India’s Expanding Nuclear Warheads Now At 190, Highlights Modernisation And Credible Deterrence

India continues to modernise its nuclear arsenal with several new weapon systems already fielded and more under development to complement or replace existing nuclear-capable aircraft, land-based delivery systems, and sea-based systems, according to a bulletin by Federation of American Scientists (FAS).

Analysts estimate that India has produced sufficient military plutonium for between 140 and 225 nuclear warheads and may have assembled up to 190. With additional systems nearing completion, the stockpile is expected to grow further.

India currently operates nine nuclear-capable systems, including two aircraft, six land-based ballistic missiles, and one sea-based ballistic missile. At least two more systems are close to deployment. Operational forces can deliver over 160 warheads, with additional warheads produced for missiles in production.

The Indian government does not publish official figures on its nuclear stockpile. Estimates are derived from government statements, declassified documents, budgetary information, military parades, treaty disclosures, media reports, think tank analyses, industry publications, and commercial satellite imagery. 

India maintains a culture of opacity regarding its nuclear arsenal, refusing to divulge costs of certain programs and exempting the Strategic Forces Command from the Right to Information Act in 2016. Western governments, including the United States, rarely publish assessments of India’s nuclear arsenal, making independent analysis more challenging.

DRDO publications occasionally provide useful data points about dual-capable delivery systems. Local media often embellish claims, sometimes labelling systems as nuclear-capable without evidence. Analysts therefore rely on cautious expert assessments and satellite imagery to corroborate information.

India produces both highly enriched uranium and weapons-grade plutonium. HEU is largely used for nuclear-powered vessels and submarines. Weapons-grade plutonium has been produced at the Dhruva reactor near Mumbai and previously at the CIRUS reactor.

In April 2026, India’s 500-MWt Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor at Kalpakkam reached first criticality. If operated at 80% efficiency, it could produce 140 kilograms of Plutonium-239 annually, sufficient for up to 35 warheads.

Additional breeder reactors are planned. As of early 2026, India had produced approximately 730 kilograms of weapons-grade plutonium, sufficient for 140 to 225 warheads, though uncertainties remain regarding warhead designs.

India validated a fission design in 1998, but progress on boosted fission and thermonuclear designs is unclear. Analysts estimate India has produced around 190 warheads, including over 160 for operational launchers.

India’s nuclear doctrine has historically focused on Pakistan. Border clashes, including the May 2025 incident in Kashmir, highlight the risks of escalation. India carried out missile strikes under “Operation Sindoor,” while Pakistan claimed to have shot down Indian jets.

The incident prompted Pakistan’s National Command Authority to convene, raising nuclear concerns. Past incidents, such as the 2019 Balakot strikes and the accidental BrahMos launch into Pakistan in 2022, underscore the dangers of miscalculation. While Pakistan remains the primary focus, India’s longer-range Agni missiles indicate increasing emphasis on China.

The 2017 Doklam standoff and subsequent clashes reinforced this posture. Analysts suggest India may be decoupling its nuclear strategy between China and Pakistan, though no official adoption of a “splendid first strike” strategy has been confirmed.

India adheres to a no-first-use policy but weakened it in 2003 by allowing nuclear use in response to chemical or biological attacks. Statements by defence ministers in 2016 and 2019 questioned the rigidity of NFU, introducing uncertainty.

Analysts warn NFU is not a reliable predictor of actual use. India is thought to store warheads separately from launchers, though some may be co-located with aircraft or pre-mated with ballistic missiles in canisters. The Agni-V is operational, and Agni-P is nearing deployment. Submarine-based systems require mated warheads for credible deterrence.

Aircraft remain central to India’s nuclear posture. Mirage-2000H and Jaguar IS aircraft are assigned nuclear missions. Mirage squadrons operate from Gwalior and occasionally from Bikaner, with upgrades underway despite delays.

Jaguars received DARIN-III upgrades, though half the fleet was not modernised due to cost. Retirement plans for Jaguars have been pushed back, with updated timelines between 2028 and 2031. Mirage aircraft may operate until 2038 to bridge the transition to Rafale and Tejas jets.

India signed a deal with HAL in 2025 for 97 Tejas Mk1A aircraft. Rafale aircraft, acquired from France, could replace Jaguars in the nuclear role. India received 36 Rafales by 2022, deployed in squadrons at Ambala and Hasimara.

Rafales feature India-specific enhancements and are supported by planned MRO facilities in Jewar and Hyderabad. In February 2026, India approved the purchase of 114 additional Rafales, with most to be manufactured domestically. India also ordered 26 Rafale-Marine jets for its aircraft carriers, with deliveries beginning in 2029.

India’s land-based missile arsenal includes Prithvi-II, Agni-I, Agni-II, Agni-III, Agni-IV, and Agni-V, with Agni-P nearing deployment and Agni-VI rumoured. India may streamline its missile force, focusing on medium- and long-range systems.

Around 88 operational nuclear-capable land-based missiles are estimated as of July 2026. Deployment involves design trials, induction, and user trials before operational status.

Prithvi-II, developed under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program, has a range of 350 kilometres and is integral to deterrence. Agni-I, operational since 2007, has a range of 700 kilometres and targets Pakistan. Agni-II, with a range over 2,000 kilometres, faced delays before becoming operational in 2011.

Bulletin of The Atomic Scientists

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ISRO Successfully Hot Tests CE20 Cryogenic Engine At 22 Tons For LVM3-M7 Mission

The Indian Space Research Organisation has successfully carried out the flight acceptance hot test of the CE20 cryogenic engine earmarked for the seventh operational mission of the LVM-3 launch vehicle, designated LVM-3-M7.

The test was conducted on 9 September 2026 at the Main Engine and Stage Test facility located at the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) (ISRO Propulsion Complex) in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu.

