP MP Arun Govil underscoring how the country's judiciary has strengthened health rights through a broad interpretation of Article 21 of the Constitution, which guarantees the right to life.

Speaking during an interactive dialogue with the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, Govil said the theme of ensuring justice and accountability through the justiciability of health rights closely reflects India's own experience.

He noted that over the years, the Supreme Court has consistently expanded the scope of the right to life to include the right to health.

Govil welcomed the report's focus on challenges that prevent people from fully exercising their health rights, including financial barriers, language difficulties, geographical distance and limited legal awareness. He also acknowledged concerns regarding corporate influence and accountability in matters affecting public health.

"We thank the Special Rapporteur for touching upon a timely and relevant theme in the report. We note the concerns it raises, that is, barriers of cost, language, distance and legal awareness impact a citizen's ability to enjoy the right to health. The SR also flags corporate power that evades accountability," he said.

He praised the inclusion of examples of successful policies and legal practices from different countries, stressing that such exchanges enable member states to learn from one another. "We particularly appreciate the focus of the report on good practices from across the globe, which helps member states learn from one another," Govil stated.

Drawing attention to landmark judicial decisions, Govil highlighted that the Supreme Court recognised health and medical care as fundamental rights decades ago. Referring to a 1995 judgement concerning workers' welfare, he noted that employers were directed to provide health insurance and safe working conditions, reinforcing the principle that economic and industrial development must not come at the expense of workers' health.

"As early as 1995, the court held that the right to health and medical care are fundamental rights and directed employers to provide health insurance and a safe working environment to workers so that industrial growth did not come at the cost of their health," he said.

Govil also pointed to judicial interventions aimed at protecting patients' access to emergency medical treatment and improving healthcare infrastructure. These rulings, he suggested, have played a significant role in strengthening accountability within the healthcare system and ensuring that essential medical services remain accessible.

Addressing broader determinants of health, he said Indian courts have repeatedly linked environmental protection with the right to life. He noted that the judiciary has recognised a clean and healthy environment as an essential component of Article 21 and highlighted a 2024 ruling that acknowledged freedom from the adverse effects of climate change as a constitutional right.

"Our courts have also addressed the determinants of health. They have recognised a clean, healthy environment as integral to Article 21. In 2024, the court recognised freedom from the adverse effects of climate change as a right under our Constitution," Govil said.

The BJP MP further referred to recent judicial directions concerning front-of-pack warning labels on packaged food products, connecting the issue to the commercial determinants of health. He also welcomed the Special Rapporteur's reference to an Indian Supreme Court judgement relating to access to reproductive healthcare.

Concluding his remarks, Govil reiterated India's commitment to expanding affordable and equitable healthcare access. He emphasised that significant reforms have been undertaken to improve accessibility, affordability and fairness across the healthcare system and reaffirmed the country's goal of ensuring quality healthcare services for every citizen.

"India has overhauled its healthcare system to ensure accessibility, affordability and equity. We remain committed to ensuring that every citizen has access to affordable and quality healthcare services," he stated.

ANI


India To Build Vibrant Civil Defence Network Through Landmark Army-Led Training Initiative


India is set to strengthen its national preparedness architecture through a first-of-its-kind joint initiative between the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and the Indian Army to build a vibrant Civil Defence network capable of responding to emerging security challenges, emergency situations and threats to critical infrastructure.

The initiative forms part of a broader vision outlined by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his Independence Day address from the Red Fort on 15 August 2026, where he called for the creation of a modern Civil Defence framework equipped with advanced systems, technologies and contemporary preparedness capabilities.

As the first step towards that objective, the Directorate General of Fire Services, Civil Defence and Home Guards (DGFSCDHG), under the Ministry of Home Affairs and in coordination with the Indian Army, will conduct a specialised three-day training program for Civil Defence Master Trainers.

The pilot phase will cover 12 states and Union Territories, namely Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Delhi, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

A total of 600 Civil Defence Master Trainers, with 50 participants drawn from each state and Union Territory, will undergo training at designated Indian Army training establishments. The training is scheduled to be completed by the second week of November 2026.

