Showing posts with label War. Show all posts
Showing posts with label War. Show all posts

Tuesday, October 27, 2026

India-Israel Ties To Remain Unchanged Regardless of Election Outcome, Says Israeli Embassy Spokesperson Mishelle Sirota


As Israel prepares for a closely watched national election, the country's Embassy in New Delhi has reiterated that the strong partnership between India and Israel will remain unaffected irrespective of which political formation ultimately assumes power in Jerusalem.

Speaking ahead of the vote, Israeli Embassy spokesperson Mishelle Sirota stressed that the bilateral relationship enjoys broad political consensus in Israel and is not dependent on any single party or leader.

“India and Israel relationship will not change, even for the slightest, no matter who is going to be chosen,” Sirota said, underscoring the enduring nature of ties between the two countries.

Israelis are set to vote in parliamentary elections amid one of the most competitive political contests in recent years. The election will determine the composition of the 120-member Knesset and shape the formation of the country's next government.

Describing the election as a celebration of democracy, Sirota said Israeli citizens would decide how they want their nation to be governed over the coming four years.

She noted that approximately 7.3 million eligible voters are expected to participate in the electoral process. According to Sirota, Israelis traditionally demonstrate strong enthusiasm for voting, with many citizens travelling back to Israel from abroad specifically to cast their ballots because overseas voting is not permitted.

“Tomorrow, we are voting for the Israeli elections. We have 7.3 million eligible voters that are about to vote,” she said.

“Hopefully, we will have a very high percentage, as historically shown in Israel, people are very eager to vote. This is a very vibrant democracy. People come from abroad even to vote in Israel, because we cannot vote from outside.”

Sirota said every election provides Israelis with an opportunity to influence the country's future direction.

“Every election is a time for the society and the Israeli citizens to cast their vote and to see how they want the future of Israel to look like in the next four years.”

Drawing comparisons between Israel and India, she pointed to the significant differences in scale between the two democracies. While Indian elections are conducted over several weeks and often months due to the size of the electorate, Israel completes voting within a single day and typically obtains results very quickly.

“I think apart from the scale and the fact that your elections go through a few months, and for us it's only one day, and we get the results pretty quickly. So about tomorrow, like the day after the elections, we will already know the results,” she explained.

She also highlighted that Israel continues to use a manual voting system rather than electronic voting machines.

“We also vote manually, so it's not an electronic device. People cast their votes in an envelope.”

Despite these procedural differences, Sirota said India and Israel share many common democratic values and priorities.

“I do think we have a lot of similarities in that a lot of the voters vote for national security, pluralism, democratic values, liberal values, and traditions.”

She added that the democratic character of both nations forms a major foundation of their close relationship.

“As the biggest democracy in the world, and the only democracy in the Middle East, we have a lot of similarities, and I think it's also the beauty of the relationship and what makes us so strongly attached to each other.”

Reaffirming institutional continuity, Sirota said Israeli diplomats represent the state rather than a particular political party and would work with whichever government emerges from the election.

“As an embassy, we will obviously represent every government that is going to be chosen, and I do have a very strong belief in the democratic system in Israel,” she said.

She highlighted freedom of opinion and freedom of religion as important pillars of Israeli democracy.

“As an embassy and as a diplomat, we are obviously going to support whoever is going to be in power, and I am sure that it's not going to change the relationship between the nations.”

Addressing public sentiment after years of regional instability and conflict, Sirota acknowledged that many Israelis want a more peaceful future while remaining firmly committed to national security.

“Obviously, there are different opinions. That's the beauty of democracy. So I think after three years of war, a lot of the Israeli citizens want to see better days. We want to be in peace with our neighbours.”

At the same time, she stressed that ensuring the safety of Israeli citizens remains a priority shared across the political spectrum.

“We obviously have to keep the safety of our civilians in our borders in place, and it's a very strong consensus in Israel that we will make sure that every single citizen is safe no matter what our neighbors are planning. And unfortunately, they are sometimes planning to hurt us very badly.”

The election comes at a particularly sensitive moment for Israel. The country remains deeply engaged in regional security challenges, including tensions linked to Iran and continuing security concerns along its northern and southern fronts. Analysts broadly expect that regardless of who forms the next government, strategic cooperation with India in areas such as defence, technology, agriculture, innovation, water management and trade will remain a core element of bilateral relations.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu enters the election presenting himself as the leader best equipped to confront regional security threats, particularly those posed by Iran. His coalition includes the Likud Party, Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich's Religious Zionism party and National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir's Jewish Power party.

His principal challenger is former military chief Gadi Eisenkot, who has campaigned on his national security credentials while also projecting himself as a political outsider capable of providing a fresh direction for the country.

Other significant contenders include the alliance led by former Prime Ministers Naftali Bennett and Yair Lapid, former defence minister Avigdor Lieberman, and a four-party coalition headed by Yair Golan that draws substantial support from Israel's Arab minority.

Opinion surveys ahead of polling have suggested a highly fragmented political landscape, with coalition negotiations likely to play a decisive role in determining who ultimately forms the next government.

The contest has therefore evolved into a high-stakes battle between veteran political survivor Benjamin Netanyahu and former military chief Gadi Eisenkot, with the outcome expected to influence not only Israel's domestic political trajectory but also broader developments across West Asia.

Recent assessments from political observers indicate that while leadership and regional policies may evolve, India-Israel cooperation is widely expected to remain strong due to deep-rooted strategic, economic and technological interests shared by both nations.

ANI


UN Secretary General Guterres Warns of Growing Risk of ‘Ethnic Cleansing’ As West Bank Tensions Escalate


United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has expressed grave concern over the deteriorating situation in the occupied West Bank, warning that conditions on the ground are becoming increasingly coercive and raising fears of what he described as the growing “spectre of ethnic cleansing”.

Speaking publicly through his official social media account while also addressing regional developments during a visit to Egypt, Guterres said Israeli policies and actions in the West Bank are contributing to an environment marked by displacement, violence and insecurity for Palestinians.

The UN chief pointed to continued settlement expansion, ongoing evictions and a surge in settler-related violence as key factors driving the worsening situation. According to Guterres, Palestinian communities are being subjected to mounting pressure, with families facing assaults and the loss of access to their land.

“I’m deeply alarmed by Israeli actions in the occupied West Bank. Settlements are expanding, evictions are unrelenting with Palestinians driven from their lands, settler violence is surging, Palestinian families are being assaulted,” Guterres said.

He stressed that stability across the Middle East cannot be achieved without addressing the long-standing Palestinian question and ensuring the legitimate rights of Palestinians, including their right to self-determination.

“We are seeing an increasingly coercive environment, with the spectre of ethnic cleansing looming ever larger. This must end. There can be no durable peace in the Middle East without the realization of the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people to self-determination,” he stated.

