Rocket Launch Bottlenecks Propel Space Economy Towards Record $100 Billion Milestone

Global investment in the space economy is on course to exceed $100 billion for the first time in 2026, marking a historic milestone for the sector.

According to Space Capital, investment reached $92.5 billion during the first nine months of the year, already surpassing the previous full-year record established in 2025.

The investment surge reflects a combination of tightening rocket launch availability, increasing government demand and a growing determination among nations to develop independent access to space rather than rely on established providers.

Space Capital noted that the commercial space industry is entering a new phase, with access to launch services becoming significantly more competitive. The long-held assumption that satellite operators could secure a launch aboard a SpaceX Falcon-9 whenever required is no longer considered reliable.

A key factor behind this shift is the growing shortage of launch capacity. SpaceX has reportedly stopped accepting rideshare reservations beyond late 2028, creating uncertainty for satellite operators that previously depended on shared-launch opportunities to reduce costs.

As a result, investors are directing substantial capital towards alternative launch providers. Pure Launch secured $7.8 billion in funding during 2026, while Stoke Space raised $1 billion in a Series E round to accelerate development of its Nova rocket. Blue Origin also raised external funding for the first time in its 26-year history, with investor demand exceeding the amount available in the round.

The competition to establish new launch capabilities is becoming increasingly international. During the quarter, China successfully recovered a Long March 10B booster at sea and achieved a landing with its Zhuque-3 rocket. India's Skyroot became the country's first private company to place a rocket into orbit, while Isar Aerospace became the first commercial rocket business to reach orbit from Western European territory.

Europe emerged as one of the biggest beneficiaries of the changing investment landscape. The region attracted $6.3 billion in space-related investment during the third quarter, setting a record for a second consecutive quarter. Europe accounted for 28 per cent of global space investment, its highest share since 2019.

European space companies raised $13.5 billion during the first nine months of 2026, already exceeding every previous annual total and underlining growing investor confidence in the continent's expanding launch and satellite capabilities.

Governments are also playing a more influential role in shaping the market. Rather than acting solely as regulators or customers, many are becoming anchor clients for commercial space ventures as national security, communications resilience and sovereign access to orbit rise in strategic importance.

The report suggests a broader transformation is under way. Countries that previously leased access to launch infrastructure are increasingly investing in domestic capabilities, reflecting concerns over supply constraints, geopolitical uncertainty and long-term technological independence.

Taken together, these trends indicate that access to orbit is evolving from a commercial service into a strategic asset. The industry is becoming less dependent on a single launch provider and more diversified, with new competitors, stronger regional ecosystems and growing public-sector involvement reshaping the global space economy.

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India, France, and UAE Deepen Trilateral Ties Across Emerging Technologies, Space, And Culture At 81st UNGA Session

India, France, and the United Arab Emirates have collectively assessed and reviewed the steady progress of their trilateral cooperation across several key domains of shared interest.

During a high-level ministerial meeting convened on the sidelines of the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, the three nations focused heavily on advancing synergies in space exploration, artificial intelligence, culture, and heritage preservation.

The landmark India-France-UAE Trilateral Ministerial Meeting took place on Tuesday, bringing together top diplomatic leadership from all three participating countries. External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar spearheaded the delegation representing India during these strategic deliberations.

The French delegation was headed by the Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs, Jean-Noël Barrot. Meanwhile, the Emirati side was led by the UAE Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister, Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan.

Summarising the outcome of the deliberations, Jaishankar shared that the three nations also engaged in discussions regarding expanded cooperation in health sciences and energy, underscoring the strategic possibilities unlocked by their complementary capabilities.

In an official statement published on social media platform X, Jaishankar expressed his satisfaction with the proceedings, stating that he was glad to participate in the trilateral meeting on the sidelines of UNGA 81.

He highlighted that collaboration in artificial intelligence, space, health sciences, energy, and culture served as the core focus of their discussions, adding that shared interests and complementary capabilities provide immense scope for future joint initiatives, with an agreement to meet again soon to advance the agenda.

An official press release issued by the Ministry of External Affairs detailed that the ministers thoroughly reviewed progress across all mutually agreed sector frameworks, laying emphasis on space technology, artificial intelligence, and cultural heritage conservation.

Beyond bilateral and trilateral technological initiatives, the three diplomatic heads exchanged views on pressing geopolitical realities, including the ongoing developments in West Asia, while exploring actionable pathways to strengthen and diversify cooperation in areas of shared strategic concern.

The Ministry of External Affairs noted that the leaders underlined the imperative to build upon the foundation of strong and friendly relations existing between the nations, driving forward the partnership through concrete action plans.

India, France, and the UAE reaffirmed their joint commitment to forging constructive, forward-looking ties through practical programs, agreeing to convene meetings at regular intervals to continuously review ongoing momentum and monitor progress across all joint domains.

This high-level review in New York underscores the ongoing momentum of the three-nation axis as it aligns strategic priorities across emerging frontier technologies, space endeavours, clean energy transitions, healthcare research, and cultural diplomacy, alongside ongoing dialogue on regional stability.

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A New Horizon In Space: ISRO And ESA Broaden Strategic Partnership Until 2032

The European Space Agency (ESA) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) have formally signed an exchange of letters extending their long-standing Cooperative Agreement for a further five years, pushing the validity of the historic pact until 8 January 2032.

This extension reaffirms the shared commitment of Europe and India to expand their bilateral cooperation across an array of cutting-edge space endeavours. The official signature ceremony took place in Paris on the margins of the International Space Summit on 10 September 2026, marking another significant milestone in the decades-long partnership between the two space giants.

Speaking on the significance of the renewed framework, ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher stated that international cooperation remains essential as space activities expand beyond Earth orbit and new opportunities emerge in space exploration, sustainability, and advanced space technologies.

He noted that ESA and ISRO have built a trusted partnership spanning more than two decades, and emphasised that this renewed agreement positions both agencies to pursue even greater ambitions together while delivering tangible benefits for their respective citizens and economies.

He added that the European agency eagerly looks forward to continuing this successful collaboration in the years ahead.

The underlying Cooperative Agreement, which initially entered into force in January 2002, serves as the overarching foundational framework for structured cooperation between ESA and ISRO across a broad spectrum of space activities.