The curriculum has been structured around three key pillars: threat awareness, protection and emergency response, and communication and coordination.

Under the threat awareness component, participants will receive instruction on modern and hybrid warfare, drone awareness and air-raid threats, reflecting the growing importance of non-traditional and technology-driven security challenges.

The second module will focus on protection and emergency response. Trainees will be taught critical infrastructure protection, fire safety, Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) awareness, casualty management, and search-and-rescue operations.

The communication and coordination module will address emergency communications, cyber hygiene, digital resilience, civil-military coordination and incident command, all of which are increasingly recognised as essential elements of effective crisis management.

A distinctive feature of the initiative is its cascading training model. Following the specialised instruction, each Master Trainer will be responsible for training 100 Civil Defence volunteers within their respective state or Union Territory.

According to the Ministry of Home Affairs,"This cascading mechanism has the potential to extend specialised preparedness skills to 60,000 Civil Defence volunteers across the 12 participating states and UTs, thereby significantly expanding the reach and impact of the initiative."

The government believes the program will substantially improve institutional preparedness by combining the Indian Army's operational expertise with the extensive Civil Defence volunteer network already present across the country.

Officials have described the effort as an important step towards deeper civil-military coordination, helping volunteers and local authorities respond more effectively to emergencies, security incidents and large-scale disasters.

The initiative is also intended to strengthen protection of critical infrastructure and improve coordinated emergency response mechanisms at both local and regional levels.

The Ministry of Home Affairs stated, "It will enhance preparedness for emerging threats, coordinated emergency response and critical infrastructure protection."

Based on the results of the pilot phase, the government plans to expand the program gradually to the remaining states and Union Territories, supporting the Prime Minister's vision of a "robust, responsive and future-ready Vibrant Civil Defence network" capable of addressing India's evolving security and disaster-management requirements.

The Other DONALD: NATO Nation Poland Turns To India As Strategic Ties Deepen Amid Growing Russia Concerns


Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s visit to India marks another significant step in the rapidly expanding partnership between Warsaw and New Delhi, as both countries seek to transform political goodwill into concrete economic and strategic cooperation.

The visit follows Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s landmark trip to Poland in 2024, during which bilateral relations were elevated to a Strategic Partnership.

During high-level discussions, India and Poland explored deeper collaboration across a range of strategic sectors, including defence manufacturing, space technology, satellite systems, nuclear energy, advanced technologies and industrial investment.

Both sides are also focusing on joint research, co-development and co-production initiatives that could strengthen their long-term economic and security interests.

Tusk described Modi as a “beacon of hope” and praised India’s growing international role during a period of global uncertainty and instability. He emphasised that Poland values India’s influence on the world stage and sees considerable potential for cooperation in cutting-edge sectors such as space, digital technology, satellites and advanced military systems.

Defence cooperation emerged as a major focus of the visit. India invited Polish companies to participate in co-development and co-production projects, while both nations agreed to expand engagement between their defence industries. Plans for a dedicated defence industry dialogue are expected to create new opportunities for collaboration in military manufacturing, technology transfer and strategic programs.

Space and satellite cooperation also featured prominently in the discussions. Both countries are examining opportunities to deepen collaboration in satellite technologies and related applications. Poland views India’s expanding space capabilities as an area where shared expertise and investment can generate mutual benefits.

Nuclear energy was identified as another pillar of future cooperation. Alongside discussions on clean energy and technology partnerships, both sides explored ways to strengthen collaboration in energy security and power generation as they pursue long-term economic growth objectives.

Economic ties continue to gain momentum. Bilateral trade has grown to more than $6.3 billion, rising significantly over the past decade. India exports pharmaceuticals, textiles, chemicals, engineering products, vehicles and electrical equipment to Poland, while importing machinery, chemicals, metals and specialised manufactured goods.