Cryogenic engines undergo hot testing before every mission as part of their acceptance process for flight. The CE20 engine, which powers the upper stage of the LVM-3, is designed for high-altitude operations.

To enable hot testing under sea-level conditions, ISRO developed and validated a Nozzle Protection System through multiple qualification trials. This system has significantly reduced the time and effort required for acceptance testing by simulating vacuum conditions equivalent to those at the High Altitude Test Facility.

The LVM-3 program is being continuously upgraded to enhance payload capability. Future missions are planned with the C32 stage operating at an uprated thrust level of 22 tons for the CE20 engine. In line with this objective, the flight acceptance test was conducted at the 22-ton thrust level, marking a critical step in preparing the vehicle for heavier payloads.

The CE20 engine met all test objectives, confirming the satisfactory performance of its systems. Importantly, the LOX Tank Pressurisation Module, developed for the C32 stages of the Gaganyaan program, was also successfully demonstrated during this test.

This validation is crucial as the Gaganyaan mission will rely on the robustness of these systems for human spaceflight.

Following the successful test, the engine will be refurbished and integrated into the C32 flight stage for the LVM3-M7 mission. This mission is scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2026 and will play a pivotal role in strengthening India’s heavy-lift launch capabilities.

The CE20 cryogenic engine has already proven its reliability in multiple missions, including Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3, and commercial launches.

Its continued success underlines India’s growing expertise in cryogenic propulsion technology, which is essential for deep-space exploration, human spaceflight, and commercial satellite deployment.

The demonstration of the LOX Tank Pressurization Module further highlights ISRO’s readiness for the upcoming uncrewed Gaganyaan launch, which will be a landmark in India’s human spaceflight ambitions. The integration of advanced systems into the LVM-3 vehicle ensures that India remains on track to achieve greater milestones in space exploration.

ISRO

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Pakistan Expands Electronic Warfare Footprint Near Frontier

Pakistan appears to be steadily expanding its Electronic Warfare (EW) and Electronic Support Measures (ESM) presence along the Indian frontier, with recent satellite imagery pointing to new deployments and infrastructure.

At Dadyal in Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir, possible EW and ESM equipment has been identified just 33 kilometres from the Line of Control.

The imagery suggests the presence of associated support infrastructure, indicating that this could be a forward-positioned electronic surveillance node. Such a deployment would allow Pakistan to monitor Indian military activity across the LoC with greater precision and persistence.

At the Pakistan Air Force Base Sindhri in Mirpur Khas, satellite imagery has revealed possible EW and ESM equipment positioned near hardened aircraft shelters.

The facilities in this sector appear to support Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) and Signals Intelligence functions, pointing to a broader integration of electronic warfare into Pakistan’s air operations. Sindhri’s location in Sindh gives Pakistan a vantage point for monitoring Indian Air Force activity in western India.

The bigger picture emerging from these developments is Pakistan’s effort to make EW a central pillar of its air warfare doctrine. This includes both ground-based systems and airborne platforms. Pakistan has already invested in Chinese-origin jamming systems, airborne early warning aircraft, and ELINT platforms, and these new ground deployments suggest a layered approach to electronic warfare.

By combining surveillance nodes near the LoC with base-level ELINT infrastructure, Islamabad is attempting to create a networked electronic warfare grid.

Electronic warfare is increasingly seen as decisive in modern conflicts, where disrupting communications, radar, and navigation systems can tilt the balance in air combat.

Pakistan’s push to expand its EW footprint comes against the backdrop of India’s own investments in indigenous electronic warfare programs, including DRDO-developed systems and integration of EW suites on frontline aircraft such as the Su-30MKI and Rafale.

India has also deployed ground-based electronic warfare systems along sensitive sectors of the LoC and LAC.

The expansion of Pakistan’s EW deployments near the Indian frontier therefore signals a sharpening of the electronic battlespace. It reflects Islamabad’s intent to contest India’s technological edge and to prepare for scenarios where electronic dominance could prove decisive.

For New Delhi, these developments underscore the need to accelerate indigenous EW programs, strengthen counter-ESM capabilities, and ensure that its air defence and surveillance networks remain resilient against electronic disruption.

Agencies

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DRDO Advances Indigenous AI-Powered Border Security And Counter-Drone Systems

India is advancing towards a more autonomous border security architecture, with the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) spearheading indigenous development in sensors, communication systems, artificial intelligence and counter-drone technologies.

These efforts are aimed at strengthening surveillance and response capabilities across the country’s diverse and challenging border environments.

In an exclusive interaction, BK Das, Director General of Electronics & Communication Systems at DRDO, stated that the organisation is working on technologies covering the entire security chain. This includes detecting and tracking intruders, communicating threat information, and neutralising hostile systems.

The emphasis is on building a comprehensive ecosystem that integrates detection, communication and response.

The technologies under development span fibre-optics-based intruder detection systems, high-resolution cameras, infrared tracking, hyperspectral and multispectral systems, radar systems, radar imaging and synthetic aperture radar systems. These platforms are designed to provide layered surveillance across terrains ranging from deserts and mountains to riverine stretches.

Das highlighted that India’s vast borders cannot be secured by infrastructure alone, but require advanced technology.

He noted that DRDO is also working on next-generation communication technologies to ensure robust support for surveillance and detection systems. Reliable communication is seen as the backbone of effective border management.

Counter-drone capabilities form another major focus area. Das confirmed that the first generation of systems has already been developed, transferred to industry for production, and deployed in critical areas.

These systems employ radar and electro-optic technologies to detect and identify drones, assess them as potential threats, and respond accordingly.

