IIT-Jodhpur’s Indigenous High-Temperature Alloy Could Transform India’s Defence, Aviation And Space Capabilities

In a significant breakthrough that could have far-reaching implications for India’s strategic and high-technology sectors, researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jodhpur have developed an advanced lightweight alloy capable of withstanding extreme operating conditions while offering exceptional resistance to oxidation at temperatures as high as 1,000°C.

The research, led by Dr Saurabh Nene, Associate Professor in the Department of Materials Engineering, has resulted in the creation of a new-generation lightweight, high-strength metal classified as a Niobium-based Refractory Complex Lean Alloy (RCLA). The material has been specifically engineered for demanding environments where high temperatures and oxidation pose major challenges to conventional metals.

The research team comprised Dr Dharmendra Yadav, Dr Akshat Datta and PhD research scholar Aditya Balpande. Their findings have been published in an international journal by Elsevier. The project aimed to develop a metal that combines low weight, high strength, resistance to extreme temperatures and ease of shaping at room temperature.

Such characteristics are increasingly important for next-generation aerospace and defence applications. Potential uses include hypersonic vehicles, rocket engines, atmospheric re-entry spacecraft and advanced military systems where materials are routinely subjected to severe thermal and mechanical stresses.

A notable aspect of the project is that it was conceived, designed, fabricated, processed and tested entirely within IIT-Jodhpur, without assistance from foreign institutions. The achievement highlights India’s growing capability in the field of advanced materials and supports the country’s broader push towards technological self-reliance in strategically important sectors.

The newly developed alloy has the potential to overcome several limitations associated with existing high-temperature materials, including the widely used niobium-based C-103 alloy. Traditional high-temperature metals often deliver excellent strength but are typically heavier, more difficult to form at room temperature and vulnerable to oxidation when exposed to extreme heat.

To address these issues, the IIT-Jodhpur team adopted an innovative ‘Complex Lean Alloy’ (CLA) design approach. Rather than relying heavily on costly and dense alloying elements, the methodology identifies optimal elemental combinations and proportions to achieve enhanced material performance while maintaining lower weight.

The resulting alloy has a density of approximately 7.6 grams per cubic centimetre, making it considerably lighter than many conventional high-temperature alloys, which generally range between 10 and 12 grams per cubic centimetre or more. It is also lighter than established niobium-based alloys such as C-103 and WC3009, whose densities are typically around 9 to 10 grams per cubic centimetre.

Reduced weight is a critical advantage in aviation, space and defence applications, as it can improve fuel efficiency, enhance operational performance and allow platforms to carry larger payloads or additional equipment without compromising capability.

One of the alloy’s most significant strengths is its outstanding resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures. During testing, researchers exposed the material to a temperature of 1,000°C for 24 continuous hours. The alloy recorded a surface weight gain of just 43.48 milligrams per square centimetre due to oxidation.

Under identical test conditions, the conventional C-103 alloy exhibited a weight gain of 258 milligrams per square centimetre. The comparison demonstrated that the new material offers substantially greater oxidation resistance than one of the industry’s established high-temperature alloys.

Dr Nene explained that a dense protective layer forms on the alloy’s surface when exposed to high temperatures. “This layer prevents oxygen from penetrating the metal, thereby slowing down the oxidation process. During testing, there were no clear signs of ‘pesting’, a form of degradation caused by oxidation,” he said.

The alloy also demonstrated impressive mechanical performance at room temperature. Tests showed it could withstand a compressive strain of approximately 29 per cent while maintaining structural integrity. Its room-temperature yield strength was measured at 1.13 GPa, indicating its ability to retain strength under substantial loading conditions.

Beyond its individual performance metrics, the development represents a strong foundation for future indigenous materials research in India. As aerospace platforms, hypersonic systems and advanced propulsion technologies continue to evolve, demand is increasing globally for materials that can deliver lower weight, higher efficiency and improved thermal durability.

The IIT-Jodhpur breakthrough demonstrates how Indian research institutions are beginning to address these requirements through home-grown innovation, potentially opening new opportunities for the country’s defence, aviation and space industries in the years ahead.

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India’s Ocean Lifeline: Why the Strait of Malacca Holds The Key To Its Energy and Economic Security

The Indian Ocean is not merely a geographical space surrounding India. It is the maritime artery through which the country's economy, energy security and trade connectivity flow every day. From crude oil imports to container shipping, the sea lanes stretching across the region remain essential to India's growth and stability.

One statistic illustrates the scale of this importance. The Strait of Malacca, positioned between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, handled approximately 23.2 million barrels of oil per day during the first half of 2025, making it the world's busiest oil chokepoint.

India's strategically located Andaman and Nicobar Islands sit near the western entrance to this critical maritime passage, giving New Delhi a unique vantage point over one of the most important trade routes on the planet.

Most of the resources that keep India's economy running arrive by sea. The country imports the majority of its crude oil requirements, with tankers carrying energy supplies across the Indian Ocean from West Asia. Any disruption along these routes can have direct consequences for India's energy security and economic stability.

The same maritime network underpins India's vast trade links with global markets. Container traffic moving through major ports such as Mumbai, Mundra, Chennai and Visakhapatnam relies on uninterrupted access to the sea lanes connecting West Asia, Africa, Europe and East Asia. These shipping corridors carry everything from manufactured goods and industrial components to consumer products that support domestic industries and international commerce.

The significance of the maritime chokepoints is highlighted by the data shown in the accompanying graphic. The Strait of Malacca handled 23.2 million barrels per day during the first half of 2025, ahead of the Strait of Hormuz at 20.9 million barrels per day.