Both governments have set an ambitious target of doubling bilateral trade by 2030, with some discussions highlighting a broader aspiration of reaching the $10 billion mark through increased investment, industrial cooperation and improved market access.

Business engagement formed an important component of the visit, with trade and investment forums bringing together companies and officials to explore new partnerships. Tusk’s program also included engagements with representatives from the information technology, defence innovation and space sectors in Bangalore, reflecting Poland’s strong interest in India’s growing technology ecosystem.

The relationship is supported by longstanding historical goodwill. During the Second World War, Indian princely states provided refuge to displaced Polish civilians, creating a people-to-people connection that remains deeply respected in Poland today. This legacy continues to reinforce the sense of trust and friendship between the two nations.

For Poland, one of the fastest-growing economies in the European Union and a key member of NATO’s eastern flank, India represents a vast market, an increasingly influential global power and a valuable long-term partner.

For India, Poland offers a gateway to Central and Eastern Europe, greater engagement within the European Union and stronger access to European industrial supply chains.

As geopolitical uncertainty continues and Europe reassesses its security partnerships, both countries appear determined to look beyond geographical distance and build a relationship rooted in strategic convergence, economic opportunity and shared long-term interests.

The growing India-Poland partnership is increasingly being viewed as a practical framework capable of delivering substantial economic gains and stronger strategic cooperation for both nations.

Agencies


US Military Bars BYD Vehicles From Key Okinawa Air Base Over Security Concerns


The United States military has announced a ban on vehicles manufactured by Chinese electric vehicle giant BYD from entering Kadena Air Base in Japan, citing security concerns linked to the presence of the vehicles at the strategically important installation.

The restriction will come into force on Monday at Kadena Air Base on Okinawa, according to earlier reports by South Korea's Yonhap news agency. The facility is one of the most important US air power hubs in the Indo-Pacific and is situated along Japan's south-western island chain near the East China Sea.

Explaining the decision, base spokesperson Lieutenant Colonel Alli Stormer said: “These vehicles present an unacceptable and unmitigable risk to our personnel and our mission.”

However, she did not disclose the specific issue that prompted the installation's commander to impose the ban on the Chinese-made electric vehicles.

BYD had not responded to requests for comment at the time the decision was announced.

The move comes amid growing scrutiny in Washington of Chinese technology and connected vehicles. Modern electric vehicles are equipped with an array of cameras, sensors and communications systems, which have increasingly become the focus of security debates in several countries.

BYD has emerged as one of the world's most prominent electric vehicle manufacturers and surpassed Tesla in 2025 to become the largest seller of battery-electric vehicles globally.

The company has also been accelerating its international expansion strategy, with Japan becoming one of its key overseas targets.

In July, BYD launched its Racco electric minicar in Japan as part of efforts to gain market share in a country traditionally dominated by domestic automotive brands.

The latest restriction also follows a decision by the Pentagon in June to designate BYD, alongside Alibaba, Baidu and NIO, as companies it believes support China's military-industrial ecosystem.

BYD strongly rejected that designation, arguing that there was no justification for its inclusion and stating that it would pursue administrative and legal measures to defend its interests.

The designation does not amount to sanctions, but it reflects growing US concerns regarding links between certain Chinese commercial enterprises and Beijing's broader national security objectives.

The decision at Kadena Air Base highlights the increasing overlap between technology, transport infrastructure and security policy as geopolitical competition between Washington and Beijing continues to intensify.

China has previously adopted comparable measures involving foreign vehicle manufacturers.

In 2021, Chinese authorities barred Tesla vehicles from entering some government compounds because of concerns surrounding the cameras installed on the cars and the potential collection of sensitive information.

Beijing later removed those restrictions in 2024 after Tesla received support from China's leading automotive industry association.

The ban at Kadena Air Base therefore represents the latest example of governments and military organisations taking a more cautious approach towards connected vehicle technologies, particularly when they are deployed near sensitive military facilities or strategic defence infrastructure.