Over the years, the two agencies have worked closely together on numerous high-profile initiatives spanning Earth observation, satellite navigation, space science, and critical ground station mission operations support. Building upon this base, both entities had also expressed their intention to deepen collaboration through a Joint Statement of Intent on human space exploration, which was signed last year.

The newly signed exchange of letters not only extends the longevity of the Cooperative Agreement but also comprehensively updates its scope to reflect the rapidly evolving priorities of the global space sector. In addition to existing domain areas of cooperation, the updated agreement now explicitly integrates space weather alongside human and robotic space exploration.

Furthermore, the revised framework formally recognises the growing imperative surrounding the long-term sustainability of outer space activities, ensuring that orbit cleanliness, debris mitigation, and space situational awareness remain central to future joint endeavours.

Reflecting on the milestone, Dr V. Narayanan, Chairman of ISRO, stated that the enduring partnership between ISRO and ESA has consistently delivered tangible scientific and technological benefits for both India and Europe.

He highlighted that the joint efforts have repeatedly demonstrated the immense value of international cooperation in advancing complex space activities.

The Chairman further noted that the formal renewal of this agreement directly reflects the shared ambition of ISRO and ESA to pursue pioneering innovation and scientific progress for the ultimate benefit of their societies.

This strategic extension strongly reaffirms the deep-seated commitment of both space agencies to continue building upon their established operational partnership.

By creating an updated baseline, ISRO from its headquarters in Bangalore and ESA from Europe are set to explore fresh avenues for cooperation, driving scientific discovery, fostering technological innovation, and ensuring the sustainable, peaceful use of outer space for years to come.

ESA Press Release

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ESA And ISRO Deepen Cooperation On Human Space Flight, Lunar Exploration And Venus Mission

The European Space Agency (ESA) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) are intensifying cooperation in human space flight, lunar exploration, and Venus missions, with discussions taking place at the International Space Summit in Paris, The Hindu reported.

This collaboration builds on existing agreements for Gaganyaan ground support and extends to India’s ambitious Bharatiya Antariksh Station and the upcoming Venus Orbiter Mission scheduled for 2028.

A high-level Indian delegation is participating in the International Space Summit in Paris, where ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher confirmed that he would meet ISRO Chairperson Dr. V. Narayanan. 

He emphasised that exploration remains a priority for both agencies and that several cooperation points are already under discussion.

Daniel Neuenschwander, ESA’s Director for Human and Robotic Exploration, elaborated that the agencies are exploring collaboration in human space flight and lunar exploration. He noted that ESA has already signed an agreement with ISRO for cooperation on the Gaganyaan program.

India is preparing to launch humans into space with its own capability and is developing the Bharatiya Antariksh Station. ESA is keen to explore how both sides can mutually benefit from these capabilities, beginning with low Earth orbit and extending to lunar exploration.

ISRO and ESA have already signed a Technical Implementing Plan (TIP) for Ground Tracking Support for Gaganyaan missions. This agreement enables ESA to provide ground station support, ensuring continuity in data flow and communication with the Orbital Module for monitoring and orbital operations.

The Gaganyaan project aims to demonstrate human spaceflight capability by launching a crew of three members to an orbit of 400 km for a three-day mission, before safely returning them to Indian sea waters.

The agencies are also exploring cooperation in the Venus Orbiter Mission. Professor Carole Mindel, ESA’s Director of Space, explained that ESA’s Venus science coordination group partners with agencies interested in Venus missions, and discussions with ISRO are underway to ensure complementarity between the missions.

India’s maiden Venus Orbiter Mission, with an approved outlay of ₹1,236 crore, is scheduled for launch in March 2028. The spacecraft will embark on a 112-day journey to Venus, departing Earth on 29 March 2028 and arriving on 19 July 2028. It will be launched aboard the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM-3).

The mission will carry 19 payloads, including 16 Indian instruments, two collaborative payloads, and one international payload. This comprehensive suite reflects India’s growing scientific ambition and its willingness to integrate international collaboration into planetary exploration.

Sweden has already joined the mission with its Venusian Neutrals Analyser payload, while Norway has expanded cooperation with ISRO in space applications, Arctic observations, and infrastructure support. These partnerships highlight Europe’s increasing interest in India’s planetary programs.

The Venus mission aims to study the planet’s dense atmosphere, volcanic surface, extreme weather systems, and super-rotating clouds.

Scientists are particularly interested in understanding whether Venus once resembled Earth before a runaway greenhouse effect transformed it into a hostile world. Insights from this mission could inform planetary science and climate studies closer to home.

This growing cooperation between ESA and ISRO complements India’s broader international engagements, including recent invitations from NASA to join its Moon base program under the Artemis Accords. Together, these partnerships underscore India’s emergence as a major scientific and strategic player in global space exploration.

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India’s Space Start-Ups Poised To Challenge Global Giants

The global space race is undergoing a transformation at a pace unimaginable a decade ago. Space exploration is no longer the exclusive preserve of Governments and national agencies. It is being reshaped by private enterprise, commercial capital and rapid technological innovation.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s call during his interaction with the founders of 20 space start-ups on National Space Day for India to build a global aura around its private space sector comes at the right moment.

The next phase of India’s space journey must rest not merely on national prestige but on a genuine commercial space ecosystem capable of competing with the world’s best.

This transformation is most visible in the United States, where NASA no longer holds a monopoly over access to space. Private companies have become dominant forces in launch technology, satellite systems, reusable rockets and space-based communications.

Elon Musk’s SpaceX has redefined what private enterprise can achieve beyond the atmosphere. The lesson is clear: the future of space will belong as much to nimble companies as to traditional state agencies.

This matters because space technology is becoming the backbone of everyday life. Satellites underpin navigation, broadcasting, disaster response, weather forecasting and strategic communication. The next leap is wireless, satellite-delivered connectivity that reduces reliance on vast physical cabling networks stretching across lakhs of kilometres.

Starlink has demonstrated that high-speed connectivity can be beamed from orbit, particularly to remote terrain where laying conventional infrastructure is costly or impractical.

The applications extend well beyond communication. Agriculture, India’s most vital sector, stands to gain enormously. Satellite imagery and weather data can help farmers track crop health, assess soil and moisture conditions, and anticipate adverse weather before it strikes.

Better forecasting of rainfall and extreme weather events can sharpen agricultural planning and cut losses. Space-based data can equally support livestock and dairy management, environmental monitoring, water conservation and disaster preparedness. Modi himself urged start-up founders to explore these opportunities further.