Other key chokepoints include the Cape of Good Hope at 9.1 million barrels per day, the Danish Straits and the Suez Canal at 4.9 million barrels per day each, Bab el-Mandeb at 4.2 million barrels per day and the Turkish Straits at 3.7 million barrels per day. The data demonstrates that a significant share of global energy trade converges at a handful of vulnerable maritime passageways, many of which are directly linked to India's trade and energy lifelines.

The concentration of such immense volumes of oil through a few narrow routes creates strategic vulnerabilities. A blockage, conflict, accident or security crisis at any point between the Strait of Hormuz and the Strait of Malacca can quickly disrupt global supply chains. For India, such interruptions often translate into higher energy costs, increased shipping expenses and pressure on domestic fuel prices within weeks.

This strategic reality explains why the Indian Ocean remains India's true frontier. Beyond territorial waters, the region serves as a bridge between energy producers in West Asia, manufacturing centres in East Asia and consumer markets across the world. Control, awareness and security across these waters are therefore closely tied to India's economic resilience and national interests.

As global trade volumes continue to expand and geopolitical competition intensifies across the Indo-Pacific, India's location at the centre of the Indian Ocean provides a natural strategic advantage. 

Combined with the forward position of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands near the approaches to the Strait of Malacca, India is uniquely placed to monitor, secure and benefit from some of the world's most consequential maritime routes.

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China Unveils Closer Look At GJ-11 Stealth Combat Drone In New Official Footage

China has released fresh footage of its GJ-11 stealth combat drone, providing the most detailed public view yet of the unmanned aircraft's design and key systems. The imagery, broadcast by CCTV ahead of the 77th anniversary of the People's Liberation Army Air Force, showcased the aircraft's internal weapons bays, engine exhaust arrangement and electro-optical targeting system.

The GJ-11 is a tailless flying-wing unmanned combat aerial vehicle designed for missions ranging from precision strike operations to the suppression of enemy air defences. Its configuration prioritises stealth, with weapons carried internally rather than on external hardpoints in order to minimise radar visibility.

Among the most significant revelations were two internal weapons bays located beneath the fuselage. The bay doors feature serrated edges, a design intended to reduce radar reflections.

While Chinese authorities have not disclosed the drone's exact weapons load, the dimensions of the compartments indicate capacity for guided air-to-surface munitions.

The footage also offered a clearer view of the aircraft's stealth-focused exhaust design. The flattened outlet is positioned along the upper rear fuselage, helping shield engine heat from observers and sensors below while reducing the drone's infrared signature. A dorsal air intake further contributes to the aircraft's low-observable characteristics.

Observers also noted the aircraft's substantial central fuselage section, which could accommodate significant internal fuel reserves. Although Beijing has not released official performance figures, the configuration is consistent with a platform designed for extended-range operations.

Another newly highlighted feature is an electro-optical targeting system mounted beneath the nose. The relatively compact forward fuselage has prompted speculation over the size of any onboard radar installation, leading some analysts to suggest the aircraft may rely partly on targeting information received through data links from other platforms.

Chinese state media has portrayed the GJ-11 as a key component of future manned-unmanned teaming operations. Previous footage showed the drone flying alongside Chengdu J-20 stealth fighters and Shenyang J-16D electronic warfare aircraft, demonstrating an ability to operate in conjunction with crewed combat assets. However, the degree of autonomy exercised by the platform and the extent of pilot control remain unclear.

Earlier Chinese concept imagery has also suggested that the two-seat J-20S variant could act as an airborne controller for multiple GJ-11 drones during complex combat missions. The aircraft is widely viewed as part of China's broader effort to develop advanced collaborative combat capabilities.

The GJ-11 first came to public attention during China's National Day military parade in 2019. Known in some reports as the "Xuanlong" or "Dark Dragon", the platform is believed to have entered service in limited numbers, although Beijing has not disclosed fleet size, combat radius or payload capacity.

State media has claimed the drone is capable of penetrating heavily defended airspace, conducting precision strikes and supporting suppression of enemy air defence missions. CCTV also reported that the aircraft completed an initial live-fire strike mission, though officials provided no details regarding the timing, location or weapon employed. According to Chinese reporting, operators involved in the mission successfully engaged the target despite adverse weather conditions.

The latest disclosures come shortly after China announced that the GJ-21, a naval derivative of the same aircraft family, had completed take-off and landing trials aboard the CNS Sichuan, a Type 076 amphibious assault ship equipped with an electromagnetic catapult system. However, no footage of the claimed shipboard operations has been released, meaning the achievement cannot yet be independently verified.

Taken together, the newly released imagery offers the clearest indication yet of how the GJ-11 has evolved from a parade exhibit into what appears to be an operational stealth strike platform, providing a stronger insight into China's ambitions for next-generation unmanned air combat systems.

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Raman-1 Thruster Passes Hot Fire Trial in Readiness For Vikram-1 Second Mission

Indian aerospace Start-Up Skyroot Aerospace has successfully validated its Raman-1 engine on the test stand. The thruster serves as the primary roll control mechanism for the Vikram-1 launch vehicle, ensuring essential attitude stability by governing rotation along its primary axis.

This is the thruster that controls Vikram-1’s roll, the rotation around the rocket’s long axis, so the vehicle holds its orientation in flight.

The successful static fire test marks a crucial qualification step ahead of Vikram-1’s second flight attempt. The liquid-fuel thruster operates on hypergolic propellants, enabling rapid ignition and precise pulses required for trajectory correction.