The remarks come amid growing international scrutiny of developments in the West Bank. UN officials have separately raised concerns over large-scale displacement operations and restrictions imposed on Palestinian communities, warning that forced displacement, demolitions and punitive measures risk further destabilising the region.

During his engagements in Egypt, Guterres also received public backing from Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, who praised the UN Secretary-General’s approach to major international challenges and his long-standing support for a comprehensive and just resolution of the Palestinian issue.

The concerns over the West Bank coincide with an increasingly severe humanitarian situation in Gaza.

According to reports, around 800 displaced Palestinians were left without shelter after Israeli quadcopter strikes triggered a massive blaze at a displacement camp in Gaza City’s Shujayea district.

The Palestinian Public Works Ministry said the fire began at approximately 8:00 pm on Sunday and continued burning beyond midnight. The blaze destroyed tents housing hundreds of displaced civilians, many of them women, children and elderly people.

The ministry said the destruction left hundreds without basic shelter and appealed for urgent international assistance to provide replacement tents and emergency relief supplies for affected families.

Guterres’ latest warning adds to a series of recent UN statements expressing concern that continued violence, displacement and settlement growth are undermining prospects for peace and increasing pressure on Palestinian communities across the occupied territories.

ANI


Sunday, October 25, 2026

Oil India Discovers Natural Gas In Untapped Krishna-Godavari Offshore Formation


State-owned Oil India Limited (OIL) has announced a natural gas discovery in the shallow-water Krishna-Godavari Basin off India’s east coast, marking a potentially significant addition to the country’s domestic energy resources.

The discovery was made at the Godavari-1 appraisal well in the Matsyapuri formation, a geological zone that had not previously been explored. According to the company, testing recorded a peak gas flow rate of 2,00,000 standard cubic metres per day (SCMD), indicating encouraging production potential. However, OIL has not yet disclosed an estimate of the reserves associated with the find.

Following the successful test, the company is preparing to evaluate the next prospective zone within the basin, with further drilling and assessment planned to determine the broader resource potential of the area.

The discovery comes as India intensifies efforts to strengthen domestic oil and gas production amid growing concerns over global energy security. Supply disruptions linked to tensions around the Strait of Hormuz have highlighted the vulnerability of energy-importing nations to geopolitical shocks, while elevated crude oil, liquefied natural gas (LNG) and freight costs have continued to pressure India’s energy sector.

Last month, senior OIL officials emphasised the need to accelerate exploration activities within the country. OIL Director of Finance, Abhijit Majumder, warned that global supply chain disruptions and instability in key energy corridors can quickly affect energy availability, pricing and economic stability. 

He stated: “Disruptions to global supply chains and major energy corridors can have an immediate impact on energy flows, prices and economies worldwide.”

Majumder further noted that the Strait of Hormuz situation demonstrates how geopolitical instability in one region can have far-reaching consequences for energy security across the world, reinforcing the importance of developing indigenous hydrocarbon resources.

India’s push for increased exploration follows three consecutive years of declining domestic crude oil production. To reverse this trend and reduce dependence on imports, the government has launched an ambitious offshore exploration drive aimed at unlocking new reserves in Indian waters.

Earlier this year, the government introduced the National Offshore Exploration Scheme, backed by approximately 83,552 Crores (approx. US $8.8 billion) in support through FY 2030-31. The initiative is being positioned as India’s most ambitious offshore exploration mission to date and is expected to accelerate the search for new oil and gas resources across the country’s offshore sedimentary basins.

The latest Krishna-Godavari Basin discovery is therefore significant not only for Oil India Limited but also for the country’s broader energy security objectives, as India seeks to expand domestic production and lessen its exposure to volatile international energy markets.

Agencies


Starlink Slowdown Raises Questions Over Control of Modern Warfare’s Digital Lifelines


A reported slowdown of SpaceX’s Starlink and Starshield satellite connectivity has reignited debate over who ultimately controls the digital infrastructure that increasingly underpins modern warfare.

The controversy emerged after reports indicated that a temporary throttling of satellite services disrupted Ukrainian military operations, particularly drone missions being conducted against Russian forces.

According to reports citing United States officials and individuals familiar with the matter, SpaceX founder Elon Musk ordered a restriction on connectivity linked to the satellite network relied upon by Ukraine’s armed forces.

The disruption reportedly lasted for around a day and affected battlefield communications as well as both offensive and defensive drone operations.

Ukraine has become heavily dependent on Starlink and its military-focused counterpart, Starshield, throughout the conflict with Russia.

The satellite systems provide critical connectivity for a wide range of military functions, including communications, intelligence sharing, targeting support and drone control.

Ukrainian drones use these networks not only to conduct strikes against Russian positions but also to intercept incoming Russian attack drones.

Military commanders reportedly said the slowdown resulted in lost drones, disrupted operations and failed missions during an active phase of the conflict.

Reports suggested that the restrictions particularly affected drones operating over longer distances, where satellite connectivity is essential for maintaining links with operators. The incident exposed the extent to which Ukraine’s military capabilities have become intertwined with privately operated space-based communications infrastructure.

The situation also highlighted a broader vulnerability facing modern armed forces.

As militaries increasingly integrate commercial satellite services into operational planning, decisions taken by private technology providers can have immediate consequences on the battlefield. The reported slowdown has fuelled questions about whether critical wartime infrastructure should remain under corporate control when military operations can depend on continuous access.

Adding to the controversy were conflicting public explanations regarding who held authority over the military-grade communications system. Musk has previously maintained that Starshield operates under United States government oversight and that any restrictions involving military applications are subject to government direction.

At the same time, former United States President Donald Trump reportedly denied personal involvement in ordering the disruption.

The differing accounts have intensified uncertainty over where ultimate decision-making authority resides when privately developed technologies become strategically important national security assets.

For Kyiv, the immediate concern centred on the operational impact.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky sharply criticised the absence of advance warning, arguing that such decisions carry serious implications when the country remains under sustained Russian military pressure.

His criticism came amid reports of continued Russian attacks, including strikes on civilian areas, where rapid access to communications and early-warning information remains crucial.

Ukrainian officials reportedly viewed the lack of prior notification as particularly troubling because battlefield planning increasingly depends upon uninterrupted digital connectivity.

The episode also underscored how satellite communications have evolved from a supporting capability into a core element of military power. In previous conflicts, armies primarily relied on government-owned communications networks and military satellites.

Today, however, commercial space companies operate some of the world’s most sophisticated and extensive communications constellations. Starlink’s low-Earth-orbit satellite network has become one of the most prominent examples of that transformation.

Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the system has played a major role in keeping Ukrainian military units connected even when conventional communications infrastructure came under attack.

The reported slowdown therefore extends beyond a technical issue.

It has become a case study of how private-sector technologies can directly influence military effectiveness, operational tempo and strategic outcomes during wartime. The incident has also renewed discussion among defence analysts about whether governments should develop greater sovereign control over critical digital infrastructure used in national security operations.

Supporters of private-sector involvement argue that commercial innovation has delivered capabilities far more rapidly than many government programs could achieve.