The counter-drone systems are equipped with both “soft kill” and “hard kill” mechanisms. Electronic disruption is used as an initial response, while directed-energy systems, including lasers, are available for neutralisation when required. India has already developed a series of laser systems across different power levels and is working on future generations of counter-drone technology.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms are being developed to enhance threat identification and decision-making. Das explained that DRDO is building strong AI engines and algorithms to improve Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) capabilities. Advanced radar analysis and multiple radar technologies are also being pursued to strengthen detection and classification.

On reducing dependence on imported defence technologies, Das emphasised that DRDO has identified critical areas where indigenous development is essential. These include sensors, detection systems, cameras, radar-related chips, algorithms and communication systems. The goal is to ensure that core technologies remain within the country.

Das stated that sooner, all systems will be completely indigenous, with greater power and autonomy. He added that retaining control over critical technologies would give India a decisive edge in future conflicts.

The push towards indigenisation reflects a strategic shift to secure sovereignty in defence technology and reduce vulnerabilities linked to foreign dependence.

The developments underscore India’s determination to build a self-reliant defence ecosystem capable of addressing evolving threats, particularly in the domain of border security and drone warfare.

The integration of AI, advanced sensors, communication systems and directed-energy weapons marks a significant leap in India’s defence preparedness.

ANI

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'Win-Win Nature': Chinese FM Defends India Trade Amid Xiaomi Scrutiny

China has described its economic and trade cooperation with India as mutually beneficial and win-win in nature. At a press briefing in Beijing, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun emphasised that New Delhi should provide a fair, just, transparent and non-discriminatory business environment for Chinese companies operating in India.

His remarks came in response to questions about reports that India’s Serious Fraud Investigation Office had recommended an investigation into Chinese smartphone maker Xiaomi.

Guo stated that he was not aware of the specific situation regarding Xiaomi but reiterated China’s expectation that India would ensure a level playing field for all foreign companies investing and operating in the country. He underlined that economic and trade cooperation between the two Asian giants has consistently delivered mutual benefits.

The comments follow heightened scrutiny in India over Chinese firms, particularly in the technology sector, with Xiaomi facing calls for investigation by the SFIO. This development has added a layer of complexity to bilateral economic ties, which remain significant despite political and security challenges.

When asked whether Chinese President Xi Jinping would attend the BRICS Summit in India later this week, Guo declined to elaborate. The question reflects growing anticipation over a possible meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Xi on the sidelines of the summit.

Such an encounter would be closely watched as both nations cautiously attempt to rebuild ties following the prolonged tensions triggered by the 2020 Galwan clashes.

India’s Ambassador to China, Vikram Doraiswami, has meanwhile made a strong pitch for deeper cooperation across trade, economy, climate action and the digital sphere.

Writing in the Chinese daily Global Times, Doraiswami argued that a stable, predictable and amicable India-China relationship would serve not only their combined population of around 2.8 billion but also contribute to global peace, stability and prosperity.

He highlighted that India’s Chairship of the 18th BRICS Summit is guided by the theme “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.” The summit’s agenda is framed around a human-centric approach, focusing on reinforcing institutional strength and supporting sustainable growth.

This theme reflects India’s broader vision of leveraging multilateral platforms to foster inclusive development and resilience in the face of global challenges.

The convergence of these diplomatic statements underscores the delicate balance in India-China relations. While economic cooperation is acknowledged as mutually beneficial, political sensitivities and regulatory scrutiny continue to shape the trajectory of engagement.

The BRICS Summit is expected to provide a crucial opportunity for both sides to reaffirm their commitment to constructive dialogue and explore avenues for collaboration in areas of shared interest.

ANI

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PM Modi And President Xi’s First Bilateral Meet Since Galwan Signals Potential Reset At BRICS

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping are expected to meet on 12 September in New Delhi during the 18th BRICS Leaders’ Summit.

This would be their first bilateral meeting since the Galwan Valley clash of June 2020, which resulted in the deaths of 20 Indian soldiers and four Chinese troops. Xi is scheduled to arrive in India on Saturday with a 400‑member delegation, underscoring the scale of China’s participation in the summit.

The meeting is significant because, although Modi and Xi have interacted in multilateral forums such as BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, they have not held direct bilateral talks since the Galwan confrontation.

Neither New Delhi nor Beijing has formally confirmed the meeting, but its timing and symbolism are critical as both nations seek to manage tensions while engaging diplomatically.

India‑China relations deteriorated sharply after Galwan, leading to a prolonged military stand‑off along the Line of Actual Control. Diplomatic tensions and restrictions also affected economic ties. Since then, repeated military and diplomatic negotiations have taken place, resulting in troop disengagement at several friction points.

While this has reduced immediate tensions, the wider boundary dispute remains unresolved and continues to cast a shadow over bilateral relations.

Recent diplomatic contacts have included discussions through the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination and meetings between the Special Representatives of both countries on the boundary question.

National Security Adviser Ajit Doval has also held high‑level talks in China, signalling India’s intent to keep channels of communication open. These efforts have created the space for renewed dialogue at the summit.

The talks are also set against the backdrop of continuing differences over Arunachal Pradesh. China claims the Indian state, referring to it as “Zangnan” or southern Tibet, while India firmly rejects this claim and insists Arunachal Pradesh is an integral part of the country.

Beijing’s practice of issuing alternative names for places in Arunachal has repeatedly drawn strong objections from New Delhi, which maintains that changing names cannot alter territorial reality.

Beyond the border dispute, trade and economic issues are expected to feature prominently. India has long expressed concern over its trade deficit with China and has sought greater market access for Indian businesses.

Discussions may also touch upon high‑tech investment policies, supply‑chain resilience, and broader economic cooperation. For India, balancing strategic security with economic interests remains a priority, while China may seek to expand its economic footprint in India to strengthen its regional influence.