Skyroot Aerospace, headquartered out of Bangalore, continues to advance private orbital launch capabilities in India. Following the initial launch of Vikram-1 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, the firm is preparing integrated sub-systems for subsequent commercial mission mandates.

Hardware integration for the upcoming mission is currently progressing at the launch facility. The roll control thruster assembly will undergo final stage integration to support payload deployment accuracy into low Earth orbit.

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China A Clear And Present Threat To India's Security And Strategic Architecture: ORF Chief Samir Saran

China poses a direct and long-term challenge to India's political, economic and security architecture, not only through its military posture along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) but also through a sophisticated strategy that combines economic leverage, supply chain dominance, grey-zone tactics and the use of non-state actors, according to Observer Research Foundation President Samir Saran.

Speaking on the changing nature of global power, Saran argued that the 2020s have fundamentally altered the rules of geopolitics and warfare. Traditional superpowers can no longer impose their will solely through military strength or large naval formations. Instead, smaller actors equipped with asymmetric capabilities, inexpensive drones and the ability to disrupt trade and commerce can impose significant strategic costs on major powers.

Saran pointed to India's refining sector as an example of how processing capability can create geopolitical influence. He highlighted the Jamnagar refining complex, arguing that India's ability to import crude oil and transform it into refined products has made the country a major player in global energy markets despite its dependence on imported energy.

"Jamnagar made us a heavyweight in the energy business. Imagine a country which literally imports all of its energy, has a say on the global energy sweepstakes, simply because you are the capital of refining... It's like China and rare earth refining capabilities," he said.

According to Saran, the real source of China's influence in critical minerals lies not in ownership of raw resources but in processing dominance. "China is not 90% of rare earth.

China is 90% of refining of rare earth. It comes from everywhere, from Bolivia, Argentina."

The comparison highlights a broader concern. China's commanding position in rare earth processing, battery materials and manufacturing supply chains gives Beijing considerable leverage over industries worldwide. Control over refining and intermediate manufacturing allows strategic influence that extends well beyond conventional military power.

Saran argued that India's refining expertise gives it a degree of influence during global disruptions, including potential crises affecting critical maritime chokepoints such as the Strait of Hormuz and Bab al-Mandab. He suggested that international recognition of these capabilities explains why senior foreign leaders increasingly engage with major industrial centres like Jamnagar.

"And it was an acknowledgement of that particular reality that, in my view, made Rubio come to Jamnagar... I think you have some capability... it is an acknowledgement of the capabilities around refining, around the energy markets," he said.

While India has made rapid advances in electronics manufacturing and high-technology production, Saran warned that strategic competitors would not remain passive.

He said China would inevitably seek to create obstacles for India's industrial expansion.

"China is going to put roadblocks for any manufacturing that we are doing... Listen, no one agreed to anything. China also know that they could not stop it... You are stating the obvious. No one is going to shoot itself."

At the same time, he dismissed suggestions that China can permanently obstruct India's rise, noting that history shows major economic transformations are difficult to prevent once they gather momentum.

"Has anyone in the last 100 years been able to stop growth? Even in the most powerful American avatar, could they stop the Chinese?"

To reduce vulnerabilities, Saran argued that India must replicate the success of Jamnagar across other strategic sectors. He called for large-scale investments in rare earth processing, advanced electronics and semiconductor supply chains, positioning India as a credible alternative within global diversification efforts.

"This should actually be a moment of great realization that what Jamnagar did to refining or what India has been able to do in refining, can we replicate in other domains as well? Can we in the next decade become the second or the largest refining capital of rare earths in the world? Can we create the rare earth refineries to... give the world an option of China plus one?" he said.

Reliance's Jamnagar complex, with refining capacity of roughly 1.4 million barrels per day, demonstrates how large-scale industrial infrastructure can transform a nation's strategic relevance. Saran believes similar approaches can attract capital, talent and resource flows essential for India's ambition to become a significantly larger economy.

"The entrepreneurial spirit of India is to make India the most exciting place to invest into... right now, when we have to move from $4.5-$5 trillion to $10-$15-$20 trillion, we have to find that big capital flows opportunity. We have to find the big talent flows. We have to find the big resource flows. We have to become the hub."

Saran also argued that recent conflicts have confirmed the emergence of a genuinely multipolar world. Developments in Europe and the Middle East, he said, demonstrate that even the largest powers face increasing constraints and cannot dominate the international system unilaterally.

"Today you have seen both in Europe and in Asia that superpowers are having a tough time. And perhaps this is one clear sign that it is a multipolar world. You know, the debate of multipolarity has been settled in the battlefields of Europe and in the waters of the Middle East, that there are no superpowers left."

Within this environment, India faces security challenges that extend beyond conventional military threats. Saran warned that hostile states can increasingly exploit supply chains, maritime routes and economic interconnectedness through grey-zone operations and indirect coercion.

Drawing lessons from disruptions in the Red Sea, he noted that non-state actors have demonstrated how relatively low-cost actions can affect global trade. Such tactics effectively create economic consequences similar to sanctions without relying on formal financial mechanisms.

"What the Iranians have done is shown to the world that if you don't have the might of a dollar architecture... you can actually do a physical equivalent of economic sanctions. Iran has inflicted an economic sanction on the world that 'You will sanction me; I will sanction you.'"

He cautioned that similar methods could be employed closer to India. Beijing, he suggested, could theoretically utilise unofficial maritime actors, swarm vessels or other deniable mechanisms to impede specific trade flows while avoiding direct military confrontation.