Critics counter that dependence on corporate networks creates strategic risks if access can be altered, restricted or interrupted during periods of crisis.

The debate is likely to grow as satellite networks, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and autonomous systems become increasingly integrated into military operations around the world.

At its core, the controversy surrounding the reported Starlink slowdown is about far more than a single day of disrupted connectivity.

It raises fundamental questions about authority, accountability and control in an era where private technology companies operate infrastructure that can shape the outcome of conflicts.

As warfare becomes more digitally connected, governments and militaries may face mounting pressure to determine who should hold the decisive switch when critical battlefield networks are involved: elected governments or the private companies that built them.

ANI


Saturday, October 24, 2026

India, Uzbekistan Reaffirm Commitment To Deepen Counter-Terrorism Cooperation


India and Uzbekistan have reaffirmed their commitment to enhancing bilateral cooperation in counter-terrorism following high-level discussions in New Delhi after the 10th meeting of the India-Uzbekistan Joint Working Group on Counter Terrorism.

The renewed commitment was highlighted during a meeting between Secretary (West) Sibi George and Pirimkulov Gulomjon Shodmonkulovich, Head of the Department for Cooperation with South Asian, Near, Middle Eastern and African Countries in Uzbekistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, who also serves as the Uzbek co-chair of the Joint Working Group.

Highlighting the engagement, Ministry of External Affairs spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal stated: "Secretary (West) @AmbSibiGeorge received Mr Pirimkulov Gulomjon Shodmonkulovich, Head of Department for Cooperation with South Asian, Near, Middle Eastern and African Countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Uzbekistan and Co-Chair of the India-Uzbekistan Joint Working Group on Counter-Terrorism."

Jaiswal further noted: "They discussed India-Uzbekistan cooperation in counter-terrorism and other issues of mutual interest, reaffirming their commitment to further strengthening bilateral cooperation."

The 10th meeting of the India-Uzbekistan Joint Working Group on Counter Terrorism was held in New Delhi on 22 October 2026. The talks were co-chaired by Suhel Ajaz Khan, Additional Secretary (Counter Terrorism) in India's Ministry of External Affairs, and Pirimkulov Gulomjon Shodmonkulovich on behalf of Uzbekistan.

During the discussions, both sides reviewed threats posed by terrorist organisations at the global and regional levels. They exchanged assessments on evolving security challenges, including extremism, radicalisation, terrorist financing, the misuse of emerging technologies by terrorist groups, and the growing links between transnational organised crime and terrorism.

The two countries agreed to deepen cooperation in addressing threats to national and regional security while further strengthening the framework of the Joint Working Group on Counter Terrorism.

Both delegations also examined practical measures to enhance bilateral cooperation through increased information sharing, capacity building initiatives and the exchange of best practices. They explored opportunities for closer collaboration between relevant agencies engaged in counter-terrorism efforts.

Reinforcing their shared commitment to multilateral engagement, India and Uzbekistan pledged continued cooperation through platforms such as the United Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation's Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (SCO-RATS), and the Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (EAG).

The strengthened counter-terrorism dialogue reflects the broader expansion of India-Uzbekistan strategic ties in recent years, with both nations increasingly coordinating on regional security, combating cross-border threats, and promoting stability across Central and South Asia.

The next meeting of the India-Uzbekistan Joint Working Group on Counter Terrorism will be hosted by Uzbekistan on a mutually agreed date.

ANI


Iran Warns US Against Persian Gulf Entry As IRGC Claims Two Supertankers Struck Naval Mines Near Strait of Hormuz


Iran has issued a stark warning to the United States, declaring that it will never permit American military vessels to re-enter the Persian Gulf, as tensions between Tehran and Washington continue to intensify.

The warning came from Major General Ali Abdollahi, Chief of the General Staff of Iran’s Armed Forces, who claimed Iranian forces had effectively neutralised the US Navy’s influence in the region. Rejecting assertions that Iran’s military capabilities had been significantly degraded, Abdollahi insisted that Washington's ambitions in the Gulf would remain unrealised.

“The US president must only dream of their military and army entering the Persian Gulf again. They will take this wish to their graves,” Abdollahi said. He added, “We will under no circumstances and at no time allow US military vessels to enter the Persian Gulf.”

The senior commander also challenged repeated claims by US President Donald Trump that Iran’s nuclear facilities had been destroyed. Abdollahi questioned why Washington continued to express concern over Tehran’s nuclear program if those facilities had allegedly been eliminated. “If you have destroyed everything, then what is the meaning of repeating this delusion?” he said, accusing the United States of attempting to influence public opinion through such statements.

The remarks coincided with claims by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy that two super-tankers carrying more than 4.5 million barrels of crude oil combined struck naval mines near the strategically vital Strait of Hormuz.

According to Iranian state media, the vessels were travelling along what Tehran described as an unauthorised southern route through the waterway when explosions and fires reportedly broke out in their engine rooms.

The IRGC stated that both vessels became disabled following the blasts and that their crews were eventually forced to abandon ship. However, the claims have not been independently verified, and there has been no immediate confirmation from vessel operators or other external authorities.

Iran has maintained restrictions on maritime movements through the Strait of Hormuz and has repeatedly warned that ships attempting to transit the waterway without coordination with Iranian authorities could face serious consequences.

The narrow maritime chokepoint remains one of the world's most important energy corridors, with a significant portion of global oil exports passing through it each day, making any disruption a major concern for international shipping and energy markets.

The latest exchange reflects the broader struggle between Tehran and Washington over regional security, freedom of navigation and energy flows. While Iran has highlighted its ability to influence traffic through the Strait, US officials have argued that global energy shipments continue largely unaffected.

US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said oil exports from the Persian Gulf had recovered strongly despite Iranian attempts to disrupt maritime traffic. “Despite Iran’s efforts to disrupt energy shipments, oil exports from the Persian Gulf are roaring back and have surpassed pre-conflict levels,” he said, adding that “Iran’s threats have failed to stop the flow of energy to global markets.”

Meanwhile, US Ambassador to Türkiye Tom Barrack suggested that a US strike on Iran remained a possibility, stating, “Could there be a strike this weekend? Absolutely,” while also emphasising that President Trump remained open to a diplomatic settlement.

Barrack revealed that negotiations involving regional actors, including Pakistan and Qatar, were continuing. Discussions reportedly include the future of the Strait of Hormuz, uranium enrichment, sanctions relief, the potential unfreezing of Iranian assets and security guarantees relating to Israel.

However, Trump later appeared to distance himself from Barrack’s comments. When asked about the possibility of imminent military action after arriving in Florida, he remarked, “That was my ambassador? He's a pretty powerful man, I guess. If that's the case, I don't know anything about it.”

Despite that response, Trump subsequently adopted a tougher tone during an election rally in Florida, warning that the United States could launch “another little Epic Fury” against Iran should Tehran fail to reach an agreement, underscoring the volatility surrounding the standoff and raising fresh concerns about the security of one of the world's most critical maritime trade routes.