India embarks on this new era with a strong foundation. ISRO has repeatedly shown that extraordinary achievement does not require extravagant spending. Its reputation for delivering ambitious missions at remarkably low cost has earned global respect.

Chandrayaan-3’s successful lunar landing, commemorated each year on National Space Day, proved India’s technological maturity and its capacity for missions of global significance. Yet Government achievement alone cannot sustain leadership in a commercial space economy.

ISRO has laid the foundation, but the baton must now be shared with private enterprise. ISRO should continue to anchor frontier research and strategic missions, while private players bring speed, capital, commercial discipline and appetite for risk that Government institutions cannot always match.

Early signs are encouraging. Skyroot Aerospace, India’s first space-tech unicorn, has already flown the country’s first privately built rocket into orbit. Its founders speak of scaling from one launch a month to one a week and eventually several a day.

Alongside it, a growing cluster of firms spanning launch services, satellites, earth observation and space situational awareness is attracting serious investment and international contracts.

One start-up reportedly secured eight launch contracts within a month of its debut flight. India’s deepest asset remains its scientific and engineering talent. There is now a real opportunity to draw back Indian-origin professionals who built careers abroad.

Unlike the structured recruitment pathways of public institutions, private companies can hire laterally, reward niche expertise and assemble multidisciplinary teams quickly. This flexibility could prove decisive in the global contest for talent.

None of this will succeed without policy stability. Investors committing large sums to rockets and satellites need confidence that rules will not shift arbitrarily. The Prime Minister’s emphasis on consistency and trust is well placed.

A predictable regulatory environment and reliable access to infrastructure will unlock entrepreneurial risk-taking more effectively than rhetoric. India has proven scientific capability, cost competitiveness, deep talent and a maturing entrepreneurial culture. The space juggernaut has begun to move, and the momentum is unmistakable.

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India And France To Launch Trishna Satellite In 2027 As Modi Hails Strategic Partnership

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, addressing the Indian community in Paris on Thursday, emphasised that the India–France partnership has become a pillar of trust, stability and cooperation at a time when the world is facing uncertainty and disruption.

He announced that India and France will jointly launch the TRISHNA satellite next year, a mission designed to contribute to global food and water security.

The Prime Minister highlighted the growing scope of the bilateral relationship, noting that cooperation now spans defence, space, nuclear energy, artificial intelligence, critical minerals and high-speed rail. He reminded the audience that earlier this year the two countries elevated their ties to a Special Global Strategic Partnership, underscoring the depth of collaboration.

Referring to his discussions with French President Emmanuel Macron in Nice, Mr Modi said the two leaders had agreed to strengthen bilateral ties for the benefit of the international community. He remarked that the partnership would advance in every field, from defence to nuclear energy, from artificial intelligence to critical minerals and railways.

Announcing a major space collaboration, Mr Modi declared that India and France will launch the TRISHNA satellite in 2027. TRISHNA, or Thermal InfraRed Imaging Satellite for High-resolution Natural resource Assessment, is a joint Earth observation mission developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the French space agency CNES. It is designed to monitor land and water resources through advanced thermal infrared imaging.

The satellite will provide high spatial and temporal resolution monitoring of Earth’s surface temperature, emissivity, biophysical and radiation variables. Its primary objectives include detailed monitoring of the energy and water budgets of the continental biosphere, quantifying terrestrial water stress and water use, and observing water quality and dynamics in coastal and inland waters.

Secondary objectives include assessing urban heat islands, detecting volcanic and geothermal anomalies, monitoring snow-melt runoff and glacier dynamics, and tracking atmospheric water vapour and cloud cover.

Equipped with two primary payloads, TRISHNA combines a Thermal Infra-Red sensor provided by CNES with a Visible–Near Infra-Red–Short Wave Infra-Red payload developed by ISRO.

Together, these instruments will deliver unprecedented detail, with a resolution of around 60 metres and revisit intervals of three days, enabling scientists to track droughts, evapotranspiration, permafrost changes and water quality with far greater precision than existing systems.

Mr Modi underlined that the mission would support agriculture, water management, climate monitoring and environmental sustainability, thereby strengthening food and water security worldwide. He noted that such collaborations demonstrate how India and France are working together for global good.

The Prime Minister also spoke of India’s transformative growth over the past 12 years. He said that 25 crore people have been lifted out of poverty, exports have increased 35-fold, and mobile manufacturing has grown 100-fold, making India the world’s second-largest mobile manufacturer. He stressed that India now stands as the fastest-growing major economy.

Mr Modi described serving the country as an elected Prime Minister for 12 consecutive years as the greatest privilege of his life. He concluded his multi-city visit to France by attending the G7 Summit in Evian, where he engaged in discussions on global challenges alongside other world leaders.

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ISRO Validates Amazon Web Services And European Space Agency Communication Links For Gaganyaan Mission

ISRO has taken a significant step forward in its preparations for the Gaganyaan mission by operationalising and validating parts of the communication and ground support network, including systems linked to Amazon Web Services (AWS).

The space agency confirmed that the AWS network was successfully tested and validated through its support to the SpaDeX (Space Docking Experiment) mission.

Alongside this, ISRO also validated network operations with the European Space Agency (ESA) ground station through a series of Radio Frequency Compatibility Tests.

End-to-end data flow checks for audio and video transmission were carried out at the ESA ground station in Germany, with successful results. Domestically, feeder stations for the IDRSS-1 (first Indian Data Relay Satellite System) have been established at the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bangalore and at the spaceport in Sriharikota. Network configuration, testing and evaluation of these facilities have been completed, marking a crucial milestone in mission readiness.

ISRO further demonstrated data, audio and video transmission and reception using the GSAT satellite. Terrestrial communication links have been established between the Indian Naval Station and SHAR in Sriharikota, as well as between the Gaganyaan Mission Control Centre in Bangalore and the Gaganyaan 

Control Facility at SHAR. These links have also been extended to connect with the Crew Module Recovery Centre in Delhi, with successful testing completed.

In another important development, ISRO has signed a contract with the Swedish Space Corporation to provide ground station support for the first uncrewed Gaganyaan mission.

Additionally, a deed of licence has been executed to set up a ground station terminal at Australia’s Cocos (Keeling) Islands, further strengthening international collaboration and coverage.