"Today you could have tomorrow... some clever country to our north, the Chinese, could have their unofficial swarm boats block certain passageways for certain countries' transits... Eventually, countries will start blocking through unofficial actions, specific countries... making their trade difficult and their economic activity impossible."

To counter such risks, Saran emphasised the need to identify sectors where India remains overly dependent on a single source. Unlike several Western countries that became heavily reliant on individual suppliers for energy, manufacturing or security, he argued that India's strategic resilience depends upon diversification.

"We have multiple partners in the same domain. We don't have one partner for one domain. Our defence platforms are diversified. Our energy requirements are diversified... What we really need to be doing now... is knocking heads and coming up with a list of those 10, 12 domains where we have concentration risks, where we largely depend on one single source."

He concluded that India's long-standing strategy of multi-alignment provides a strong foundation for preserving strategic autonomy. By maintaining diversified energy imports, broad defence partnerships and multiple technology supply chains, India can reduce exposure to coercion while strengthening its economic and security position in an increasingly competitive and fragmented global order.

ANI

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India-US Ties Enjoy Bipartisan Backing Despite US Midterm Political Upheaval

India has described the outcome of the recent United States midterm elections as an internal American matter, while emphasising that bilateral ties between New Delhi and Washington continue to enjoy strong bipartisan support across the US political spectrum.

Speaking at a regular media briefing in New Delhi, Ministry of External Affairs spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal declined to comment directly on the electoral outcome.

He instead underscored the resilience of the relationship between the two countries, stating, "It is an internal matter of the United States. I have no specific comment on them beyond underlining that India and the United States' relationship enjoys bipartisan support in the United States. We continue to work to further strengthen our comprehensive global strategic partnership that we share with the US."

His remarks came against the backdrop of significant political developments in the United States following the midterm elections, which reshaped the balance of power in Washington and strengthened Democratic control in Congress.

US President Donald Trump responded to the election outcome by once again questioning the integrity of the electoral process. Writing on his Truth Social platform, Trump alleged irregularities linked to early voting and criticised the use of voting machines.

"Does anybody really believe that this 'Election' was honest. How could the Polls be so wrong??? Some early voting 'dumps' were so large that it was impossible to win, no matter how many people went to vote. It's all about the machines, which are far more important than the voter! President DJT," Trump wrote.

The Republican Party suffered major setbacks in several key contests, while Democrats registered substantial gains that have been widely described as a "blue wave". The results have altered the political landscape in Washington, handing Democrats greater influence in both legislative and oversight functions.

The losses represent a significant challenge for the remainder of Trump's presidential term, with a Democratic-controlled Congress expected to push an ambitious legislative agenda, revisit and seek to reverse previous executive actions, and intensify scrutiny of the administration through congressional investigations.

Despite the shift in congressional power, Democrats do not possess unrestricted authority to enact legislation. The US President retains the constitutional power to veto bills passed by Congress, providing a powerful check on legislative initiatives.

Highlighting this authority after the elections, Trump stressed, "It's the power of veto. It's one of the stronger powers that a president has."

At the same time, the President signalled that he would prefer to avoid constant political confrontation with Congress. "I don't want to be just sitting there for two years vetoing everything," he said.

Under Article I, Section 7 of the US Constitution, the President can reject legislation approved by Congress. However, Congress may override a presidential veto if a two-thirds majority is secured in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Alongside legislative battles, Democrats are expected to make extensive use of congressional oversight mechanisms, including committee hearings, subpoenas and investigations into federal spending and executive branch actions. These powers enable Congress to exert pressure on the administration even when legislation faces the prospect of a presidential veto.

Against this evolving political backdrop, India has signalled its intention to remain focused on deepening cooperation with the United States across strategic, economic, technological, defence and geopolitical domains, irrespective of domestic political developments in Washington.

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India's Radar Roadmap Focuses On Four Critical Priorities

India's radar development community has outlined four key priorities that will shape the next generation of indigenous surveillance and tracking systems, reflecting the growing complexity of modern air defence environments and the emergence of increasingly difficult targets such as nano drones and stealth aircraft.

Speaking on the future direction of radar technology, B K Das, Director General (Electronics and Communication Systems) at DRDO, and M Sheikh Althaf, Director of the Electronics and Radar Development Establishment (LRDE), highlighted the operational challenges that Indian engineers are seeking to overcome through advanced indigenous development.

The first priority is enabling radars to operate effectively in highly congested electromagnetic environments. Modern battlefields are saturated with multiple radars, communication networks, electronic warfare systems and jammers functioning simultaneously, creating a demanding environment in which sensors must continue to perform reliably.

The second priority is frequency agility. Future radar systems are being designed to rapidly shift between relatively interference-free frequency bands, allowing them to maintain target tracks even when subjected to hostile jamming and electronic attack.

A third area of focus involves larger power apertures and improved elevation agility. These enhancements are intended to strengthen the detection of increasingly small and difficult targets, particularly compact drones, while also improving the ability to track threats approaching from higher altitudes and challenging flight profiles.

The fourth priority centres on advanced micro-Doppler processing. This technology enables radar systems to analyse subtle motion signatures, helping operators distinguish between very small drones and naturally occurring objects such as birds. As unmanned aerial threats continue to proliferate, such discrimination capability is becoming increasingly important.

Das stated that Indian engineers have already developed systems capable of tracking stealth platforms, underlining the progress achieved by the country's radar research community in addressing low-observable threats.