ANI


Pezeshkian Set For Moscow Talks With Putin As Iran-Russia Strategic Partnership Deepens


Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian is set to travel to Moscow next week for talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin, as Tehran and Moscow continue high-level consultations on bilateral cooperation and major regional and international developments.

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi announced the upcoming meeting, stating that it follows extensive discussions held during Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s recent visit to Tehran. 

According to Araghchi, both sides reviewed the latest developments in Iran-Russia relations and examined key issues affecting the region and the wider international community.

“Last week, I hosted Mr. Sergey Lavrov, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. We discussed in detail the latest developments in bilateral relations and the most important regional and international issues,” Araghchi said.

The Iranian foreign minister noted that the discussions focused on expanding political and economic cooperation, implementing existing agreements and strengthening the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two countries. He added that both sides underlined the importance of maintaining regular consultations to protect shared interests and contribute to regional peace and stability.

“We also emphasised the importance of continuing consultations to safeguard common interests and strengthen regional peace and stability,” Araghchi said.

Confirming that diplomatic engagement will continue at the highest level, Araghchi stated: “These talks and consultations will continue next week in Moscow, with the presence of the presidents of the two countries.”

The planned summit comes against the backdrop of heightened tensions across West Asia and ongoing diplomatic efforts related to the conflict involving Iran, the United States and Israel. The meeting is expected to provide an opportunity for both leaders to assess regional developments and coordinate their positions on emerging challenges.

Pezeshkian and Putin most recently met on the sidelines of the Caspian Environmental Summit in Turkmenistan on 8 October. The two leaders had also held talks during a regional summit in Kyrgyzstan in September, reflecting the growing frequency of engagement between Tehran and Moscow.

Lavrov’s recent visit to Tehran further highlighted the increasingly close relationship between the two countries. Following the visit, Araghchi described Iran-Russia ties as closer than ever, despite US President Donald Trump publicly questioning the extent of Moscow’s support for Tehran.

During his meeting with Pezeshkian in Turkmenistan earlier this month, Putin reaffirmed Russia’s readiness to support a diplomatic resolution to regional tensions involving Iran. “For our part, we are ready to do everything in our power to help you resolve this situation,” Putin said.

Economic cooperation has also continued to expand. Putin stated that trade between Russia and Iran grew by more than 21 per cent during 2025, with positive momentum continuing through the first seven months of 2026. The strengthening commercial relationship has become a key pillar of the broader strategic partnership between the two nations.

Meanwhile, Pezeshkian reiterated Iran’s commitment to diplomacy despite previous setbacks in negotiations with Washington. “We are in talks, but every time we engage in dialogue with America, they attack again; however, we will not withdraw from the negotiating table,” he said.

Against this backdrop, the Moscow meeting is expected to focus on strengthening bilateral cooperation, reviewing progress on joint initiatives and discussing the evolving regional situation as diplomatic efforts continue across West Asia.

ANI


The Other DONALD: NATO Nation Poland Turns To India As Strategic Ties Deepen Amid Growing Russia Concerns


Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s visit to India marks another significant step in the rapidly expanding partnership between Warsaw and New Delhi, as both countries seek to transform political goodwill into concrete economic and strategic cooperation.

The visit follows Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s landmark trip to Poland in 2024, during which bilateral relations were elevated to a Strategic Partnership.

During high-level discussions, India and Poland explored deeper collaboration across a range of strategic sectors, including defence manufacturing, space technology, satellite systems, nuclear energy, advanced technologies and industrial investment.

Both sides are also focusing on joint research, co-development and co-production initiatives that could strengthen their long-term economic and security interests.

Tusk described Modi as a “beacon of hope” and praised India’s growing international role during a period of global uncertainty and instability. He emphasised that Poland values India’s influence on the world stage and sees considerable potential for cooperation in cutting-edge sectors such as space, digital technology, satellites and advanced military systems.

Defence cooperation emerged as a major focus of the visit. India invited Polish companies to participate in co-development and co-production projects, while both nations agreed to expand engagement between their defence industries. Plans for a dedicated defence industry dialogue are expected to create new opportunities for collaboration in military manufacturing, technology transfer and strategic programs.

Space and satellite cooperation also featured prominently in the discussions. Both countries are examining opportunities to deepen collaboration in satellite technologies and related applications. Poland views India’s expanding space capabilities as an area where shared expertise and investment can generate mutual benefits.

Nuclear energy was identified as another pillar of future cooperation. Alongside discussions on clean energy and technology partnerships, both sides explored ways to strengthen collaboration in energy security and power generation as they pursue long-term economic growth objectives.

Economic ties continue to gain momentum. Bilateral trade has grown to more than $6.3 billion, rising significantly over the past decade. India exports pharmaceuticals, textiles, chemicals, engineering products, vehicles and electrical equipment to Poland, while importing machinery, chemicals, metals and specialised manufactured goods.

Both governments have set an ambitious target of doubling bilateral trade by 2030, with some discussions highlighting a broader aspiration of reaching the $10 billion mark through increased investment, industrial cooperation and improved market access.

Business engagement formed an important component of the visit, with trade and investment forums bringing together companies and officials to explore new partnerships. Tusk’s program also included engagements with representatives from the information technology, defence innovation and space sectors in Bangalore, reflecting Poland’s strong interest in India’s growing technology ecosystem.

The relationship is supported by longstanding historical goodwill. During the Second World War, Indian princely states provided refuge to displaced Polish civilians, creating a people-to-people connection that remains deeply respected in Poland today. This legacy continues to reinforce the sense of trust and friendship between the two nations.

For Poland, one of the fastest-growing economies in the European Union and a key member of NATO’s eastern flank, India represents a vast market, an increasingly influential global power and a valuable long-term partner.

For India, Poland offers a gateway to Central and Eastern Europe, greater engagement within the European Union and stronger access to European industrial supply chains.

As geopolitical uncertainty continues and Europe reassesses its security partnerships, both countries appear determined to look beyond geographical distance and build a relationship rooted in strategic convergence, economic opportunity and shared long-term interests.

The growing India-Poland partnership is increasingly being viewed as a practical framework capable of delivering substantial economic gains and stronger strategic cooperation for both nations.

Agencies


Friday, October 23, 2026

Marco Rubio Says India’s Oil Diversification Driven by National Interest, Not US Pressure


US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has said India’s decision to diversify its crude oil imports has been guided by its own strategic interests rather than any pressure from Washington.

In an exclusive interview during his three-day visit to India, Rubio stressed that excessive dependence on a single energy supplier can leave countries exposed to supply disruptions and geopolitical risks. He said India had made significant progress in broadening its energy portfolio and that this should not be viewed as the result of threats or external coercion.

