IG Defence Targets Gulf Market With KAL Long-Endurance Loitering Munition Amid Tensions In The Region

Indian drone manufacturer IG Defence has announced that it is in advanced discussions with countries in the Gulf for the possible export of its KAL drone, a Shahed-class long-range, one-way attack system, The Print reported.

The company confirmed in a statement on Wednesday that the platform, engineered for deep-penetration missions against high-value strategic targets, was unveiled in May at the North Tech Symposium in Prayagraj.

Officials emphasised that the KAL drone is fully developed and tested, though they declined to comment on whether the Indian armed forces have conducted trials, citing policy not to disclose such information.

They underlined that the system is entirely designed and developed in India, marking a significant milestone in indigenous defence technology.

The KAL belongs to the emerging class of Shahed-136-type long-range, one-way attack drones. This category has transformed contemporary warfare by combining extended range, precision strike capability, operational simplicity, and affordability. With an operational range of up to 1,000 kilometres, endurance of seven to eight hours, and the ability to carry a 50-kilogram payload, the KAL is positioned as a cost-effective solution for modern strike operations.

IG Defence highlighted that ongoing regional conflicts have underscored the strategic importance of affordable, precision-guided unmanned systems capable of operating deep within contested environments.

Such systems reduce risks to personnel while significantly lowering the cost of long-range precision strike missions. The KAL integrates long endurance, autonomous navigation, and precision targeting into a single platform designed to meet evolving battlefield requirements.

The company noted that every major power has now developed its own version of the Shahed drone, originally created by Iran. Russia fields the Geran-2, while the United States has developed the LUCAS. India’s entry into this domain reflects its ambition to strengthen indigenous capabilities and reduce reliance on foreign imports.

IG Defence is one of three Indian companies working on Shahed-like drones. Alongside it, Bangalore-based NewSpace Research and Technologies has developed the Sheshnaag-150, while Lucknow-based Hoverit has produced the Divyastra in both MK-1and MK-2 versions. Together, these projects illustrate India’s growing ecosystem of autonomous strike technologies.

The company stated that as Gulf nations and other strategic regions expand investments in autonomous strike capabilities, global demand for sovereign, affordable, and rapidly deployable unmanned systems is expected to rise sharply. Subject to Government of India export approvals and regulatory clearances, IG Defence believes the KAL positions India as a trusted supplier of indigenous defence technologies to friendly foreign nations.

Beyond the KAL, IG Defence has developed a diverse portfolio of unmanned systems. These include interceptor drones, FPV combat drones, autonomous UAVs, counter-UAS systems, AI-enabled swarm technologies, electronic warfare solutions, tactical robotics, and logistics drones. This breadth of development demonstrates the company’s ambition to become a comprehensive provider of advanced defence technologies.

Speaking on the development, Bodhisattwa Sanghapriya, founder and CEO of IG Defence, remarked that the future battlefield will be increasingly defined by autonomous, long-range precision strike capabilities.

He described the KAL as an important milestone in India’s journey towards self-reliance in advanced defence technologies and a demonstration of the country’s ability to design and develop world-class indigenous systems.

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HAL Develops Indigenous FADEC For HTSE‑1200 Helicopter Turboshaft Engine

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited has embarked on a significant step towards achieving complete self‑reliance in rotorcraft propulsion systems.

The company has initiated the development of an indigenous Full Authority Digital Engine Control system for its 1200 kW class Hindustan Turbo Shaft Engine, a move that will secure critical intellectual property and eliminate dependence on foreign suppliers.

The HTSE‑1200 has been designed by the Aero Engine Research and Design Centre in Bangalore. It generates 1200 kW of power at sea level and is tailored for helicopters in the 3.5‑metric ton category with single‑engine configurations, as well as those in the 5 to 8‑metric ton category with twin‑engine configurations. This versatility makes it suitable for a wide range of military and civil rotorcraft platforms.

The FADEC system represents a technological leap by replacing traditional hydromechanical controls with a digital computer. This allows precise optimisation of fuel flow and engine performance, ensuring greater efficiency and reliability.

