In late 2024, Russia unveiled an upgraded BMP-3 Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV) reflecting combat lessons from recent operations, including Ukraine and the Middle East.

The offer to India and other Asian countries, includes a modernisation package designed to enhance protection, mobility, and firepower while introducing semi-autonomous functions.

The proposed variant aims to bridge capability gaps in India’s mechanised infantry as the Indian Army seeks a next-generation platform to replace its aging BMP-2 fleet.

Enhanced Protection System

The upgraded BMP-3 emphasises survivability on modern battlefields. It incorporates modular explosive reactive armour (ERA) kits, slat and grill armour to counter drones and loitering munitions, and self-sealing armoured fuel tanks that double as ballistic protection. These measures significantly improve resilience against anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs), artillery fragments, and drone strikes—threats increasingly common in modern warfare.

Unlike previous Soviet-era combat vehicles, the BMP-3 features a new chassis, engine, weapons system, and hydro-mechanical transmission. The engine transmission compartment was relocated from the front to the rear, following a tank-style layout.

Last spring, Russian forces were spotted using a BMP-3 fitted with the Cactus dynamic protection kit, which is intended to improve the vehicle’s survivability against Ukrainian strike drones, widely used on the front lines.

Fire-Control And Targeting Upgrades

Russia’s new package includes an advanced fire-control and observation system. The integration of a multispectral day-night sighting unit and an automated fire-control system ensures improved target tracking and engagement precision. This digital network allows simultaneous tracking of multiple threats and enhances coordination with battlefield management systems. The improved targeting also facilitates more effective use of laser-guided anti-tank missiles and high-explosive ammunition.

Mobility And Power-Train Enhancements

A 600-horsepower engine replaces the older 500HP model, improving mobility across rough terrain. This power increase enhances acceleration, obstacle negotiation, and sustained performance in high-altitude or desert operations—conditions reflective of India’s diverse operational zones. The upgraded transmission and suspension systems further improve cross-country capability and stability during high-speed manoeuvres.

Versatile Armament Capabilities

The BMP-3 retains its distinctive tri-calibre armament: a 100mm gun capable of firing fragmentation shells and anti-tank guided missiles, a 30mm automatic cannon, and a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun. Its flexibility allows it to engage infantry, light armour, and fortified positions. The inclusion of laser-guided missile options offers extended anti-tank engagement ranges comparable to modern Western IFVs.

Integration of Autonomous And AI Features

The new BMP-3 package can integrate firmware supporting limited autonomous operations. This includes automated navigation on pre-programmed routes, threat detection, and fire control assistance. Such functionality aligns with the global trend toward semi-autonomous combat vehicles and could serve as a steppingstone for India’s future adoption of AI-enabled armoured platforms.

India’s Ongoing Modernisation Efforts

India’s mechanised infantry modernisation currently advances on two fronts: the indigenous BMP-2M upgrade program and the development of the Futuristic Infantry Combat Vehicle (FICV).

In March 2024, the Ministry of Defence approved upgrades for 693 BMP-2s to the BMP-2M variant. The enhancement package features DRDO- and BEL-designed night sights, an improved fire-control system, and indigenous electro-optical devices, significantly extending the life of the existing fleet. Production is ongoing under Indian industry partners, strengthening the domestic defence ecosystem.

Simultaneously, the FICV project—India’s long-delayed initiative to design and produce a next-generation IFV—remains a top priority. Under the “Atmanirbhar Bharat” mission, the FICV is expected to replace the BMP series entirely with a modular, network-centric, and AI-integrated combat vehicle tailored for Indian conditions.

Strategic And Logistical Considerations

Adopting the Russian BMP-3 could provide India with an immediate combat-ready platform, offering proven battlefield performance. However, it introduces logistical complexities, including a separate maintenance and parts supply chain distinct from the BMP-2 series. Although both vehicles share some design lineage, differences in components and systems may increase training and sustainment requirements.

India will also evaluate cost, local manufacturing potential, and technology transfer terms. Russia’s offers often include joint production proposals; however, the degree of genuine technology absorption and supply chain localisation would heavily influence New Delhi’s decision.

The Self-Reliance Dilemma

While the BMP-3 presents a faster route to capability enhancement, it challenges India’s long-term goal of defence self-reliance. The FICV, though delayed, embodies indigenous innovation and autonomy in armoured vehicle production. Choosing between the BMP-3 and full commitment to the FICV represents a strategic balance between operational pragmatism and industrial sovereignty.

India’s final decision is likely to weigh immediate battlefield readiness against the imperative of developing a domestic industrial base capable of producing future generations of combat vehicles. The outcome will shape the direction of India’s armoured modernisation for the next two decades.

IDN (With Input From Janes)