The remarks are significant because India’s purchases of discounted Russian crude have periodically created friction with former US President Donald Trump. Last year, Trump imposed an additional 25 per cent tariff on Indian goods, taking the total levy to 50 per cent, arguing that revenue from Russian oil exports was helping to sustain Moscow’s war effort in Ukraine. The extra tariff was subsequently withdrawn earlier this year.

India has continued to expand its crude oil imports amid global geopolitical uncertainty, although Russia remains the country’s largest supplier. Recent data indicate that Russia’s share of India’s oil imports has fallen to 33.5 per cent from 46.6 per cent, while purchases from the Middle East have increased considerably.

Union Petroleum Minister Hardeep Singh Puri recently highlighted that India, which imports more than 80 per cent of its crude oil requirements, has expanded its network of suppliers from 27 countries to 41. New Delhi has consistently maintained that its energy procurement decisions are based on national interest and the need to secure reliable and affordable supplies for consumers.

Rubio emphasised that India’s energy strategy should not be interpreted simply as a reduction in Russian oil purchases. “It is not so much about buying less Russian oil as it is about buying more US crude or Venezuelan or others from the Western Hemisphere. I think that’s in India’s interests and obviously we want to help facilitate it,” he said.

The US Secretary of State also praised India’s refining sector, describing it as one of the country’s major strengths. “Where India has real capability is ramping up refining. India has the capacity and the capability not just to refine more, but to, in a very short order, have the kinds of investments that would allow it to expand its refining capability even further,” Rubio said.

His comments follow a visit to Reliance Industries’ Jamnagar refining complex, where he reportedly described India as a “refining superpower”. The praise reflects growing US interest in strengthening energy cooperation with India, particularly as global energy supply chains continue to evolve.

Rubio also defended Trump’s recent decision to waive key Russia-related sanctions and tariffs that had raised concerns in India. The measures, which were due to take effect this week, could have exposed Indian exports to tariffs of as much as 100 per cent.

The decision came shortly after Trump reached an agreement with Russian President Vladimir Putin that would allow 3,00,000 tons of Russian diesel to enter the American and global markets. The move drew criticism from Ukraine, which questioned Washington’s approach towards Russian energy exports during the ongoing conflict.

Defending the policy, Rubio argued that foreign policy decisions must take into account broader economic and geopolitical realities rather than viewing every issue solely through the prism of the Russia-Ukraine war. “While we are doing all we can to bring an end to the war, we also recognise the impact it is having on the global economy,” he said.

“I think the President made a very wise decision, which will allow additional energy flows into the global marketplace. Diesel prices are high all over the world,” Rubio added, arguing that increased supplies could help ease pressure on global fuel markets.

When asked to assess the current state of India-US relations on a scale of 10, Rubio declined to assign a numerical rating. Instead, he described the partnership in broader terms, saying, “I wouldn’t put a number on it. It is a very important relationship.”

The comments underscore Washington’s growing recognition of India’s role as a major energy consumer, refining hub and strategic partner. They also reflect a shared interest in expanding energy cooperation while allowing New Delhi to retain flexibility in safeguarding its long-term energy security and economic interests.

Agencies


Thursday, October 22, 2026

Iran Claims Four Oil-Carrying Ships Set Ablaze In Gulf As Tensions Rise Around Strait of Hormuz


Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Navy has claimed that it struck and set fire to four vessels carrying oil cargoes in the northern Persian Gulf, while three other ships reportedly hit mines in the western Strait of Hormuz and were forced to stop operations.

According to a statement carried by Iranian state broadcaster IRIB, the four vessels had previously travelled along what Tehran described as an “illegal route” despite warnings issued to the maritime companies involved.

The IRGC Navy alleged that the companies had been misled by the United States military and had continued using routes that Iran considered unlawful.

Iran claimed that its naval forces tracked and monitored the four vessels after their earlier movements through the disputed route.

The statement said the ships were later found transferring oil cargoes in the northern Persian Gulf, where they were allegedly struck simultaneously and subsequently caught fire.

Iranian authorities also stated that three additional vessels encountered mines in the western section of the Strait of Hormuz on Wednesday night and were brought to a halt.

No evidence regarding the incidents was released publicly, and the IRGC did not identify the ships involved, disclose their ownership, provide details regarding damage, or report any casualties.

The claims emerge against the backdrop of escalating tensions in one of the world's most strategically important maritime chokepoints.

The Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea and remains critical to global energy markets. A substantial share of international seaborne oil trade and liquefied natural gas exports passes through the narrow waterway, making any disruption a matter of global concern.

Reasserting its authority over the region, the IRGC Navy stated that it continued to manage and control maritime movement through the Strait of Hormuz with the backing of the Iranian public.

Iran also accused the United States of encouraging commercial shipping to use what it described as an illegally mined passage, claiming that such actions had contributed to a growing number of maritime incidents.

The IRGC further warned Washington that continued developments along the current trajectory could result in the confrontation expanding beyond maritime encounters.

According to the statement, Iranian officials cautioned that American military facilities in the wider region could become involved if tensions continue to increase. The maritime claims came shortly after United States President Donald Trump indicated that Washington was not currently negotiating with Iran and that developments could occur in the near future.

Speaking during an interview with NewsNation correspondent Libbey Dean, Trump suggested that some engagement had taken place, but stressed that the ultimate outcome remained uncertain.

When asked whether negotiations were continuing, Trump replied that there had been “a little bit” of movement but added that it remained unclear what would happen next.

Pressed on whether the United States had ended negotiations with Tehran, Trump responded that there were no active negotiations and stated that events would unfold one way or another in the near future.

Trump also characterised the situation as a limited conflict involving Iran and argued that the United States was performing strongly both militarily and economically. He pointed to the impact of American sanctions and maintained that Washington remained in a favourable position in its confrontation with Tehran.

However, Trump did not elaborate on the specific actions he expected or provide a timetable for future American policy decisions regarding Iran. The latest developments coincide with reports that Washington and Israel have prepared plans for potential renewed military operations targeting Iran following the American midterm elections.

Reports indicate that the planning has focused on Iran’s energy infrastructure, nuclear facilities, missile inventory and drone capabilities. According to those reports, American and Israeli forces have increased military exercises in recent months, including flights over Iraq designed to rehearse strike operations.

At the same time, Iranian officials have warned that any renewed military action would trigger a response from Tehran.

In remarks carried by the state-affiliated Student News Network, IRGC spokesperson Hossein Mohebbi referenced America’s Massive Ordnance Air Blast weapon, commonly known as the “Mother of All Bombs”.

Mohebbi stated that Iran would reveal what he called the “Father of All Bombs”, describing it as a new capability that would surprise the United States.

Iranian officials have not provided technical details regarding the weapon or explained the nature of the threat. The remarks followed reports that President Trump has considered employing the 22,000-pound GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast bomb against Iran’s deeply buried Pickaxe Mountain nuclear facility.

According to reports, the prospect of renewed military action is also being used as leverage in efforts to influence negotiations concerning Iran’s nuclear activities and the future security arrangement surrounding the Strait of Hormuz.