Althaf added that indigenous radar systems are now capable of detecting and tracking nano drones, a significant achievement given the extremely small radar signatures associated with such targets.

The Electronics and Radar Development Establishment has been at the forefront of India's radar modernisation efforts, contributing to a broad portfolio that includes early warning, surveillance, fire-control and airborne radar technologies for the armed forces.

Production of these systems is supported primarily by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), which remains the principal manufacturing partner for many of DRDO's radar programmes and has played a central role in translating laboratory-developed technologies into operational capabilities.

India's growing stature in the global radar community will also be reflected in its hosting of IEEE RadarConf 2027 in Bangalore from 1 to 7 May 2027. The event will mark the first time in the conference's 47-year history that it is being held in Asia, underscoring the increasing international recognition of the country's advances in radar science, sensor technologies and electronic warfare systems.

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Angry India Dismisses Khalistani Terrorist Pannun's Lawsuit As ‘Fabricated And Malicious’, Rejects Allegations Against Senior Officials

India has strongly rejected allegations made against National Security Adviser Ajit Doval and former Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) chief Samant Goel in a civil lawsuit filed in the United States by Khalistani terrorist Gurpatwant Singh Pannun. New Delhi described both the claims and the legal action as baseless, characterising them as “fabricated and malicious” and dismissing the proceedings as frivolous.

The response came after the US State Department confirmed that court-issued summonses related to the case had been formally transmitted to the Indian government through diplomatic channels.

Speaking on the matter, External Affairs Ministry spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal said India firmly rejected the accusations levelled against its senior officials as well as the lawsuit itself.

“We reject the fabricated and malicious attacks on our high officials. Also we reject the frivolous lawsuits. A request for serving of judicial documents in India can only be routed through India's designated central authority that is the Ministry of Law and Justice,” Jaiswal stated.

According to the US State Department, the legal documents were forwarded to the Indian Embassy in Washington DC on 9 October 2026 through diplomatic channels, following the signing of a diplomatic note on 30 September 2026.

The communication referenced the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), a US law that governs the circumstances under which foreign states and certain state-linked entities or officials may be subject to legal proceedings before American courts.

“The Department has no discretion in carrying out this request from the District Court under the FSIA,” the diplomatic note stated.

Pannun, who serves as legal counsel for Sikhs for Justice (SFJ), is seeking damages over an alleged conspiracy to assassinate him in the United States. In his lawsuit, he has accused senior Indian officials, including Ajit Doval and Samant Goel, of directing the purported plot.

SFJ is a separatist organisation that has been banned in India, while Pannun remains wanted by Indian investigative agencies in connection with multiple terrorism-related cases. New Delhi has consistently opposed the organisation’s activities, citing concerns over separatist propaganda and threats to national security.

The allegations contained in the civil lawsuit stem from a separate criminal investigation launched by US authorities into an alleged plot to kill Pannun in New York.

The matter gained international attention in November 2023 when US prosecutors charged Indian national Nikhil Gupta, alleging that he worked with an individual described as an Indian government employee to organise the assassination attempt.

According to American prosecutors, the alleged conspiracy involved efforts to arrange Pannun’s killing on US soil. US authorities contended that the operation was disrupted before it could be carried out.

Although both proceedings revolve around allegations linked to the same purported assassination plot, the criminal prosecution in the United States and Pannun’s civil lawsuit remain separate legal cases.

The development marks the latest chapter in a dispute that has drawn diplomatic attention in both Washington and New Delhi, with India continuing to reject allegations of official involvement while maintaining its position against SFJ and its activities.

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CRPF Eyes Kamikaze Drone Capability To Strengthen Counter-Terror Operations

NEW DELHI: The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) is preparing to induct loitering munitions, commonly known as kamikaze drones, as part of a wider effort to modernise its operational capabilities and expand the use of unmanned systems in counter-insurgency and counter-terror missions.

The proposed move reflects a broader transformation in India’s internal security architecture, with security forces increasingly adopting drones, artificial intelligence-enabled surveillance tools and precision-strike technologies to improve operational effectiveness while reducing risks to personnel.

According to sources, the planned induction is intended to provide the CRPF with an additional capability for aerial reconnaissance, real-time target tracking and precision engagement of hostile elements. The systems would allow units to identify and neutralise threats without exposing ground forces to immediate danger.

“As part of the initial procurement exercise, the CRPF has invited companies to submit technical details of loitering munition systems conforming to its operational requirements by November 25, 2026. The specifications indicate that the force is looking for drones capable of combining real-time surveillance with an explosive strike capability,” a source said.

Under the stated requirements, the loitering munition systems should be able to carry two high-explosive warheads weighing at least 1.5 kg each. They are also expected to have a minimum operational range of 15 km, remain airborne for at least 30 minutes and deliver an impact radius of approximately 10 metres.

Unlike conventional unmanned aerial vehicles, which are generally employed for surveillance and reconnaissance tasks, loitering munitions combine intelligence gathering with strike functions. They can patrol or hover over a designated area for extended periods, locate potential targets and then be directed towards them with precision.

Security officials view such systems as particularly valuable in challenging operational environments, including mountainous regions, dense forests and remote insurgency-affected areas where the deployment of ground troops can involve significant risks.

The proposed acquisition highlights the growing importance of unmanned combat and surveillance technologies within India’s security forces.

As threats continue to evolve, loitering munitions are increasingly being seen as force multipliers that can enhance situational awareness, accelerate response times and provide highly precise engagement options during time-sensitive operations.