These advances build upon groundwork first reported in 2022, when ISRO carried out a proof-of-concept exercise to explore the use of AWS ground stations for telemetry, tracking and command (TTC) operations for Gaganyaan.

At that time, ISRO tested one of the AWS ground stations using the SARAL satellite. Then chairman S Somanath had confirmed that the tests were aimed at evaluating whether AWS infrastructure could support Gaganyaan operations, though no final decision had been taken.

Human spaceflight missions demand near-continuous tracking and communication coverage across the spacecraft’s orbit, unlike conventional satellite missions that rely on fewer ground stations.

Former ISRO chairman K Sivan had earlier explained that the agency was working with nearly 40 ground stations worldwide to support astronaut tracking, with relay satellites covering blind spots over oceans and remote regions.

Plans had also been finalised to relocate the IDRSS-2 relay satellite after launch to improve mission visibility coverage.

International arrangements were pursued, including support from the Australian Space Agency for TTC operations from the Cocos Islands during the ascent phase.

The latest validation exercises indicate that several of these plans have now moved from proposal stage to operational readiness. With these developments, India is advancing steadily towards its first human spaceflight mission under Gaganyaan.

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ISRO Builds Secure Europe Link To Boost Gaganyaan Crew Safety

India is taking another decisive step in its human spaceflight ambitions by strengthening communication infrastructure for the Gaganyaan mission.

The Indian Space Research Organisation is developing a secure, high‑speed fibre communication link with Europe to ensure real‑time data transfer and enhance astronaut safety during future missions.

This initiative is part of India’s broader vision of sending humans into space and eventually undertaking lunar expeditions.

The plan involves establishing a dedicated connection between two critical centres. On the Indian side, the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, which houses one of ISRO’s tracking stations, will be linked to the European Space Operations Centre in Darmstadt, Germany.

This European facility supports space missions worldwide and will play a key role in ensuring seamless communication. The link will be built using optical fibre technology, which transmits data through light, offering faster and more reliable performance over long distances. This will allow large volumes of mission data to be transferred without delays.

To further secure the system, ISRO will employ a private network known as MPLS, which operates independently of the public internet. This ensures that communication remains stable and protected from external interference.

Specialised routers will be installed at both ends to manage and direct the flow of data efficiently. The primary objective is to enable real‑time sharing of critical information such as spacecraft telemetry, tracking details, and ground commands. For missions involving astronauts, rapid response times are vital to address any situation effectively.

Officials have emphasised that constant communication between spacecraft and ground stations is essential for human spaceflight. Even minor delays in transmitting or receiving data can affect decision‑making and potentially put the mission at risk.

By collaborating with international centres and investing in advanced communication technology, ISRO is strengthening its capabilities and moving closer to achieving safe and successful human space missions.

This development underscores India’s determination to build robust systems that safeguard crew safety while advancing its long‑term space exploration goals.

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Eutelsat Courts ISRO Launches To Counter Starlink, As Europe–India Space Ties Deepen

Eutelsat, the European satellite operator and rival to Elon Musk’s Starlink, is actively negotiating with India’s space agency ISRO to broaden its launch options, reported Reuters.

The company, headquartered in France, has been seeking to reduce its reliance on SpaceX and Europe’s Ariane rockets, particularly after losing access to Russia’s Soyuz launchers following the Ukraine war. Chief Executive Jean-François Fallacher confirmed that discussions with ISRO are ongoing, though no agreement has yet been finalised.

The talks come at a time when France and India are deepening their strategic partnership in defence and space. President Emmanuel Macron has urged closer cooperation, warning against dependence on non-European providers.

Fallacher’s visit to New Delhi earlier this year, as part of Macron’s delegation, included meetings with India’s telecoms minister and regulators to explore market access opportunities. India’s vast geography and growing digital ambitions make it a critical market for satellite internet services, and securing launch capacity well in advance is seen as essential.

Eutelsat merged with OneWeb in 2023, combining resources to build a global satellite internet network. OneWeb had already worked with ISRO, which successfully launched 72 of its satellites on the LVM3 rocket.

India is now repositioning its space program, encouraging private sector participation in manufacturing and commercial activity, while ISRO focuses on advanced research and exploration. New Delhi has set an ambitious target of building a $44 billion domestic space economy by 2033.

Currently, Eutelsat operates around 650 satellites and expects to surpass 1,000 in the near future. Airbus is constructing 440 satellites, while upgrades for the European Union’s IRIS² project will further expand the fleet.

Fallacher emphasised that Eutelsat’s approach differs from Starlink’s massive constellation of 10,000 satellites, noting that higher orbital positions reduce the number required. He stressed that the company would scale its network as needed, ordering new satellites whenever capacity becomes a limitation.

Financially, Eutelsat is secure until 2031, having refinanced €5 billion last year, which made the French state its largest shareholder.

The company estimates that it will spend around €2 billion to procure and launch its 440 new satellites by 2030, with launches typically accounting for 30–40% of program costs. Fallacher underlined that no additional funding requests will be made in the near term, reinforcing confidence in the company’s long-term stability.

This potential partnership with ISRO highlights both Eutelsat’s strategic diversification and India’s growing role in the global space economy.

It reflects a broader trend of Europe and India aligning more closely in technology and defence, while also positioning Eutelsat to compete more effectively against Starlink in the race to provide global satellite internet coverage.

Reuters

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ISRO Aligns Bharatiya Antariksh Station With Global Standards For Collaborative Orbit Ambitions

India's space agency, ISRO, is aligning the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS) with international standards to foster global collaboration. In a recent Lok Sabha response, Minister of State for Space Jitendra Singh disclosed that ISRO is integrating these standards into the design of BAS-01 subsystems. This ensures seamless interoperability with hardware from other space agencies worldwide.

The docking ports on BAS exemplify this approach. As revealed by Nilesh Desai, director of the Space Applications Centre (SAC), they are engineered specifically for international compatibility. Such design choices position BAS as a potential hub for multinational missions.

ISRO is actively pursuing partnerships. The agency is exploring joint technology development for the Gaganyaan programme and access to specialised test facilities abroad. These efforts underscore India's ambition to embed itself within the global space ecosystem.

A landmark agreement was signed with the European Space Agency (ESA) on the sidelines of the GLEX summit in February 2025. This pact opens doors for collaboration on BAS, including the possibility of European astronauts visiting the station.

The Gaganyaan program now encompasses BAS deployment. Cabinet approval has paved the way for assembling the first module by 2028, marking a pivotal expansion of India's human spaceflight ambitions.