Iranian negotiators, however, have reportedly resisted making concessions on the nuclear issue and have sought to push detailed discussions on the matter to later stages of any talks. As military planning, diplomatic manoeuvring and maritime tensions continue simultaneously, concerns are growing that the crisis could widen into a broader regional confrontation.

The combination of disputed maritime incidents, warnings from the IRGC, military preparations by the United States and Israel, and persistent disagreements over Iran’s nuclear program has left the region facing a period of heightened uncertainty, with significant implications for international security and global energy markets.

ANI


Elon Musk Ordered Starlink Slowdown That Disrupted Ukraine's Drone Operations, Report Claims


A reported decision by SpaceX chief Elon Musk to reduce the performance of the Starlink satellite network used by Ukraine temporarily disrupted the country's drone operations, according to a Wall Street Journal report that cited US officials and individuals familiar with the matter.

The development has intensified scrutiny of the role private satellite communications systems play in modern warfare and the extent of influence exercised by commercial operators during active conflicts.

According to the report, Musk directed a slowdown affecting Ukraine's access to Starlink services, limiting connectivity relied upon by both offensive and defensive unmanned systems operating against Russian forces. Ukraine has become heavily dependent on SpaceX's satellite infrastructure throughout the conflict, using it to maintain communications links for battlefield units and drone operators.

Starlink connectivity has been particularly important for Ukrainian drone units tasked with intercepting incoming Russian attack drones and carrying out strikes against military targets linked to Moscow's campaign. The reported restrictions therefore had immediate operational consequences on the battlefield.

Ukrainian commanders cited in the report said the disruption lasted roughly a day and contributed to failed missions and the loss of drones during operations. The interruption reportedly reduced the effectiveness of several drone missions at a time when Kyiv continues to rely extensively on unmanned systems to compensate for Russia's larger military capabilities.

Additional reporting indicated that the slowdown affected Starshield, the military-grade version of SpaceX's satellite communications network that is used by Ukraine for sensitive military tasks. Starshield is designed to support military users and provide secure, resilient communications under demanding operational conditions.

Reports suggested that some Ukrainian equipment experienced reduced connectivity speeds, affecting the ability of drones to remain reliably connected during missions. Ukrainian military personnel reportedly began noticing connectivity issues after the restrictions were imposed.

The Wall Street Journal report further claimed that Musk had discussions with members of the Trump administration before implementing the speed cap. Some sources indicated that he spoke with several senior officials, including US President Donald Trump, prior to the decision. Other US officials reportedly maintained that Musk acted independently and that Trump had not specifically instructed him to take action against Ukraine.

The issue generated confusion within Washington regarding who had ultimately authorised the restrictions. Reports indicated that criticism from Kyiv and concerns about the impact on Ukraine's military operations prompted informal discussions within the White House concerning the circumstances surrounding the slowdown.

The controversy emerged as relations between Kyiv and Washington faced additional strain. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy criticised what he described as the failure to warn Ukraine before a wave of major Russian strikes and characterised the lack of notification as completely unjust.

Zelenskyy also accused Moscow of violating what had been described by Trump as an energy ceasefire. His comments came amid continuing Russian attacks, including strikes on civilian areas, reinforcing Ukraine's reliance on drone-based defence capabilities and rapid warning systems.

Some Ukrainian officials and defence representatives suggested that the United States may have had a role in the reduction of speeds experienced by certain Starlink terminals. One senior Ukrainian official voiced frustration and questioned Washington's motives following the disruption.

However, Zelenskyy later said he had held discussions with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio and reported that the early-warning system was once again functioning. He described the exchange with Washington as constructive and emphasised that Ukraine, Europe and the United States all sought peace.

The restoration of critical warning capabilities was regarded as especially important because it enables Ukrainian authorities to receive notice of incoming Russian ballistic missile attacks and improve civilian and military preparedness.

Musk has rejected suggestions that SpaceX was solely responsible for any restrictions placed on Ukraine's military communications network. Responding publicly, he stated that Starshield systems are owned and controlled by the US government and argued that decisions concerning speed limits or usage restrictions are determined by the US military and ultimately by the President of the United States.

The episode has once again highlighted Ukraine's dependence on commercially operated space-based communications systems. It has also reignited debate over the strategic influence held by private technology companies whose platforms have become deeply embedded in military and national security operations during the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

Agencies


Indian Army Set For New Land Warfare Doctrine As Military Leadership Charts Future Combat Strategy


The Indian Army is set to adopt a new Land Warfare Doctrine aimed at reshaping its operational outlook and combat preparedness in response to the rapidly evolving character of modern warfare.

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh will formally release the doctrine on Friday, the concluding day of the Army Commanders' Conference, the Army’s highest-level biannual decision-making forum currently underway in New Delhi.

The three-day conference, chaired by Army Chief General Dhiraj Seth, began on Wednesday and has brought together the senior-most leadership of the Indian Army to review the security environment, assess operational preparedness and examine future capability requirements.

According to the Ministry of Defence, the new doctrine will serve as an overarching strategic and operational framework designed to prepare the force for emerging military challenges and future conflicts.

The doctrine is expected to reflect the rapidly changing nature of warfare, where technology, unmanned systems, precision weapons, artificial intelligence, electronic warfare and network-centric operations are increasingly shaping battlefield outcomes.

Its release comes against the backdrop of lessons drawn from recent conflicts and military operations, including Operation Sindoor last year, during which drones and other advanced technologies played a significant role in military operations.

The Indian Army is seeking to adapt to a battlespace that is becoming more transparent, more connected and increasingly influenced by real-time surveillance, cyber capabilities and autonomous systems.

Military planners view the doctrine as a key step in ensuring that the Army remains capable of operating effectively across conventional and emerging domains of warfare while maintaining readiness for future security contingencies.

Beyond the unveiling of the doctrine, the conference agenda includes discussions on a broad range of strategic and operational issues facing the armed forces.

Senior military leaders are deliberating on cross-domain security challenges, force modernisation priorities, operational readiness, technological adaptation and long-term transformation initiatives. A major focus of the deliberations is enhancing inter-service integration and strengthening synergy among the Army, Navy and Air Force as India moves towards a more integrated military structure.

The conference will also examine digital transformation within the defence establishment, reflecting the growing importance of secure communications, data-driven decision-making and technological innovation in military operations.

The event features addresses and panel discussions involving some of the country's leading national security figures, including senior defence officials, the Chief of the Naval Staff and representatives from the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.

These interactions are expected to contribute to the Army’s efforts to integrate emerging technologies into operational planning and future force development.

The conference is intended to help formulate policy directions and identify priority areas that will guide the Army’s modernisation and transformation efforts in the coming years. Army leaders are working towards building a technologically enabled, agile and future-ready force capable of responding effectively to increasingly complex security challenges across multiple domains.