The CRPF’s interest in these systems signals a continued focus on integrating advanced technology into frontline operations, strengthening both surveillance and strike capabilities in complex counter-terror and counter-insurgency missions.

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Cryogenic Engine Successfully Clears Flight Acceptance Test Ahead of NavIC Sat NVS-04 Launch

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully completed the flight acceptance test of the cryogenic engine designated for its upcoming GSLV-F19 mission, marking another important milestone in preparations for the launch of the NVS-04 navigation satellite.

The test was carried out on 5 November 2026 at the ISRO Propulsion Complex in Mahendragiri, one of the agency’s key facilities for the development and qualification of propulsion systems.

According to ISRO, the engine's ignition sequence proceeded exactly as planned, with both the Main Engine (ME) and the Gas Generator (GG) igniting successfully during the trial.

Throughout the steady-state phase of operation, the engine performed normally, with all parameters remaining consistent with nominal predictions. Engineers observed stable performance across the test duration, indicating that the propulsion system is operating within expected limits.

The hot-fire test lasted for 200 seconds, during which the engine demonstrated satisfactory performance. ISRO stated that the results closely matched pre-test predictions, providing further confidence in the readiness of the hardware for flight.

Following the successful completion of the acceptance test, the engine will now be integrated into the cryogenic upper stage of the GSLV-F19 launch vehicle.

GSLV-F19 is scheduled to place the NVS-04 navigation satellite into orbit. The satellite forms part of India’s Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) system, which provides positioning, navigation and timing services across India and the surrounding region.

The mission is expected to further strengthen the resilience and capability of the country's indigenous satellite navigation infrastructure.

Cryogenic engines are among the most technologically demanding propulsion systems used in launch vehicles, operating with super-cooled propellants to deliver high efficiency during the final stages of ascent. Their reliable performance is critical to the success of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle missions.

The successful flight acceptance test represents a significant step towards the GSLV-F19 mission, with the engine now cleared for induction into the launch vehicle's cryogenic stage ahead of the NVS-04 deployment mission.

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Opening of Space Sector To Private Players Creates New Opportunities For Young Talent, Helps Reduce Brain Drain: Dr Jitendra Singh

India’s decision to open the space sector to private participation is creating fresh opportunities for young scientists, engineers and technology professionals, while also reducing the need for talented individuals to seek careers overseas, according to Dr Jitendra Singh, announced PIB.

Speaking at the NaMo Book Fest in Varanasi, held to commemorate 25 years of Prime Minister Narendra Modi as Head of Government, the Union Minister said that India’s space ecosystem has undergone a significant transformation.

What was once largely confined to government institutions has evolved into a broader ecosystem where private companies, Start-Ups, research institutions and academia all play an active role.

Dr Jitendra Singh noted that, in the past, limited opportunities within India’s space sector encouraged many highly skilled professionals to look abroad for employment. However, the opening of the sector has enabled more talent to remain in the country and contribute to a rapidly expanding domestic space industry. He pointed to the emergence of private space companies such as Skyroot as evidence of the new opportunities now available to young engineers.

During an extensive interaction and panel discussion with students, the Minister emphasised that collaboration will be central to India’s future scientific success. Declaring that “The age of silos is over,” he said government agencies, industry, Start-Ups, universities and research institutions must work together to build globally competitive capabilities.

According to Dr Jitendra Singh, the opening of the space sector marks a fundamental shift in India’s scientific landscape. Space is no longer a domain led exclusively by government organisations. Instead, it has become an expanding ecosystem that welcomes private investment, innovation and young professional talent.

He highlighted the rapid growth of India’s space economy, which is currently valued at around USD 9 billion. If the present momentum continues, the sector could grow to approximately USD 45-46 billion over the next eight to ten years. He attributed this expansion to policy reforms that have encouraged wider participation across the sector.

The Minister also stressed that India’s space achievements extend far beyond rockets and launch missions. Space-based technologies are increasingly supporting infrastructure planning, project monitoring and disaster management. Indian satellites are also helping neighbouring countries, including Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Sri Lanka, by providing critical information that assists in preparing for floods and other natural disasters.

Reflecting on the country’s broader scientific progress, Dr Jitendra Singh described the past 12 to 13 years as an “Era of Science” for India. He said the nation has always possessed strong scientific talent and human resources, but the policy framework required to convert that potential into national capability has strengthened considerably in recent years.

He cited several flagship initiatives, including the Deep Ocean Mission, Quantum Mission, Artificial Intelligence, Cyber Security programmes and the Anusandhan National Research Foundation, as examples of India’s growing focus on frontier technologies and emerging scientific disciplines.

Speaking about the Deep Ocean Mission, the Minister said India is beginning to unlock the immense scientific and economic potential of its oceans, including resources that have remained largely unexplored for decades.

On biotechnology, he referred to India’s policy approach centred on “Biotechnology for Economy, Environment and Employment”. He highlighted achievements such as the development of the world’s first DNA vaccine against COVID-19 and the Genome India initiative, both of which demonstrate the country’s growing indigenous capabilities and preparedness for the age of precision medicine.

Dr Jitendra Singh also pointed to Chandrayaan-3 as a striking example of India’s ability to execute highly sophisticated space missions with exceptional cost efficiency. He stated that India has progressed beyond simply following developments elsewhere and is now advancing alongside leading scientific nations, while already holding an advantage in several areas.

The Minister further noted that reforms are not limited to the space sector. He referred to the opening of the nuclear sector to private participation and India’s ambition to achieve 100 GW of nuclear power capacity by 2047. Nuclear energy, he said, will play an increasingly important role as a clean power source capable of meeting future demands from Artificial Intelligence systems and data centres.