Full operational status for the orbital complex is targeted by 2035. This timeline includes precursor missions to validate technologies and infrastructure.

BAS will comprise five modules in total. These include a Core Module, a Science Module, a Lab Module, and a crucial Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM) module equipped with multiple docking ports.

The CBM module holds particular promise for international engagement. Crew transport ships and cargo shuttles from partner nations could dock here, enabling resupply operations, crew exchanges, and even space tourism.

Additional features are in the pipeline. ISRO plans to incorporate a robotic arm, free-flying elements, and inflatable habitats to enhance the station's versatility and capabilities.

Minister Singh highlighted the strategic significance in his Lok Sabha reply. He described Gaganyaan's first crewed mission as a demonstration of safe human transport to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and back.

BAS represents the natural progression of India's sustained human space programme. It will unlock opportunities in microgravity research, advanced technology development, and deeper space exploration.

These endeavours align with India's Space Vision 2047. Long-term goals include an Indian lunar landing, bolstered by BAS as a testing ground for essential technologies.

By adopting international standards, ISRO not only elevates its technical prowess but also signals India's readiness for cooperative space ventures. This could amplify scientific outputs and resource sharing on an unprecedented scale.

Challenges such as ensuring robust safety protocols and managing geopolitical dynamics remains. Yet, ISRO's methodical approach, from Gaganyaan precursors to modular assembly, instils confidence in meeting these deadlines.

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ISRO And ESA Deepen Collaboration With New Earth Observation Agreement

ISRO and ESA have reaffirmed their commitment to scientific collaboration by signing a new virtual pact on 7 March 2026.

This agreement is designed to strengthen their joint work in Earth observation, a field that has become increasingly important in tackling global environmental challenges.

The pact was signed by M Ganesh Pillai of ISRO and Simonetta Cheli of ESA, symbolising a renewed dedication to advancing space science together.

The agreement places emphasis on joint research, improved satellite calibration, and the sharing of scientific expertise. By combining their technological strengths, both agencies aim to ensure that future Earth observation missions deliver more precise and reliable data.

This will support a wide range of applications, from monitoring climate change and natural disasters to managing resources and supporting sustainable development.

ISRO and ESA’s collaboration stretches back to 1978, covering diverse projects such as lunar exploration missions, including Chandrayaan, and ventures into human spaceflight.

Their partnership has consistently demonstrated how international cooperation can accelerate progress in space science and technology, producing results that benefit not only the scientific community but also society at large.

This latest pact is particularly significant because Earth observation is central to understanding the planet’s health. Satellites provide crucial insights into deforestation, ocean conditions, and atmospheric changes, all of which are vital for shaping effective policies.

By sharing data and expertise, ISRO and ESA are ensuring that their combined efforts contribute to a clearer picture of Earth’s systems.

The agreement also reflects a broader shift in global space exploration, where collaboration is increasingly valued over competition. As environmental challenges grow more complex, partnerships like this one highlight the importance of pooling resources and knowledge to safeguard the future of the planet.

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ISRO-ESA Conduct Heliophysics Workshop Forum, Drives International Solar Data Synergy

Here's a detailed, expanded report based on the provided article, rephrased and elaborated in British English for a professional defence and space technology audience. I've structured it into short paragraphs without headings for seamless readability.

The ISRO–ESA Heliophysics Workshop has emerged as a pivotal platform for fostering global collaboration in solar research. Jointly organised by the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) in Thiruvananthapuram, the event convened leading scientists, young researchers, and students from around the world at the scenic Kovalam venue.

This gathering underscores the growing synergy between India's space program and international partners in addressing critical heliophysics challenges.

Held from 22 January, the workshop emphasises joint analysis of solar data from three flagship missions: India's Aditya-L1, and the European Space Agency's (ESA) Solar Orbiter and Proba-3. IIST Vice-Chancellor Dr Dipankar Banerjee highlighted these efforts during a press conference, noting how complementary coronagraph observations from Indian and European spacecraft are unlocking novel scientific insights. Data products and analytical techniques emerging from the discussions will soon enter the public domain, democratising access to cutting-edge solar research.

Fully funded by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the event prioritises capacity building, especially for emerging researchers. Approximately 230 participants, including nearly 40 international delegates, are engaged in the programme. The agenda features 34 invited lectures and around 100 poster presentations, blending expert discourse with hands-on contributions from the next generation.

Diverse attendees enrich the workshop's scope, encompassing students from premier Indian institutions such as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), IIST, and the Udaipur Solar Observatory. European students and Indian scholars studying overseas also participate, creating a truly global exchange. The daily structure includes morning plenary lectures followed by specialised technical sessions, many drawn from student-submitted abstracts.

Dr Banerjee stressed the workshop's role in empowering young scientists by offering them a stage to present before an international audience. Such exposure not only hones their skills but also bolsters their career prospects in top-tier research institutions worldwide. This aligns with ISRO's broader commitment to nurturing indigenous talent in space science.

ESA representatives voiced optimism for reciprocal initiatives, proposing similar workshops in Europe with Indian participation. They envisage these events enabling European students to gain from direct interactions, thereby deepening bilateral ties. Further collaborative programmes across varied scientific themes are anticipated in the years ahead, signalling a robust future partnership.

Discussions spotlighted artificial intelligence's transformative role in heliophysics, particularly for space-weather forecasting. Speakers underscored AI's prowess in rapidly processing and standardising vast datasets, essential for predicting solar events. This technological integration promises enhanced accuracy in modelling solar phenomena.

Media briefings delved into solar storms and solar winds, elucidating their disruptive potential on satellite communications and GPS systems. Experts explained how these phenomena ripple through Earth's near-space environment, affecting everything from power grids to aviation navigation. Timely forecasting, they argued, is vital for mitigating such risks.

India's enduring legacy in solar science received prominent mention. Historical observations from the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory, dating back to 1904, have been digitised, forming one of the world's longest continuous solar data archives. This treasure trove continues to underpin global sunspot number calculations, affirming India's foundational contributions.

Dr Banerjee affirmed that the ongoing dialogues between ISRO and ESA scientists are laying the groundwork for enduring collaborations in solar and space research. Amid rising geopolitical emphasis on space domain awareness, such partnerships enhance India's strategic positioning in heliophysics and beyond.