A bilateral meeting at the BRICS Summit would signal that both nations are willing to maintain high‑level political engagement despite unresolved differences. For India, peace and stability along the LAC remain paramount, while for China, improved ties with India could strengthen cooperation within BRICS and other multilateral forums.

However, the meeting alone will not resolve the boundary dispute. The true test will be whether political engagement translates into sustained progress on border management, economic concerns, and mechanisms to prevent future military tensions.

The proposed meeting comes after years in which India‑China relations were dominated by the consequences of Galwan. The disengagement process has reduced immediate risks, but the relationship remains fragile.

The LAC dispute, China’s territorial claims over Arunachal Pradesh, and the economic imbalance between the two countries remain unresolved. Any summit‑level dialogue will therefore be seen as part of a broader stabilisation effort rather than a breakthrough.

The BRICS setting adds wider significance. As major members of the grouping, India and China both have an interest in maintaining cooperation on issues where their interests overlap.

Their engagement at this summit will be closely watched by other BRICS members and the international community, as it could shape the trajectory of Asian geopolitics in the coming years.

The presence of other leaders, including Russia’s Vladimir Putin and Pakistan’s Shehbaz Sharif, adds further diplomatic weight to the summit, making the Modi‑Xi meeting a focal point of global attention.

Agencies

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India And Brazil Push For UNSC Seats As BRICS Drives De-Dollarisation, Permanent UNSC Seats And Global South Resilience

BRICS has emerged as a coalition of nations that share a history of colonialism or imperialism, positioning itself as an alternative to Western poles of power. India, hosting the 2026 BRICS Summit, was under British rule for more than a century before independence in 1947.

Brazil endured Portuguese colonisation, South Africa faced both colonialism and apartheid, and China suffered repeated imperial interventions. Several newer BRICS members also experienced colonial domination.

The central question remains whether these nations, once excluded from shaping the international order, can now reshape institutions or carve space within them on their own terms.

The grouping has clarified that it does not seek to dismantle existing institutions entirely. Instead, BRICS has become a voice for the Global South, advocating for a multipolar world. A major project in this pursuit is the push for permanent seats at the United Nations Security Council for India and Brazil. 

Although China and Russia already hold permanent membership, the bloc has consistently argued for extending permanent seats and veto powers to India and Brazil.

The 2025 BRICS declaration, recalling the 2022 Beijing and 2023 Johannesburg-II Leaders’ Declarations, reaffirmed Chinese and Russian support for these aspirations.

India’s case is strengthened by its role as the second-largest contributor to UNSC peacekeeping missions in terms of troops and police, behind Nepal as of May 2026. In terms of military contribution alone, India leads globally.

While several UNSC members remain embroiled in violent conflicts in West Asia and Europe, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has repeatedly emphasised peace, declaring that this is “not an era of war,” a message reiterated during his bilateral meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Bishkek.

Scholars have long argued for UNSC expansion to ensure continental representation. Eva Parvanova of Angel Kanchev University of Ruse has presented a case for India, Brazil, Japan, and Germany—the G-4 grouping formed in 2004.

She highlighted India’s population dividend, nuclear capability, and peacekeeping record as compelling reasons for permanent membership. German-Brazilian scholar Oliver Stuenkel has similarly argued for India and Brazil, while noting India’s private interests in South Asia tied to permanent membership.

On the economic front, BRICS has challenged Western institutions by establishing the New Development Bank in 2015 as an alternative to the World Bank and IMF. The NDB has approved financing worth ₹3,57,000 crores for 139 projects.

In 2021, the bank welcomed its first non-founding members, expanding its reach among emerging markets and developing countries. A key initiative has been the expansion of local currency financing, reducing reliance on the dollar.

De-dollarisation remains a critical goal. Mumbai-based academician Sanjay Ranade emphasised its importance but warned against over-reliance on China. He noted that BRICS is working on interoperable digital payments architecture, driven largely by China’s digital infrastructure.

While all members desire de-dollarisation, trust in China remains a challenge. Ranade argued that this burden must be overcome if BRICS is to meaningfully challenge Euro-American dominance.

Epistemologically, BRICS does not aim to dismantle global systems but seeks to foster multipolarity. 

The bloc holds summits and meetings across diverse fields—science, culture, economics, health, and climate change—while maintaining regular consultations among Finance Ministers, Foreign Ministers, and National Security Advisors. This creates space for a parallel epistemology, with knowledge flowing from the Global South.

On the coloniality of knowledge, BRICS nations are urged not to adopt Western definitions of development and modernity. Instead, civilizational states such as India, China, and Iran should define modernity from their own perspectives.

The bloc can further decolonise by adopting inclusive terminology, moving away from Eurocentric labels such as “Middle East.” With Iran, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia participating in BRICS summits, the grouping has the opportunity to reshape regional narratives.

Prime Minister Modi has consistently opposed the “Macaulay mindset,” advocating for resilience against Western constructs.

The 2026 BRICS Summit, themed “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability,” underscores this vision. India’s leadership within BRICS positions it to amplify the voice of the Global South, advancing resilience against Western institutions while promoting inclusive development.

ANI

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Tiger Meets Dragon: China Confirms Xi Jinping’s India Visit For 18th BRICS Summit

Chinese President Xi Jinping will attend the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi from 12 to 13 September 2026, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirmed on Thursday.

The announcement sets the stage for a closely watched India‑China engagement on the sidelines of the major multilateral gathering.

According to the statement, Xi will travel to India at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The confirmation comes after weeks of speculation over Beijing’s representation at the summit and amid signs of renewed diplomatic engagement between New Delhi and Beijing.

India is hosting the 18th BRICS Leaders’ Summit at Bharat Mandapam, with the expanded grouping expected to deliberate on trade, financial cooperation, technology, artificial intelligence, energy security, climate action and reforms of global institutions.