Highlighting the growing national commitment to research and innovation, he said Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) has increased substantially from around ₹46,000-47,000 crore in 2013-14 to approximately ₹2-2.5 lakh crore.

Responding to questions on Artificial Intelligence, Dr Jitendra Singh encouraged students to embrace emerging technologies while maintaining independent thinking and intellectual curiosity. “You have to be intelligent enough to use Artificial Intelligence,” he said, adding that technology should enhance human capability rather than replace the curiosity that drives scientific discovery.

The Minister said India’s scientific advancements have fostered a new sense of confidence among its people, particularly the younger generation. Recalling Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s message, “We can do it,” he said the country has transitioned from an era in which the rest of the world innovated and India followed, to one in which scientific developments are taking place in India alongside global leaders, with the nation moving ahead in several fields.

Dr Jitendra Singh concluded that the next phase of India’s development will depend on deeper collaboration, greater opportunities for young talent and the continued translation of scientific capability into innovation, economic growth and practical solutions that improve everyday life, supporting the country’s journey towards Viksit Bharat.

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TKMS And CFF Fluid Control Deepen India Underwater Defence Partnership With New Joint Venture

German naval systems specialist TKMS and Indian firm CFF Fluid Control have formalised a joint venture agreement to establish TKMS CFF Defence Systems Private Limited in India, strengthening their long-term collaboration in the underwater warfare domain.

The move represents the next phase of a partnership that has steadily evolved since the companies signed a teaming agreement in 2023. By bringing their respective technological and industrial capabilities together under a single organisation, the partners intend to create a dedicated Indian systems house capable of supporting both current and future underwater-defence requirements.

Under the arrangement, CFF Fluid Control Limited will hold a 51 per cent stake in the new company, while TKMS will retain the remaining 49 per cent. The joint venture will be headquartered in Mumbai, with manufacturing and systems integration activities taking place at a purpose-built electronics and systems facility in Chakan, near Pune in Maharashtra.

The company will focus on developing indigenous capabilities in anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and underwater-defence systems, aligning closely with India’s ‘Make in India’ initiative and broader efforts to increase domestic defence manufacturing and self-reliance.

TKMS is expected to contribute its advanced sonar and sensor technologies, while CFF Fluid Control will provide expertise in engineering, mechanical and electronic systems integration, alongside its established experience in supporting the Indian Navy’s fleet sustainment requirements.

“With this joint venture, we are taking our strategic partnership with CFF Fluid Control Limited to the next level and underlining our long-term commitment to the Indian Navy and India’s defence industry,” said Michael Ozegowski, Executive Vice President of TKMS ATLAS ELEKTRONIK, a segment of TKMS.

“Together, we are creating a strong local base for indigenous anti-submarine warfare solutions in full support of the ‘Make in India’ initiative.”

The partnership comes as India places increasing emphasis on strengthening its underwater warfare capabilities amid growing operational demands across the Indo-Pacific region. The establishment of a local systems house is expected to support greater indigenous content, lifecycle support and technology integration for future naval projects.

“Our partnership with TKMS is a testament to the trust we have earned as a reliable partner – through our engineering capabilities, integration expertise, and commitment to execution,” said Sunil Menon, Managing Director of CFF Fluid Control Limited.

“By bringing together TKMS’s proven underwater-defence technology and CFF’s engineering and manufacturing strengths, we aim to build enduring Indian capability, rather than simply transfer technology. We recognise the responsibility that comes with this trust and are committed to living up to it.”

The joint venture also builds on TKMS’s wider efforts to expand its industrial footprint in India. In 2025, the German company signed a teaming agreement with Indian defence firm VEM Technologies covering cooperation in torpedo technology transfer and the joint development of heavyweight torpedoes within India, further reinforcing its commitment to supporting indigenous naval capability development.

Agencies

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DRDO Releases Security APIs Completing India’s Military Radio Standard

India’s effort to establish a fully indigenous and interoperable software-defined radio (SDR) ecosystem has reached a significant milestone, with the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) releasing the IRSA Security APIs on 10 November 2026.

The newly released application programming interfaces (APIs) complete a key element of the Indian Radio Software Architecture (IRSA) framework, enabling standardised security integration across military communication systems operating on a common software architecture.

The Security APIs provide developers and system integrators with uniform interfaces for implementing security functions within SDR platforms. Their introduction strengthens IRSA’s objective of creating an open, interoperable and future-ready communications environment for India’s armed forces.

IRSA 1.0 was formally released in October 2025 in collaboration with the Integrated Defence Staff and the three services. The framework represented India’s first nationally developed software standard for military software-defined radios and was designed to ensure compatibility across different platforms and users.

The initiative originated in 2021, when the requirement for a national SDR standard was identified as increasingly important for joint military operations. A DRDO-led core team subsequently began collecting operational requirements from the Army, Navy and Air Force in 2022, laying the foundation for a unified architecture that could support multiple radio platforms and waveforms.

Developed by DRDO’s Defence Electronics Applications Laboratory (DEAL), IRSA defines the technical foundations required for SDR interoperability. The architecture encompasses interfaces, APIs, execution environments and waveform portability, allowing software waveforms to be transferred across compliant radio platforms with minimal modification.

The standard is intended to reduce vendor dependence, simplify upgrades and encourage a broader domestic ecosystem of developers and manufacturers capable of building compatible systems for military users.