On the final day of the conference, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh will also unveil the annual United Nations Journal.

In addition, he will honour Indian Army personnel who have displayed exceptional professionalism, dedication and service while participating in United Nations peacekeeping missions around the world. The recognition highlights India's longstanding contribution to international peacekeeping operations and the significant role played by Indian military personnel under the UN flag.

Army Chief General Dhiraj Seth will also present special awards for Green Military Stations and Aviation Flight Safety. These awards recognise military establishments that have demonstrated excellence in environmentally responsible resource management and units that have maintained high standards of aviation safety and operational discipline.

Taken together, the release of the new Land Warfare Doctrine and the discussions at the Army Commanders' Conference underscore the Indian Army’s effort to evolve into a more adaptive, technologically advanced and future-oriented fighting force capable of meeting the demands of modern warfare and an increasingly complex global security environment.

Agencies


Wednesday, October 21, 2026

Iran Rebukes Asim Munir Says'Uranium Not Leaving Iran' On Uranium Transfer Plan


Iran has firmly rejected any proposal to transfer its enriched uranium stockpile to a third country, delivering a clear message to Pakistan's Asim Munir during high-level talks in Tehran.

Mohsen Rezaei, Secretary of Iran's Supreme National Security Council, told Munir that not even a small quantity of enriched nuclear material would be allowed to leave Iran, describing the stockpile as a strategic national asset and a source of national wealth intended for domestic use.

The remarks came as Munir visited Tehran as part of Pakistan's renewed effort to mediate between Iran and the United States and revive stalled diplomatic negotiations between the two sides.

Rezaei also reiterated Iran's position that negotiations with Washington cannot resume until the United States takes practical steps to rebuild trust and fully addresses Tehran's conditions for renewed engagement.

Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian reinforced that stance during his meeting with Munir, insisting that dialogue cannot take place while the United States continues to apply pressure through threats and sanctions.

Pezeshkian argued that Washington must first remove those measures before meaningful discussions can begin, adding that many Iranians remain deeply sceptical of American intentions and fear that renewed negotiations could be followed by further military action.

Iranian Parliament Speaker and senior negotiator Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf echoed the same message, stating that Tehran's position has not changed and that the United States must satisfy Iran's seven conditions before it can regain the country's confidence.

Ghalibaf further maintained that military pressure and threats would have no impact on Iran's long-term strategic decision-making.

Pakistan has emerged as an important intermediary between Tehran and Washington, yet its diplomatic efforts have struggled to gain momentum since an Islamabad-backed truce reached in June failed to produce a lasting settlement and was subsequently undermined by renewed tensions.

More recent indirect discussions between American and Iranian representatives on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly also failed to deliver a breakthrough, leaving the peace process effectively stalled.

The wider conflict traces its origins to a sharp escalation earlier this year involving the United States, Israel and Iran, which disrupted ongoing negotiations concerning Tehran's nuclear program.

Among Iran's principal demands are a ceasefire across the Middle East, the release of frozen Iranian assets held abroad and the removal of sanctions targeting the country's oil sector. Additional Iranian positions reported in recent diplomatic exchanges include easing restrictions affecting maritime trade and regional shipping routes.

The dispute over Iran's nuclear activities remains one of the most significant obstacles to a broader agreement. Tehran has consistently rejected calls to surrender or export its enriched uranium stockpile, which is enriched to approximately 60 per cent, below weapons-grade levels but significantly above civilian requirements.

Iranian officials have previously indicated that technical adjustments to enrichment levels could be considered within Iran, but they continue to oppose removing nuclear material from the country.

The United States and its allies have imposed extensive sanctions on Iran for years, maintaining that Tehran seeks the capability to develop nuclear weapons. Iran continues to reject those allegations, insisting that its nuclear activities are intended solely for peaceful and domestic purposes.

Agencies


Tuesday, October 20, 2026

India Puts Security First As National Cyber Security And Intelligence Bureau Rejects Need For Starlink


The National Cyber Security and Intelligence Bureau (NCIB) has asserted that India does not require Starlink’s services, stressing that national security, data privacy and digital sovereignty must take precedence over access to foreign-operated high-speed internet networks.

According to the organisation, India already possesses a strong and expanding telecommunications ecosystem and has no reason to compromise on critical national interests merely to obtain connectivity from an overseas provider.

NCIB maintained that the country is adequately served by its existing telecom infrastructure and domestic network capabilities. It argued that any communications platform operating in India must align fully with the nation’s security requirements and regulatory framework.

The organisation emphasised that issues relating to data security, lawful oversight and sovereign control over communications networks cannot be overlooked in favour of faster internet access. It warned that technological convenience should never outweigh concerns connected to national interests.

The remarks come amid continuing debate over Starlink’s proposed expansion in India. The satellite internet service, owned by Elon Musk’s SpaceX, has sought to enter the Indian market to provide broadband connectivity through a constellation of low-Earth-orbit satellites.

Supporters of satellite broadband argue that such services can extend internet access to remote and underserved regions where traditional terrestrial infrastructure remains limited. However, concerns have been raised by policymakers, security experts and industry stakeholders regarding data governance, regulatory compliance and the strategic implications of relying on foreign-controlled communication networks.

India has simultaneously been advancing its own digital connectivity ambitions through extensive mobile and broadband expansion, with domestic telecom operators continuing to enhance coverage across urban, rural and remote areas. Policymakers have repeatedly underlined that foreign technology providers must operate within India’s security and regulatory requirements.

Reiterating its position, NCIB said India does not need to sacrifice security, privacy or sovereignty for foreign satellite internet services, insisting that the nation’s existing telecom ecosystem remains fully capable of supporting its connectivity objectives while safeguarding national interests.

Agencies


Missile Age Warfare: How Long-Range Precision Strikes Are Redefining Modern Conflict


Long-range precision strike weapons are increasingly transforming the way wars are fought, shifting the focus from traditional battlefield engagements towards stand-off attacks conducted hundreds of kilometres from the front line.

Advances in satellites, unmanned aerial systems and multi-spectrum sensors now allow military commanders to identify and track targets across vast distances. At the same time, modern missiles and guided rockets enable those targets to be struck with increasing accuracy, reducing reliance on manned aircraft operating in hostile airspace.

The growing importance of these weapons was highlighted during the recent conflict involving Iran, the United States and Israel. Tehran relied heavily on its missile arsenal to project military power and sustain military operations after its ageing air force suffered severe attrition. Despite decades of sanctions limiting its access to advanced military technology, Iran’s extensive missile inventory allowed it to retain strategic relevance and strike targets far beyond its borders.

The United States likewise demonstrated the growing role of land-based precision fires through the deployment of the Precision Strike Missile (PrSM), a next-generation weapon with a range of approximately 500 km. The missile forms part of Washington’s broader doctrine of using long-range stand-off capabilities to destroy critical targets before committing other forces. The PrSM is intended to replace ATACMS and provides greater launcher capacity and deeper strike options.