Xi’s visit is particularly significant as it marks his first trip to India since his informal meeting with Prime Minister Modi in Mamallapuram in 2019 during the 2nd India‑China Informal Summit. The visit also comes against the backdrop of efforts by both sides to stabilise bilateral ties following years of tensions along the Line of Actual Control.

Any interaction between Modi and Xi during the BRICS gathering is expected to attract considerable diplomatic attention. Ahead of the confirmation, India’s Ambassador to China Vikram Doraiswami had argued for using India’s BRICS presidency to deepen cooperation between the two Asian powers.

In an opinion piece published in the Chinese daily Global Times, Doraiswami emphasised that India and China, as two of the world’s most populous emerging economies, share an interest in maintaining a stable relationship. He described a “stable, predictable, and amicable” relationship as vital not only for their combined population of 2.8 billion but also for global peace, stability and prosperity.

Doraiswami highlighted the opportunity to deepen cooperation on trade, connectivity, climate action, public health and the digital economy, while contributing to a more balanced and inclusive global order. He also recalled Xi’s remarks to Modi last year, where the Chinese leader stressed that India and China are cooperation partners, not rivals, and that they represent opportunities for each other’s development rather than threats.

The ambassador underlined that peace along the India‑China border remains central to the broader relationship. He called for moving forward on the basis of mutual respect, sensitivity and interest, while stressing that differences should not automatically become disputes.

The confirmation follows a period of uncertainty. On 8 September, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning had reiterated Beijing’s support for India’s BRICS presidency but did not disclose Xi’s attendance. The subsequent announcement now puts his participation beyond doubt.

The confirmation also follows a brief but symbolically important interaction between Modi and Xi at the 26th Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit earlier this month. On 1 September, the two leaders shared a handshake ahead of the family photograph in Bishkek, joined by Russian President Vladimir Putin. Modi had invited Xi to attend the BRICS Summit, and Xi had thanked him while offering China’s support for India’s presidency.

India’s 2026 BRICS presidency is being conducted under the theme “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability,” with New Delhi seeking to place Global South priorities at the centre of the agenda. The two‑day summit is expected to address resilient supply chains, cross‑border payment systems, greater use of national currencies, MSME development, digital trade and artificial intelligence.

Energy security, climate resilience, development finance, expansion of the New Development Bank and reforms of multilateral institutions are also expected to feature prominently. The enlarged 11‑member core grouping now comprises Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and the United Arab Emirates.

The wider BRICS framework also includes 10 partner countries — Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Thailand, Uganda, Uzbekistan and Vietnam — which participate as partners rather than full members.

Russian President Vladimir Putin is also scheduled to attend. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov confirmed that Modi and Putin will hold a bilateral meeting on Friday, 11 September, ahead of the summit. He said the leaders will discuss the bilateral agenda, including trade and economic cooperation, and wished India success in hosting the summit.

India’s fourth BRICS chairmanship builds on its earlier presidencies in 2012, 2016 and 2021. In 2012, New Delhi proposed the creation of a South‑financed multilateral development bank, leading to the establishment of the New Development Bank in 2014. In 2016, India expanded the agenda to include counter‑terrorism, regional connectivity and collective security.

In 2021, amid the COVID‑19 pandemic and border tensions, India hosted the grouping virtually under the theme “BRICS@15: Intra‑BRICS Cooperation for Continuity, Consolidation and Consensus,” focusing on public health and economic recovery.

In 2026, New Delhi is seeking to advance priorities related to financial inclusivity, sustainable development, technological cooperation and reform of global governance institutions. With Xi’s confirmation and Putin’s scheduled engagement, the summit is set to provide India with a major platform for high‑level diplomacy involving two of its most consequential strategic partners.

For New Delhi, the gathering carries significance beyond the BRICS agenda, particularly as India seeks to balance cooperation with both Moscow and Beijing while advancing its broader Global South priorities.

ANI

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PM Modi Hails ISRO As Over 430 Satellites From 34 Nations Travelled Aboard Indian Rockets At Paris Space Summit

Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the International Space Summit in Paris virtually, hailing India’s space sector and the Indian Space Research Organisation.

He emphasised the importance of global cooperation and sustainability in space exploration, invoking the message of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.

He noted that more than 430 satellites from 34 countries have travelled aboard Indian rockets, underlining the global trust in ISRO’s capabilities. He said space has inspired imagination for centuries, but today it directly impacts life on Earth, from climate and crops to oceans and communities.

The Prime Minister stressed that as orbits become crowded, technology more powerful, and actors more numerous, choices must be clear. He called for cooperation over confrontation, sustainability over short-term gain, and inclusion over exclusion.

He said India’s approach is rooted in the philosophy of one Earth, one family, one future, and this spirit must extend beyond Earth.

He reiterated India’s support for a safe, secure, peaceful, and sustainable space domain anchored in international law, dialogue, and multilateral cooperation. He emphasised that scientific data must serve the common good with openness and integrity.

Modi highlighted ISRO’s excellence and cost-effective missions, which have earned global admiration. He said ISRO’s technology serves farmers, fishermen, weather forecasting, disaster management, and navigation. He credited the dedication and hard work of generations of Indian scientists, engineers, and technicians for this global trust.

He lauded Chandrayaan-3, which made India the first nation to land near the lunar south pole, and Aditya-L1, which is unlocking the secrets of the Sun. He recalled that last year an Indian astronaut visited the International Space Station. He reaffirmed India’s aim to establish its own space station by 2035 and send an Indian to the Moon by 2040.

PM Modi also highlighted the surging private space sector in India. He said the energy of enterprise is joining the excellence of ISRO. He noted that France has been a trusted partner since the Indian space program began in Thumba in the 1960s. He invited France and the world to join India in its next space frontier.