Director General Electronics and Communication Systems (ECS), Dr BK Das, has underlined the importance of the framework, stating that any SDR adopted by the armed forces must conform to IRSA standards and remain interoperable across all three services.

The operational foundation for IRSA is already taking shape. The Indian Navy currently operates a DRDO-developed tactical SDR, while the Indian Army’s manpack SDR variant, produced with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), has successfully completed field trials. Meanwhile, a new SDR designed for the Indian Air Force is expected to be available by the end of 2026.

With the release of the Security APIs, the IRSA ecosystem moves closer to its goal of delivering seamless, secure and service-wide communications, providing a common software foundation for the next generation of Indian military radio systems.

Agencies

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Agnipath 2.0: What The Six-Year Agniveer Actually Takes Home

The Union Cabinet has approved a significant revision to the Agnipath scheme, extending opportunities for a large proportion of Agniveers beyond the original four-year tenure.

The announcement was made on 4 November by Chief of Defence Staff Gen NS Raja Subramani following recommendations from the three armed services.

Under the revised framework, up to 25 per cent of each Agniveer batch will continue to be absorbed into the regular military cadre after completing four years of service.

The remaining 75 per cent, who would previously have exited the services at the end of their initial engagement, will now be offered an additional two-year term. This extension is intended to provide greater employment continuity while allowing the armed forces to retain trained manpower for longer periods.

Financially, the revised structure brings a notable increase in earnings during the fifth and sixth years. Agniveers opting for the extension will receive a monthly package of around ₹43,500 in the fifth year and approximately ₹47,500 in the sixth year. By comparison, the package in the fourth year stands at around ₹40,000 per month.

The government has also reworked the Seva Nidhi corpus linked to the extended tenure. Under the revised arrangement, contributions will follow a 30:70 split between the Agniveer and the government. The additional two years of service are expected to generate a Seva Nidhi benefit of roughly ₹10.92 lakh.

The original Agnipath scheme was unveiled on 14 June 2022 as a transformative military recruitment model. It introduced a four-year engagement period for young recruits across the Army, Navy and Air Force, coupled with a tax-free Seva Nidhi package of approximately ₹11.71 lakh upon completion of service.

The first recruitment cycle under the scheme saw the induction of 24,400 personnel across the three services. Of that cohort, more than 18,300 Agniveers were scheduled to complete their tenure and leave service by 31 December, making the latest revision particularly significant for those approaching the end of their original contracts.

The changes reflect the armed forces' evolving manpower requirements and address long-standing discussions around post-service prospects for Agniveers.

By creating a structured two-year extension pathway while retaining the provision for permanent absorption of a select percentage, the revised model broadens career options and increases total financial benefits for participants without altering the core objective of maintaining a youthful military profile.

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Assam Sets Out 3,750-Acre Defence Park Plan To Accelerate Defence Manufacturing Growth

Assam is preparing to establish a major Defence Park spanning approximately 3,750 acres at Nelli in Morigaon district, marking a significant step in the state's efforts to emerge as a new centre for defence and aerospace manufacturing, news agencies reported.

The decision was approved by the State Cabinet at a meeting chaired by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma at Lok Sewa Bhawan on 3 November. Under the proposal, the Industries Department will receive around 3,750 acres of land near Jagiroad for the development of the project.

The initiative reflects Assam's broader push to strengthen its industrial base and attract investment into advanced manufacturing sectors. While other regions of India have already developed substantial defence production ecosystems, including facilities manufacturing sophisticated missile systems, military platforms and aviation equipment, Assam has historically had a limited presence in the sector.

In recent years, however, the state has pursued investments in strategically important industries, including semiconductors and other high-value manufacturing segments. Despite these advances, the lack of a dedicated large-scale industrial land bank has been viewed as a constraint in attracting major defence manufacturers and related supply-chain partners.

The proposed Defence Park is intended to bridge that gap while supporting the national objective of 'Atmanirbhar Bharat'. By creating a specialised industrial ecosystem for defence and aerospace industries, the project is expected to improve Assam's attractiveness as an investment destination for both domestic and international companies.

To promote the opportunity, the state government plans to organise roadshows and undertake targeted investment outreach activities aimed at highlighting Assam's industrial capabilities, infrastructure development and business potential.

A key factor supporting the initiative is the Assam Aerospace and Defence Manufacturing Policy, 2025, which was notified on 23 February 2025. The policy, which remains in force for five years from its publication in the Official Gazette, is designed to position Assam as a globally competitive destination for aerospace and defence manufacturing.

Its scope covers a broad spectrum of activities, including aircraft manufacturing, advanced defence equipment production, small arms and ammunition, unmanned aerial vehicles and drones, avionics, simulation technologies, Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul services, defence research and development, as well as defence-focused Start-Ups and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.

To encourage industrial investment, the policy provides a range of incentives and support mechanisms. These include capital investment subsidies, reimbursement of the state's share of GST, transport and power-related assistance, land allotment subsidies, research and development support, and production-linked incentives, subject to prescribed terms and conditions.

Together, the Aerospace and Defence Manufacturing Policy and the proposed Defence Park are expected to create a strong platform for attracting leading defence and aerospace companies to Assam. 

The initiative is anticipated to strengthen the state's industrial ecosystem, generate substantial employment opportunities and contribute to long-term economic growth.

The project is also expected to create new opportunities for Assam's youth by encouraging skill development, manufacturing employment and participation in high-technology industries, helping position the state as an emerging player within India's rapidly expanding defence and aerospace manufacturing landscape.

Agencies

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