Agencies


China’s Tungsten Export Ban Drive Global Supply Race As Strategic Metal Prices Surge


Tungsten prices have climbed to record levels since China, the world's dominant producer of the strategic metal, tightened export controls in 2025, sparking growing concern across industrial and defence supply chains.

The restrictions have compelled manufacturers worldwide to seek alternative sources of supply as access to the critical raw material becomes increasingly uncertain.

Reflecting the growing importance of the market, CME Group has announced plans to launch a dedicated tungsten futures contract by early next year, seeking to improve price transparency and help industry participants manage rising volatility.

Known for possessing the highest melting point of any metal at 3,422°C, tungsten combines exceptional hardness, approaching that of diamond, with a density comparable to gold.

Those characteristics make it indispensable for industrial cutting and drilling tools, mining equipment, automotive manufacturing and aerospace production.

The metal is also used to create highly durable alloys capable of withstanding extreme heat and corrosion, making it especially valuable for aerospace, energy and defence applications.

Global tungsten production is estimated at approximately 85,000 tons annually, a relatively modest figure compared with major industrial metals such as copper and nickel. At current market prices of roughly $230 per kilogram, CME Group estimates the global tungsten market is worth more than $20 billion.

China remains overwhelmingly dominant across the tungsten supply chain. The country accounts for around 79 per cent of global mine production, while Vietnam, the second-largest producer, contributes just 3.5 per cent.

According to US estimates, China also controls roughly 53 per cent of global tungsten reserves.

Its influence extends even further into processing and refining, where Chinese facilities account for approximately 86 per cent of global output, giving Beijing substantial leverage over international supply.

The tightening of export controls came amid wider geopolitical and trade tensions. China introduced stricter licensing requirements for several critical minerals, including tungsten, while also curbing domestic mining quotas.

The resulting supply squeeze has pushed international prices dramatically higher, with some benchmark tungsten products rising from below $500 to more than $3,000 per metric tonne.

The impact is already being felt by manufacturers dependent on tungsten-based tooling and machinery.

Last April, Nicolas Dufourcq, chief executive of France's public investment bank Bpifrance, warned of mounting pressure on European industry.

"Tungsten is the key metal used in metal-cutting tools, which must be replaced regularly. Over the past nine months, we have therefore been using our old tools," he said.

He added that manufacturers attempting to purchase replacements were effectively being told by suppliers: "you're going to buy Chinese cutting tools".

Governments and companies are now accelerating efforts to diversify supply chains and reduce dependence on Chinese material. Among strategic mineral initiatives backed by the European Union, five projects involve tungsten production, refining or recycling.

These include Spain's El Moto mine, operated by Abenojar Tungsten and expected to begin production in early 2029, as well as the Borralha project in Portugal.

In France, attention has returned to the former Salau tungsten mine in the Ariège region, with business leaders increasingly framing its potential reopening as a matter of national sovereignty.

Elsewhere, Australia's historic Dolphin Mine on King Island is also being revived.

Originally opened in 1917, the operation shut down in 1992 after years of depressed prices driven by abundant Chinese supply.

Today, however, the strategic environment has changed markedly.

"The main challenge is ensuring security of supply outside of China. This makes our project an important part of the equation," said Kevin Pallas, head of Group 6 Metals, which owns the mine.

Industry experts note that increasing mine production alone will not solve the problem because much of the world's refining and processing capacity remains concentrated in China. Tungsten is sometimes referred to as a "war metal" because of its role in military applications, particularly armour-piercing ammunition and other advanced weapons systems.

However, defence uses represent only a portion of total demand.

According to Pallas, military applications account for roughly 13 per cent of annual tungsten consumption. Most demand continues to come from broader industrial sectors, including mining, construction, manufacturing and energy.

Analysts behind the CyclOpe commodities report believe those sectors will remain major growth drivers through 2030, supporting strong long-term demand even as countries race to build alternative supply chains and reduce their dependence on China’s dominance of the tungsten market.

Agencies