He said the Space Summit in Paris must send a clear message: to explore together, innovate together, and protect space together for all humanity and future generations.

The summit, held on 9 and 10 September in Paris, is addressing challenges related to the safe and sustainable use of outer space. Several key India-related announcements were made during the summit.

France announced the strengthening of space cooperation with India. French launch-services provider RIDE! signed an agreement to launch two new satellites for TakeMeToSpace, India’s first designer of orbital data centres.

The contract continues years of collaboration, recently marked by the successful integration, launch, and return of a European atmospheric re-entry capsule aboard the Indian PSLV launcher.

Safran Space France signed contracts worth more than €5 million, equivalent to approximately ₹45 crores, with India’s Dhruva Space. These contracts will supply Safran Space technologies, communication systems, inertial navigation units, optical payloads, and ground stations for India’s future SBS-III space-surveillance constellation. This constellation envisages deploying 52 satellites between 2027 and 2030.

U-Space France and India’s AXISCADES signed a commercial cooperation agreement to explore the Indian microsatellite market and address growing local needs, both commercial and institutional.

These announcements reflect the strengthening Franco-Indian strategic partnership in the space sector, combining ISRO’s excellence with private enterprise and international collaboration.

ANI

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Admiral Swaminathan’s Sydney Engagement Strengthens Indo-Pacific Naval Ties

Admiral Krishna Swaminathan’s visit to Sydney has marked a significant step in strengthening India–Australia naval cooperation, with detailed discussions on interoperability, evolving fleet capabilities, and future inductions.

The engagements highlight India’s growing maritime partnerships in the Indo-Pacific, extending also to New Zealand.

Admiral Krishna Swaminathan, Chief of the Naval Staff, interacted with Rear Admiral Anita Williams, Commander of the Australian Fleet, at HMAS Kuttabul in Sydney. The meeting focused on enhancing interoperability between the Indian Navy and the Royal Australian Navy. Discussions covered the Australian Navy’s evolving fleet capabilities, future inductions, and avenues for operational interaction between the two navies.

The Indian Navy Spokesperson shared details of the engagement on X, noting that the CNS was also given a familiarisation tour of HMAS Kuttabul. The tour included an overview of fleet infrastructure and operational capabilities, underscoring the importance of practical exchanges in strengthening bilateral naval ties.

The Ministry of Defence had earlier emphasised that the visit is aimed at further strengthening cooperation with both the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal New Zealand Navy.

The Australia leg of the visit builds upon the momentum generated by the Third India–Australia Annual Summit in July 2026 and the Second India–Australia Defence Ministers’ Dialogue in June 2026. Both nations have been steadily deepening cooperation in defence and security, particularly in maritime security and regional collaboration.

The visit also extends to New Zealand, where Admiral Swaminathan will hold discussions with senior leadership of the Royal New Zealand Navy.

These engagements will focus on operational interaction, information sharing, training, and professional exchanges. The CNS will visit key operational and training establishments and interact with RNZN personnel, including officers undergoing professional military education.

The New Zealand leg of the visit gains significance in the backdrop of the recently concluded Maritime Cooperation Arrangement.

This framework provides expanded opportunities for practical maritime cooperation between India and New Zealand, reflecting the elevation of bilateral ties to a Strategic Partnership during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit in July 2026.

India’s growing defence and maritime engagement with Australia and New Zealand underscores its commitment to sustained cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. The Indian Navy’s efforts to deepen partnerships with the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal New Zealand Navy contribute to peace, security, and stability in the region.

The engagements highlight India’s strategic intent to strengthen interoperability, enhance operational exchanges, and build resilient maritime partnerships in the face of evolving regional challenges.

ANI

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Global Leaders Converging In Delhi As BRICS Expands To A Global Powerhouse

The national capital has been adorned with illuminated installations and vibrant posters as India prepares to host the BRICS Summit 2026 at Bharat Mandapam on 12–13 September.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will preside over the high-profile gathering, which will bring together heads of state, foreign delegates, leaders of international organisations, and dignitaries representing member states, partner countries, and outreach invitees.

India holds the BRICS Chair for the 2026 edition, with proceedings guided by the theme “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability”.

The alliance has undergone a remarkable transformation since its inception as the BRIC grouping of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, which first convened at the UN General Assembly in New York in 2006 and held its inaugural summit in Yekaterinburg, Russia, in 2009.

South Africa joined in 2011, expanding the bloc to BRICS. A major expansion followed in January 2024, when Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE became full members, with Indonesia joining in January 2025.

Today, the alliance comprises 11 full members and an expanding array of partner nations, commanding significant global economic and diplomatic influence.

Russian President Vladimir Putin will attend, marking his second visit to India in less than a year after the bilateral summit in December 2025. PM Modi personally renewed the invitation during their meeting at the SCO summit in Bishkek on 31 August.

Chinese President Xi Jinping is also expected, though his participation has not been formally confirmed. If he attends, it will be his first visit to India since the 2019 informal summit in Mamallapuram with PM Modi. A bilateral meeting between the two leaders is widely anticipated.

Other confirmed attendees include South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto, Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, and Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed.

Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko, Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, and Thai Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul will also participate. United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres is likely to attend, though a formal announcement is pending.

Delhi Police have identified more than 35 roads where traffic will be controlled or diverted during the summit. Restrictions will primarily affect central, southern, and adjoining parts of Delhi, with temporary stoppages expected during VIP motorcades.

The summit schedule begins on Saturday, 12 September, with the arrival of BRICS leaders at Bharat Mandapam.

The leaders will gather for a closed session titled “Inclusive Global Governance and Strengthening Multilateralism”.