By automating critical functions, the system reduces pilot workload and enhances safety, particularly in demanding operational environments such as high‑altitude missions.

The introduction of FADEC will also improve operational limits, enabling helicopters powered by the HTSE‑1200 to perform more effectively in diverse conditions. This is especially important for India’s armed forces, which require dependable propulsion systems for missions in mountainous terrain and other challenging theatres.

Beyond operational benefits, the indigenous FADEC development secures India’s control over a vital aspect of aero‑engine technology. Foreign export restrictions have historically limited access to advanced engine control systems, creating vulnerabilities in supply chains.

By developing its own system, HAL ensures that future helicopter programs will not be constrained by external dependencies.

This initiative builds upon HAL’s broader strategy of indigenisation in aerospace propulsion. The HTSE‑1200 itself is a landmark project, and the addition of FADEC strengthens its technological foundation. Together, they represent a decisive move towards establishing a fully indigenous helicopter engine ecosystem.

The development of FADEC also aligns with India’s national goals under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative. By mastering such complex technologies, the country enhances its strategic autonomy and positions itself as a credible player in the global aerospace sector.

The ability to design, manufacture, and control advanced propulsion systems domestically is a critical enabler for future growth.

HAL’s progress in this area reflects years of investment in research and design. The Aero Engine Research and Design Centre has been at the forefront of these efforts, and the HTSE‑1200 project demonstrates the maturity of India’s aero‑engine capabilities.

The FADEC system will further elevate this achievement, ensuring that India’s helicopters are equipped with state‑of‑the‑art propulsion controls.

The integration of FADEC into the HTSE‑1200 will mark a turning point in India’s aerospace journey. It will not only enhance the performance and safety of rotorcraft but also symbolise the country’s determination to achieve technological sovereignty in critical defence domains.

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India Develops SHARUR A Cutting-Edge Remote-Controlled Weapon Station For The Navy

India has unveiled the RCWS-Sharur, a cutting-edge remote-controlled weapon station designed for naval deployment. Built by Bharat Electronics Limited in Bangalore, it combines heavy firepower, advanced optics, and missile integration to strengthen the Indian Navy’s combat readiness.

The RCWS-Sharur is a remote-controlled weapon station engineered for installation on Indian warships. Developed by Bharat Electronics Limited in Bangalore, it represents a significant leap in indigenous naval technology. The system is designed to provide enhanced firepower, versatility, and protection against multiple threats in maritime environments.

The primary weapon fitted on the RCWS-Sharur is a 12.7mm heavy machine gun, which can be swapped with a 40mm automatic grenade launcher depending on mission requirements.

This flexibility allows the system to adapt to both anti-personnel and anti-material roles. On either side of the station, two Man-Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missiles (MPATGM) are mounted, giving the platform strong anti-armour capabilities.

The RCWS-Sharur is equipped with an advanced electro-optical suite that includes a day-night camera, a laser rangefinder, and an infrared thermal imager. These sensors ensure accurate target acquisition and engagement in all weather conditions, day or night. The system also features automatic target tracking, enabling it to lock onto and follow moving threats with precision.

One of the key strengths of the RCWS-Sharur is its 360-degree rotational capability, allowing it to engage targets from any direction. Operators can control the system remotely from the ship’s control room, ensuring safety and reducing exposure to hostile fire. The effective range of the system extends up to 2,000 metres, making it suitable for engaging both sea-based and aerial threats.

Future upgrades are planned to integrate the Naval Anti-Drone System (NADS), which will enhance its ability to counter unmanned aerial vehicles. This addition will make the RCWS-Sharur a multi-domain defence solution capable of tackling emerging threats in modern naval warfare.

The RCWS-Sharur is currently undergoing final trials and is expected to be deployed across Indian Navy vessels soon. Its induction will significantly boost the Navy’s combat readiness, providing a versatile and indigenous solution that aligns with India’s Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative. Defence analysts view the system as a critical step in strengthening India’s maritime security posture in the Indo-Pacific region.