Based On UNI Report

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CSIR And ISRO Join Hands To Advance India’s Human Spaceflight Research

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will jointly organise the CSIR–ISRO Space Meet 2025 on 17th November 2025 at Hotel Radisson Blu Atria, Bangalore.

The event aims to strengthen cooperation between India’s premier scientific and space institutions in advancing human spaceflight research, microgravity studies, and space technology innovations that align with India’s vision for self-reliance in space exploration.

The meet will be organised under the leadership of Dr. N. Kalaiselvi, Secretary, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) & Director General, CSIR, and Dr. V. Narayanan, Secretary, Department of Space & Chairman, ISRO. Around 150 to 200 delegates, including scientists, technologists, astronauts, and representatives from national and international organisations, are expected to participate.

Dignitaries such as the Consul General of France in Bangalore, officials from DRDO, ISRO, IISc, IAF, and experts from the European Space Agency (ESA), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and the French Space Agency (CNES) will also attend the event.

The CSIR–ISRO Space Meet 2025 will focus on integrating CSIR’s multidisciplinary research with ISRO’s mission-driven technological needs. The conference will cover key areas of collaboration such as human spaceflight physiology, biomedical instrumentation, materials science, life sciences in microgravity, and advanced systems for spacecraft maintenance and operation.

The discussions will also explore innovations in areas such as the growth of plants in space, development of space food, microfluidics, ceramic metamaterials, and microbial corrosion prevention.

The event will feature experience-sharing sessions by Indian astronauts, including Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma (Retd.), India’s first astronaut and Group Captain Prasanth B Nair, ISRO astronaut. A special video message from Jean-François Clervoy, European Space Agency astronaut and veteran of NASA’s Space Shuttle missions, will also be presented.

International experts from ESA, JAXA, CNES, and French research institutions will contribute to sessions on space physiology, bioengineering, and humanitarian applications of space-based technologies.

The National Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR–NAL), Bangalore, is the nodal organising institute for the event. As India’s premier aerospace research establishment under CSIR, NAL has made significant contributions to the nation’s space and defence programmes.

Its expertise in aerodynamics, structural design, aerospace materials, and flight testing has supported ISRO and DRDO in developing indigenous technologies essential for mission success. NAL’s sustained efforts in creating lightweight composite materials, advanced airframe structures, and simulation systems continue to play a vital role in strengthening India’s capabilities in aerospace and space engineering.

Through this initiative, CSIR and ISRO seek to build stronger research linkages across scientific institutions and foster an ecosystem that promotes innovation in space medicine, human factors engineering, and translational technologies for societal benefit.

The deliberations during the meet are expected to chart a collaborative roadmap for future human spaceflight missions and identify new avenues for joint R&D in space science and technology.

CSIR–ISRO Space Meet 2025 represents a major step forward in advancing India’s scientific innovation, technological self-reliance, and international collaboration in space research. It also reflects the nation’s broader commitment to achieving the vision of a Viksit Bharat @2047, where Indian science and technology continue to play a transformative role in global progress.

PIB Press Release

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European Astronauts Could Live And Work On Bharatiya Antariksh Station

Discussions between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) are actively progressing across multiple areas to deepen collaboration in human space exploration. The ongoing talks were highlighted by ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher during the International Astronautical Congress 2025 in Sydney, reflecting a significant step toward joint space initiatives.

A key outcome under consideration is allowing European astronauts to live and conduct research aboard the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), India’s pioneering modular space station project planned to orbit at an altitude of 400 to 450 kilometers. India aims to launch the initial BAS module by 2028, completing the entire station by 2035.

ESA and ISRO have formed working groups to draft cooperation proposals encompassing broad domains like space exploration, Earth observation, utilisation of deep space communication networks, and commercialisation aspects. These proposals will undergo a review in April 2026 to finalise cooperation details, including timelines, costs, and funding, aiming to firm up the partnership next year.

The collaboration is expected to be multifaceted, with ESA potentially contributing to scientific research programs, infrastructure development, and cargo delivery services supporting BAS assembly and operations. ESA is actively exploring sending astronauts as part of this endeavour to live and work alongside Indian counterparts, bolstering scientific advancements and operational synergy in low Earth orbit and beyond.

This partnership also builds on prior agreements, including a May 2025 Joint Statement of Intent on Human Space Exploration signed during the Global Space Exploration Conference, which outlined joint goals in astronaut training, mission implementation, and utilisation of ISS research platforms. ESA and ISRO’s cooperation on microgravity experiments aboard ISS during missions like Axiom-4 exemplifies their operational alignment and shared ambitions for space science.

This cooperation reflects a broader strategic partnership in global space exploration, positioning Europe and India as collaborative leaders leveraging shared expertise, technology, and resources amid evolving international space dynamics. It promises an expanded era of joint missions in Earth orbit and prospective lunar exploration activities, advancing mutual interests and capabilities in human spaceflight.

ISRO And ESA's joint efforts around BAS signal a new chapter of robust space collaboration, with European astronauts anticipated to live and work on India’s indigenous space station, accelerating human spaceflight science and exploration in the upcoming decade.

Based On India Today Report

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India Is A Strategic Space Power We Want As Partner: ESA Director General.

The European Space Agency (ESA) has identified India as a vital strategic partner in space exploration and climate monitoring. Josef Aschbacher, ESA’s Director General, described India as a country with “enormous capacity” and expressed his agency’s eagerness to deepen cooperation with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). This intent spans human spaceflight, lunar exploration, climate science, sustainable infrastructure, and orbital safety, with the two sides already establishing active working groups and collaboration agreements.

Human Spaceflight And Lunar Collaboration

India and ESA have signed agreements aimed at joint exploration ventures, particularly in human spaceflight and lunar missions. While discussions remain in the early stages, both agencies are focusing on defining potential areas of cooperation, mission concepts, and technical synergies. Final decisions on hardware development or infrastructure commitments are contingent on financial approvals from both governments. However, groundwork to enable structured joint projects is progressing steadily and is expected to evolve into concrete programmes in the coming years.

Earth Observation And Climate Science

Earth observation (EO) continues to be a major priority for ESA and a natural domain of partnership with ISRO. India already runs advanced EO programmes with radar and optical satellites, coupled with international collaborations such as NASA’s NISAR and CNES’s Trishna. ESA emphasises that combining India’s EO capacity with Europe’s satellite systems can significantly enhance the accuracy of climate data through cross-calibration and joint analysis. This would strengthen global disaster monitoring, predictive climate models, and sustainable resource management.