They will then witness the “Bharat Innovates Exhibition (Leaders of BRICS Member Countries)”, followed by a family photo on the lawns and a joint tree plantation ceremony.

The day will conclude with a gala dinner hosted by PM Modi at Bharat Mandapam.

On Sunday, 13 September, leaders of BRICS partner countries and outreach invitees will arrive, followed by a family photo.

The session titled “Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability: Shaping the Future for Inclusive Global Growth” will then commence in the Summit Hall of Bharat Mandapam.

The summit is expected to highlight India’s leadership role in shaping global governance reforms, strengthening multilateralism, and advancing inclusive growth for the Global South.

ANI

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Russian Aircraft Arrive In India As BRICS Summit Nears

Three Russian transport aircraft landed at Noida International Airport on Thursday morning, signalling the arrival of delegations ahead of the 18th BRICS Summit.

The aircraft were spotted touching down as preparations intensify for the high-profile gathering scheduled in New Delhi over the weekend.

Russian President Vladimir Putin is expected to arrive in India to attend the summit and hold a bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The meeting is likely to take place on Friday, 11 September, ahead of the multilateral sessions.

Kremlin Spokesperson Dmitry Peskov confirmed the schedule during a virtual briefing from Moscow, emphasising that bilateral issues would be addressed first, with trade and economic cooperation forming a wide scope of discussion.

Peskov described the visit as an opportunity for both nations to deepen their bilateral relations. He highlighted the close personal rapport between Modi and Putin, noting that their pragmatic and sincere relationship allows them to discuss sensitive matters openly and constructively. He added that such engagement opens new horizons for cooperation across multiple sectors.

The Kremlin spokesperson expressed confidence in India’s ability to successfully host the summit. He reiterated Russia’s commitment to strengthening BRICS cooperation across three main pillars: policy and security, economy and finance, and cultural and humanitarian contexts. He also supported the idea of inviting new countries to participate in different formats within BRICS, signalling Moscow’s backing for expansion of the grouping.

India will host the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi on 12–13 September under the theme “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.” The summit is expected to deliberate on trade, finance, energy, technology, healthcare, agriculture, climate action and other pressing global issues.

India’s chairship has outlined priorities of resilience, innovation, cooperation and sustainability, with practical cooperation anticipated in areas such as artificial intelligence, digital public infrastructure, green finance, energy transition, Start-Ups and support for micro, small and medium enterprises.

The arrival of Russian aircraft at Noida International Airport marks the beginning of high-level engagements that will culminate in the Modi-Putin bilateral meeting and the broader BRICS deliberations.

The developments underscore the importance of India-Russia ties within the framework of BRICS and highlight the strategic weight of the summit for global political and economic governance.

ANI

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'BRICS Summit Key Opportunity To Strengthen India-China Partnership' Says Ambassador To China, Vikram Doraiswami

India’s Ambassador to China, Vikram Doraiswami, has emphasised that the forthcoming BRICS Summit in New Delhi presents a valuable opportunity to strengthen bilateral cooperation between India and China across critical domains such as trade, economy, climate action, public health, connectivity, and the digital sphere.

Writing in the Chinese daily Global Times, he underscored that a stable, predictable, and amicable relationship between the two nations, together representing 2.8 billion people, is not only vital for their populations but also serves as a pillar for global peace, stability, and prosperity.

He noted that the BRICS platform offers a constructive avenue to advance shared interests while contributing to a more balanced, inclusive, and equitable global order.

Doraiswami recalled Chinese President Xi Jinping’s remarks to Prime Minister Narendra Modi last year, where Xi affirmed that India and China are cooperation partners rather than rivals, and that both nations represent opportunities for each other’s development rather than threats.

The Ambassador stressed that this outlook is consistent with the long history of mutually beneficial exchanges between the two ancient civilisations.

Doraiswami highlighted that peace and tranquillity along the China-India border areas form the essential foundation of bilateral ties. He urged that relations must be guided by mutual respect, mutual sensitivity, and mutual interest, ensuring that natural differences do not escalate into disputes.

He added that such an approach would allow the partnership to contribute meaningfully to the well-being of both peoples and to a more stable and prosperous world.

Tracing historical networks, he pointed out that India and China exchanged philosophy, medicine, and goods such as sugar, paper, and spices, thereby nurturing a legacy of mutual learning. He linked this to their respective paths toward national liberation, noting that the civilisational bond continues to shape modern interactions.

Turning to contemporary developments, Doraiswami presented India as a rapidly transforming nation marked by political stability and consistent growth of around 7 per cent.

He highlighted achievements under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership, including universal electrification across rural and urban India, and the dramatic rise in financial inclusion, with bank account ownership increasing from about 40 per cent to over 80 per cent of the population.

He emphasised that India has virtually eliminated the need for cash transactions while simultaneously expanding its space sector, technological capabilities, and youthful innovation ecosystem, particularly in the Start-Up domain.

China, for its part, reiterated on Wednesday that it attaches high importance to BRICS cooperation and supports India in successfully hosting this year’s summit. The event is expected to see the participation of President Xi Jinping, further underscoring the significance of the gathering for bilateral and multilateral engagement.

The Ambassador’s remarks situate the BRICS Summit as a pivotal moment for India and China to consolidate their partnership, drawing from historical legacies, present achievements, and shared aspirations for a more equitable global order.

ANI

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India, Sri Lanka Pledge Joint Effort For Regional Security: Defence Minister Rajnath Singh

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh met Sri Lankan President Anura Kumara Dissanayake in Colombo on Wednesday during his ongoing three‑day visit to the island nation.

The meeting was described as warm and highly productive, with both leaders reaffirming their commitment to strengthening bilateral ties and ensuring the safety, security, peace, and prosperity of the region.