American forces have employed similar concepts since the First Gulf War in 1991. Long-range cruise missiles have frequently been used to open military campaigns in the Balkans, Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria and Iran, allowing operations to begin without immediately exposing pilots and aircraft to sophisticated enemy air-defence systems.

China and Russia have also invested heavily in large rocket and missile forces capable of launching conventional and strategic strikes deep into an adversary’s territory, illustrating the global importance of long-range firepower.

The trend was clearly visible in South Asia during Operation Sindoor in May 2025. India employed long-range missiles to strike terrorist infrastructure in Muridke and Bahawalpur before expanding attacks against major Pakistani airbases, including Bholari, Sargodha and Nur Khan.

These strikes significantly disrupted Pakistani air operations and demonstrated the ability of precision stand-off weapons to produce strategic effects without large-scale ground offensives. Pakistan responded by launching missiles, rockets and drones against military installations across Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat. Indian air-defence networks intercepted or neutralised the overwhelming majority of these attacks.

One of the most notable incidents involved a Fatah-II missile reportedly directed towards the National Capital Region. The missile was intercepted over Sirsa in Haryana on May 10, with debris later recovered from the area.

The experience exposed a major capability gap within Pakistan’s military structure. Islamabad concluded that it lacked sufficient conventional long-range options capable of penetrating India’s increasingly dense missile-defence architecture. In response, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif announced the establishment of the Army Rocket Force Command on August 13, 2025.

Led by a three-star general, the new command consolidates conventional missile and rocket formations previously dispersed across different services and commands. The objective is to provide faster decision-making, centralised control and concentrated long-range firepower.

Pakistan's military planners concluded that a large operational gap existed between conventional military operations and the nuclear threshold. India successfully exploited this space during Operation Sindoor through extensive use of conventional precision missiles, particularly BrahMos, against Pakistani military infrastructure.

The Army Rocket Force Command has therefore been created to provide Islamabad with additional conventional response options while avoiding immediate nuclear escalation. The command is expected to revolve around the Fatah family of missile systems. The Fatah-I serves as a guided multiple rocket launcher capable of engaging tactical targets at ranges between 70 km and 140 km.

The Fatah-II extends engagement distances to roughly 400 km and combines inertial navigation with satellite guidance. The missile saw operational use during the 2025 conflict. Pakistan subsequently tested the Fatah-2 Extended Range missile in October 2026. Although Islamabad has described the system as hypersonic, no publicly available flight data has yet confirmed that claim.

Additional capabilities include the supersonic Fatah-III and the Fatah-IV (all reportedly Chinese sourced) ground-launched cruise missile, which reportedly possesses a range of up to 750 km. Pakistan also operates Chinese-origin A-100 multiple rocket launchers derived from Russia’s Smerch design, a system that is also fielded by India.

Reports continue to circulate regarding a possible Fatah-V missile with a range approaching 1,000 km, although its existence remains unconfirmed.

Questions also remain over whether longer-range systems such as Shaheen, Ghauri and Babur missiles will ultimately fall under the Army Rocket Force Command structure. The new formation is distinct from Pakistan’s Strategic Plans Division, which oversees the country’s nuclear arsenal and associated command-and-control arrangements.

While the Strategic Plans Division retains responsibility for nuclear-capable systems, the Army Rocket Force Command focuses primarily on conventional rockets and missiles intended to provide non-nuclear retaliation options.

However, the parallel existence of both organisations introduces coordination challenges. Pakistan must now maintain additional command networks, communications systems, infrastructure and specialised personnel while ensuring smooth cooperation during crises.

Another concern centres on production capacity. Pakistan’s defence-industrial base has historically prioritised low-volume strategic systems rather than the larger manufacturing output required to sustain a major rocket force.

India, meanwhile, has steadily expanded its own long-range conventional strike capabilities. The Indian Army now fields a diverse mix of systems including Pinaka, Smerch, BrahMos and Pralay.

Pralay is a solid-fuel, quasi-ballistic missile with a reported engagement range of 150 km to 500 km. Equipped with a manoeuvrable re-entry vehicle and conventional warhead, the missile is designed for precision strikes against high-value targets. India approved procurement of approximately 120 Pralay missiles in 2022, while successful user trials continued during 2025.

The latest BrahMos developments are expected to extend the missile’s range towards 800 km, significantly expanding India's ability to conduct conventional deep-strike operations. At the same time, engineers are developing a long-range guided version of the Pinaka rocket system capable of reaching targets up to 120 km away.

India is also pursuing subsonic land-attack cruise missiles, including the Long-Range Land Attack Cruise Missile, which is expected to be produced in larger numbers and at lower cost than BrahMos. The strategic rationale is increasingly clear. Deep-strike missions were traditionally assigned to the Indian Air Force, but modern air-defence networks can threaten aircraft at tremendous distances.

Operation Sindoor demonstrated this reality when the S-400 reportedly engaged a Pakistani aircraft from more than 300 km away. As a result, missiles now offer an increasingly attractive method of attacking command centres, logistics hubs, airfields, ammunition depots and transportation nodes while preserving valuable combat aircraft for other missions.

Alongside offensive capabilities, India has invested heavily in a layered defensive shield. The Integrated Air Command and Control System connects sensors, radars and missile batteries into a unified network capable of responding rapidly to incoming threats.

During Operation Sindoor, this network played a critical role in protecting military infrastructure against Pakistani missiles, rockets and drones. Systems such as the S-400, MR-SAM, Akash and specialised counter-drone defences provided multiple layers of protection. India ordered five S-400 squadrons under a ₹35,000-crore agreement signed in 2018, with three squadrons operational during the conflict.

Although New Delhi has not officially disclosed which interceptor destroyed the Fatah-II missile, defence sources indicated that the S-400, Akash-NG and MR-SAM all possessed the necessary capability. The country is now seeking to build an even more ambitious air and missile-defence architecture through Mission Sudarshan Chakra, announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in August 2025.

A central pillar of this initiative is Project Kusha, an indigenous long-range air-defence system intended to bridge the capability gap between MR-SAM and the S-400. Project Kusha is planned to field interceptor variants with engagement ranges of approximately 150 km, 250 km and 350-400 km, creating an additional defensive layer within India’s integrated air-defence network.

The project is being accelerated by the Indian Air Force and DRDO following lessons learned during Operation Sindoor, while initial testing has reportedly demonstrated encouraging results. Additional programmes under development include Akash-NG, VSHORADS and the country’s two-tier ballistic missile-defence architecture.

Taken together, these developments underline a fundamental shift in modern warfare.

The competition between India and Pakistan is no longer solely determined by control of the air. Instead, it is increasingly defined by which side can strike farther, penetrate layered defences, protect critical assets and sustain precision attacks over extended periods.

Long-range missiles, rockets, cruise missiles and integrated air-defence networks are rapidly becoming the decisive instruments shaping the future battlefield.

Agencies