Filling Gaps In Global Climate Monitoring

With reports of reduced US funding in climate-related missions, ESA notes that Europe and India together could help ensure continuity in global climate monitoring. ESA’s Copernicus Sentinel satellites already generate more than 350 terabytes of freely accessible EO data daily, which is used widely in India. By integrating this with India’s satellite observations, both sides could expand resilience in climate monitoring systems and provide a safeguard against reductions elsewhere. Beyond data gathering, the partnership aims to refine predictive models and convert raw satellite readings into actionable policy advice.

Launch Services And Access To Space

India’s PSLV and GSLV families continue to be attractive for European payload launches because of their cost-efficiency and demonstrated reliability. ESA recently launched the Proba-3 mission onboard an Indian launcher. Although Europe has addressed its earlier launch crisis with the operationalisation of Ariane 6 and improved capacity of Vega C, it continues to view India as an important complementary option. Future ESA strategies involve anchoring private European commercial launch providers, where reusability is expected to feature prominently, but collaboration with India’s launch services will remain strategically relevant.

Space For A Green Future

ESA has positioned environmental sustainability as a central mission through its “Space for a Green Future” initiative. This entails using satellites to aid renewable energy mapping, sustainable agriculture planning, and policymaking for decarbonisation. Advanced “digital twins” of Earth, enabled by high-performance computing, are being developed by ESA to test scenarios of land use and climate policy. India’s EO expertise and shared climate goals fit naturally into this framework, creating potential for substantial joint modelling and simulation projects to guide global sustainability strategies.

Strategy 2040 And India’s Role

Europe has rolled out Strategy 2040, designed to balance autonomy in space with continued international collaboration. While ESA is strengthening indigenous systems like Galileo navigation and Copernicus EO, it simultaneously maintains over 320 active agreements worldwide. India stands out for its broad spectrum of fast-growing capabilities, spanning crewed spaceflight, lunar exploration, EO, and competitive launch services. For ESA, India represents not just a partner, but a critical node in building a multi-layered global space ecosystem.

Reciprocal Offerings And Future Outlook

ESA envisions collaboration under three main pillars: human exploration, Earth observation, and space infrastructure sustainability. Europe brings decades of expertise, tracking infrastructure, and technical heritage, while India contributes cost-effective solutions, innovative technologies, and demonstrated operational excellence.

ESA also hopes India will join global space sustainability frameworks such as its Zero Debris Charter, reinforcing joint responsibility for orbital environment protection. Together, both sides can aspire toward combined missions and strengthened capacity to address planetary challenges through space-based solutions.

Agencies

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EU's Special Envoy For Space Expresses Willingness To Further Cooperation With India In Space Sector

Marjolijn Van Deelen, the EU's Special Envoy for Space, has expressed strong interest in deepening cooperation with India in the space sector, highlighting the shared status of both entities as top-tier space-faring powers.

In an interview, Van Deelen emphasised the importance of securing space for all nations and future generations, proposing collaboration on space security and governance.

She suggested that a first step would involve discussions to align perceptions of threats in space and joint participation in multilateral frameworks to establish rules for responsible behavior in space. She also noted ongoing interactions between Indian space companies and the EU Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST) system, underscoring existing collaborative efforts.

India and the EU have a long history of cooperation in space exploration, with recent successes such as India's Chandrayaan-3 mission and advancements in satellite technology further strengthening their partnership.

Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh recently hosted a high-level EU delegation to discuss expanding this collaboration, acknowledging India's achievements in satellite development, launches, and applications benefiting society. Both sides aim to leverage their expertise for joint projects in areas such as climate monitoring, cybersecurity, and peaceful space utilisation.

The EU-India partnership extends beyond technical collaboration to include strategic dialogues on space security. The European Space Agency (ESA) has cooperated with ISRO since the 1980s, and recent agreements have focused on supporting India's Gaganyaan human spaceflight program. The EU sees India as a key partner in shaping international norms for responsible use of space resources amidst increasing geopolitical competition.

Looking ahead, both sides envision deeper collaboration through initiatives such as high-level dialogues on space backed by government-to-government consultations and private sector involvement. This partnership is expected to play a pivotal role in ensuring space remains a safe, accessible, and sustainable environment for all while fostering innovation and progress.

ANI

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Europe's New Ariane 6 Rocket Successfully Puts French Spy Satellite Into Orbit

On March 6, 2025, Europe's new heavy-lift rocket, Ariane-6, successfully completed its first commercial mission by launching a French military reconnaissance satellite, CSO-3, into orbit. The launch took place from the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana, after several delays, including a last-minute postponement on Monday due to a technical issue with a refuelling valve.

This mission marks a significant milestone for European space efforts, as it demonstrates the continent's ability to independently launch large satellites into orbit for the first time since Russia withdrew its Soyuz rockets following the invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

The CSO-3 satellite was deployed into a Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of approximately 800Km, completing a network of three French military imaging satellites.

The success of this launch is crucial for Europe's strategic autonomy in space, particularly as it seeks to strengthen its defences amid uncertainties about its reliance on the United States as a security partner.

Ariane-6's development began in 2014, but its debut was delayed until July 2024 due to technical challenges.

Despite these setbacks, the rocket's first commercial mission has bolstered Europe's position in the global space industry, which has been dominated by SpaceX in recent years.

The European Space Agency (ESA) and Arianespace are now planning to increase the frequency of Ariane 6 launches, with several missions scheduled for 2025 and up to 12 annually in the future.

The launch also highlights the importance of space exploration as a unifying force for European nations, stressing the need for independent access to space for security and sovereignty.

With the resumption of flights by the smaller Vega-C launcher in December, European space efforts are regaining momentum after facing significant challenges in recent years.

ESA News

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Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh Hosted A High-Level European Union Delegation Led By Commissioner Andrius Kubilius And Space Sector Experts

Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh hosted a high-level European Union delegation led by Commissioner Andrius Kubilius, along with space sector experts, in New Delhi today. The delegation engaged in discussions regarding ongoing and future cooperation between India and Europe in the field of space exploration. On the Indian side, Shri V. Narayanan, Chairman of ISRO and Secretary of the Department of Space, along with other senior space scientists, attended the meeting.