Singh conveyed Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s greetings to President Dissanayake and congratulated him on the successful completion of two years of his government. This gesture underscored India’s emphasis on maintaining strong neighbourly relations and its recognition of Sri Lanka’s political milestones.

The visit marks a significant diplomatic moment, as it is the first by an Indian Defence Minister to Sri Lanka in thirty‑eight years. The last such visit was undertaken by KC Pant in 1988, highlighting the rarity and importance of Singh’s presence in Colombo for defence‑level discussions.

Singh emphasised that India and Sri Lanka are civilisational twins, close neighbours, and maritime partners. He noted that both nations would continue to work together for the development of their countries and the welfare of their people, while jointly safeguarding regional stability.

On Tuesday, Singh interacted with the Indian diaspora in Colombo, where he assured them that India would always stand firmly with Sri Lanka in times of crisis. He stressed that the relationship between the two countries is rooted in shared history, culture, and faith, which provides a strong foundation for enduring cooperation.

During his address to the community, Singh reiterated India’s steadfast support for Sri Lanka, affirming that New Delhi would consistently maintain a firm stance alongside Colombo whenever the island nation faces challenges. His remarks reinforced India’s broader ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy and the MAHASAGAR vision, which focuses on mutual advancement for security and growth across regions.

Singh is leading a high‑level delegation comprising senior officials from the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of External Affairs. The composition of the delegation reflects the seriousness of the engagement and India’s intent to deepen defence and strategic cooperation with Sri Lanka.

The visit is expected to pave the way for enhanced maritime collaboration, defence partnerships, and regional security initiatives. It also signals India’s determination to strengthen its role as a reliable partner in South Asia, particularly in the Indian Ocean region where maritime security remains a critical priority.

Agencies

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India To Host BRICS Summit 2026 With Focus On Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation And Sustainability

India is preparing to conclude its 2026 chairship of the expanded BRICS grouping with the 18th Leaders’ Summit scheduled in New Delhi on September 12 and 13.

The presidency, which commenced on January 1, 2026, has been guided by the theme “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability”, emphasising a human-centric approach across its four pillars to reinforce institutional strength and support sustainable growth.

Under the resilience pillar, India has sought to strengthen economic, social, and institutional frameworks to ensure member states are better equipped to handle global uncertainties.

This includes supply-chain interruptions, health crises, and climate hazards, with systems designed to be robust, adaptable, and inclusive in fostering progress.

The innovation pillar has focused on harnessing emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, digital public infrastructure, and fintech.

These tools are being deployed to refine service delivery, encourage future-ready economic expansion, and promote joint technological cooperation and knowledge-sharing across the bloc.

Through the cooperation pillar, India has aimed to deepen ties among members by enhancing policy alignment, development finance, trade facilitation, and collective engagement on multilateral governance reforms. Practical collaboration and people-focused partnerships have been placed at the centre of the group’s widening scope.

The sustainability pillar has driven collective action on climate mitigation, green finance, energy transition, and sustainable development. Respecting national developmental priorities, these issues have been placed at the core of dialogues across ministerial and working-level forums throughout the presidency year.

The grouping has evolved into a vital platform for diplomatic and political alignment among major emerging markets and developing countries. It now comprises 11 full members: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Alongside these, a partner-country framework has been introduced, including Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Thailand, Uganda, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.

Collectively, this expanded alliance represents approximately 49.5 per cent of the global population, 40 per cent of world GDP, and 26 per cent of international trade.

The bloc began as BRIC, comprising Brazil, Russia, India, and China, formalised during the inaugural BRIC Foreign Ministers’ meeting at the United Nations General Assembly in New York in 2006.

The first BRIC Leaders’ Summit was hosted in Yekaterinburg, Russia, in 2009. South Africa joined in 2011, transforming BRIC into BRICS. The group later expanded further, with Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE joining in January 2024, followed by Indonesia in January 2025.

The partner-country category was established at the 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan in 2024, with nine nations joining in 2025 before Vietnam became the tenth partner nation.

Despite its expanding agenda, institutional collaboration remains structured around three foundational pillars: Political and Security; Economy and Finance; and Cultural and People-to-People Exchanges.

The Political and Security pillar addresses international peace, counter-terrorism, global governance, and reform of the multilateral system. The Economy and Finance pillar covers trade, investment, financial cooperation, development finance, and global economic architecture.

The Cultural and People-to-People dimension builds societal ties through educational, youth, sports, cultural, and tourism initiatives. Over time, this mechanism has widened to include climate policy, food and energy security, agricultural cooperation, telecommunications, employment, trade, World Trade Organization engagement, and joint security responses.

The upcoming New Delhi summit follows the 17th BRICS Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on July 6 and 7, 2025, under Brazil’s chairship. That summit focused on Global South cooperation, inclusive governance, global health, climate action, artificial intelligence governance, trade, and financial mechanism efficiency during the first high-level assembly of the broadened grouping.

For India, the 2026 chairship marks its fourth tenure heading BRICS, following previous terms in 2012, 2016, and 2021. India last held the chair in 2021, hosting the 13th BRICS Summit virtually on September 9 under the theme “BRICS@15: Intra-BRICS Cooperation for Continuity, Consolidation and Consensus.”

During that chairship, New Delhi organised over 150 ministerial and sector-specific events focused on reforming the multilateral system, strengthening counter-terrorism cooperation, deploying digital tools for the Sustainable Development Goals, and enhancing people-to-people exchanges. These priorities were enshrined in the New Delhi Declaration adopted at the 13th summit.

Carrying forward this legacy, India’s 2026 presidency bridges established reform goals with expanded priorities, placing resilience, innovation, cooperation, and sustainability at the heart of the bloc’s collective agenda. Leaders will convene in New Delhi to assess the group’s evolving global role and chart the path forward.

ANI

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