Addressing the EU delegation, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science and Technology; Earth Sciences and Minister of State for PMO, Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Space, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Dr. Jitendra Singh said “India – EU interactions in the field of space has a long history and is growing strong”. Tracing India’s space journey, which spans over six decade she hailed India’s achievements in Space as global benchmark, acknowledging its growth in space sector in the last decade.

"India has acquired independent capabilities in building, launching, and operating satellites, as well as deriving applications from these satellites to benefit society," said Dr. Singh. He further emphasized recent successes, such as the Chandrayaan-3 mission, the SPADEX mission, and the ongoing progress of the Gaganyaan mission. Dr. Singh announced that India would be a major player in 21st century’s Space exploration.

Highlighting India’s dynamic space vision under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, which is aligned with the broader goal of making India a Viksit Bharat@2047. Dr. Singh credited Prime Minister Modi’s leadership for laying the foundation of India's ambitious space agenda, which includes the continuation of the Gaganyaan program, India’s human spaceflight mission, the establishment of India’s space station – "Bharatiya Antariksh Station," and an Indian landing on the Moon.

Highlighting the long-standing cooperation between India and Europe in space exploration, Dr. Singh stated that the collaboration has been vast and enriching. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) collaborates with the European Space Agency (ESA), space agencies of individual European nations, and entities like EUMETSAT. European industries have also contributed to India’s space program, with notable examples of support, including the development of liquid engines, the launch of India’s first experimental communication satellite, and ESA’s assistance in the Aditya and Chandrayaan-3 missions.

Dr. Singh also drew attention to the rapid expansion of India’s space program, noting that from the late 2000s, India’s space missions have included studies of the Moon, Mars, and the Sun, with plans for human spaceflight missions.

Dr. Jitendra Singh informed the delegation that, earlier, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was the sole entity responsible for space activities. However, under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, space sector reforms were introduced in 2020 to open the sector for private investment. A new entity, the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe), was established to promote and authorize space activities by non-governmental entities.

The Science and Technology Minister also highlighted the burgeoning start-up revolution in India’s space sector. With more than 200 start-ups engaging in rocket building, satellite manufacturing, ground segment operations, and application development, the sector is rapidly growing. Many of these start-ups have also established a presence in Europe, marking a new chapter in global space collaboration.

Reflecting on future missions, Dr. Singh emphasized that India’s expanded space program, which includes human spaceflight, space stations, and advancements in rocket technologies, alongside the emerging private space industry, offers a strong foundation for deepening India-Europe space relations.

Dr. Jitendra Singh informed the delegation that ISRO will be hosting the Global Conference on Space Exploration (GLEX) in association with the International Astronautical Federation in May 2025 in New Delhi. He extended a warm invitation to all stakeholders in the European space ecosystem to participate in this landmark event.

Along with Commissioner Andrius KUBILIUS; Mr. Benjamin HARTMANN, Cabinet Expert;Capt (N) Mr. Fabrizio FALZI, EU Defence Attache were part of the delegation.

Concluding the discussions, Dr. Jitendra Singh expressed his delight at hosting the EU delegation and acknowledged the significant interest shown by Commissioner Andrius Kubilius in strengthening space cooperation. He emphasized that space is the future, and the collaboration between India and Europe will continue to drive progress and innovation in this critical field.

PIB

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ISRO-ESA To Collaborate In Microgravity Research In Upcoming Axiom-4 Mission

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the European Space Agency (ESA) have announced a collaboration for microgravity research as part of the upcoming Axiom-4 mission. This mission is particularly significant as it will mark India's first crewed mission to the International Space Station (ISS), with Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla serving as the pilot.

ISRO and ESA have entered into an agreement that focuses on astronaut training, mission implementation, and conducting research experiments in microgravity. This partnership aims to facilitate joint scientific endeavours during the Axiom-4 mission, which is set to launch no earlier than autumn 2025.

Several microgravity experiments have been shortlisted for implementation during the mission. These include studies on the growth responses of cyanobacteria in microgravity and the impact of microgravity on food crop seeds. Currently, these experiments are undergoing evaluation to ensure safety in human spaceflight operations.

The collaboration is expected to enhance research opportunities in various fields, including human health, physical sciences, material sciences, and biotechnology. It aligns with ISRO's broader goals under its Human Space Program and the Gaganyaan initiative, which aims to support the Indian scientific community through international partnerships.

The Axiom-4 mission will be commanded by former NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson, alongside Shubhanshu Shukla from ISRO, and two mission specialists from ESA—Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski from Poland and Tibor Kapu from Hungary. The crew will spend up to 14 days aboard the ISS, engaging in scientific research and outreach activities.

The mission is planned to launch aboard a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft from Kennedy Space Center in Florida. It represents a significant step in international cooperation for human spaceflight and aims to pave the way for future missions involving both ISRO and ESA.

This collaboration not only underscores the growing partnership between India and Europe in space exploration but also highlights the increasing role of private missions in advancing scientific research in microgravity environments.

Agencies

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India's Gaganyaan Astronauts To Train In Europe After Russia

India's Gaganyaan astronauts are set to undergo training in Europe following their initial training in Russia. This decision comes as part of the comprehensive preparation for India's first human spaceflight mission, which aims to demonstrate the country's capabilities in space exploration.

Initial Training in Russia: The four selected Indian Air Force pilots—Group Captain Prashanth Nair, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, Group Captain Angad Pratap, and Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla—completed extensive training at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre in Russia. This training included survival scenarios and simulations tailored to prepare them for various spaceflight conditions.

Upcoming Training In Europe: After their Russian training, the astronauts will continue their preparation at the European Space Agency (ESA) facilities. They have already received training at NASA’s European Astronaut Centre in Germany, focusing on communications systems and emergency procedures within the International Space Station (ISS) environment. This European leg of training is crucial for ensuring that the astronauts can operate effectively in international space missions.

Future Training Plans: Following their time in Europe, the astronauts are expected to return to India for further training at ISRO's Human Spaceflight Centre. This will include simulator training and physical conditioning to prepare for the rigors of space travel.

The Gaganyaan mission is a landmark initiative for India, aiming to send a crew into a 400 km orbit for a three-day mission and safely return them to Earth. It represents India's growing capabilities in human spaceflight and is part of a broader strategy that includes international collaboration with countries like Russia and the United States. The mission is scheduled for launch between 2024 and 2025, marking a significant milestone in India's space exploration journey.

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