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HAL’s HTFE‑25 Turbofan Achieves 99.5% Core Speed In Testing

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited has achieved a significant milestone in the development of its indigenous HTFE‑25 turbofan engine. The engine has successfully reached 99.5 percent core speed during testing, marking a crucial step forward in India’s efforts to establish a self‑reliant aero‑engine ecosystem.

The HTFE‑25 is a 25 kN thrust‑class turbofan designed to power basic and advanced military trainer aircraft, business jets, and large unmanned aerial vehicles. HAL has already built two core engines and one complete engine, all of which are undergoing extensive testing.

The successful light‑up, acceleration, and high‑speed core engine trials demonstrate the maturity of the design and the robustness of its engineering.

The engine is expected to power single‑engine aircraft in the 5‑ton category and twin‑engine aircraft up to 9 tons. This capability will provide India with a versatile propulsion solution for a wide range of platforms, reducing dependence on imported engines and strengthening indigenous aviation technology.

The development of the HTFE‑25 is part of HAL’s broader strategy to create a domestic aero‑engine program that can support both current and future aircraft requirements.

The engine’s modular design allows scalability and adaptability, enabling it to be tailored for different applications.

HAL has emphasised that further development and validation tests are underway, including endurance trials, performance mapping, and integration studies with potential aircraft platforms.

This achievement builds upon HAL’s earlier successes in engine development, including the HTSE‑1200 turboshaft program for helicopters. Together, these initiatives represent India’s growing competence in propulsion technology, an area traditionally dominated by foreign manufacturers.

The HTFE‑25’s progress is particularly important because aero‑engines are among the most complex and strategically sensitive components in aerospace engineering.

The indigenous development of such an engine also has strategic implications. It enhances India’s ability to sustain its military aviation fleet without external supply chain vulnerabilities.

It also opens opportunities for export, as many countries seek reliable and cost‑effective propulsion systems for trainer aircraft and UAVs. The HTFE‑25 could become a competitive offering in the global market once certified.

HAL’s achievement reflects years of research, design, and testing. The engine’s ability to reach near‑maximum core speed indicates that it is approaching readiness for full‑scale trials. Once validated, it will provide a critical boost to India’s aerospace industry, supporting both defence and civil aviation sectors.

The milestone underscores India’s commitment to achieving technological sovereignty in aerospace. By indigenously developing advanced propulsion systems, HAL is laying the foundation for future aircraft programs that will rely on domestic engines rather than imported ones.

This aligns with national goals under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative, ensuring that India’s aviation sector remains resilient and self‑sufficient.

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Apollo Micro Systems Secures Fresh ₹213 Crore Defence Orders And Expands Role In Indigenous Weapon Programs

Apollo Micro Systems has secured fresh defence orders worth ₹213.39 crore from the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Defence Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs), and private industries, marking another significant expansion in its order book.

The company’s empanelment as a Prime Development Agency for the Indigenous Precision Range Extension Kit (IPREK) program further strengthens its role in India’s defence ecosystem.

Apollo Micro Systems announced on 5 August 2026 that it has received new contracts valued at ₹213.39 crore.

These orders were awarded in the ordinary course of business and span DRDO, defence PSUs, and private sector firms.

The company did not disclose the detailed breakup of the contracts or their execution timelines, but the inflow adds considerable strength to its pipeline.

The announcement follows closely on the heels of Apollo Micro Systems being empanelled by the Indian Air Force as a Prime Development Agency for the Indigenous Precision Range Extension Kit program under the Make‑II category of the Defence Acquisition Procedure 2020.

This program involves developing a guidance kit to convert 500 kg unguided bombs into precision glide weapons, enabling standoff strikes from distances exceeding 80 kilometres. Such capability allows aircraft to remain outside the range of many air defence systems, enhancing survivability and operational effectiveness.

Apollo Micro Systems clarified that the empanelment does not yet constitute a commercial contract. Revenue will accrue only after a Project Sanction Order and subsequent procurement contract are issued. Nevertheless, the empanelment is a strong endorsement of the company’s engineering and technological capabilities in precision‑guided munitions.

The latest orders come just weeks after Apollo Micro Systems secured contracts worth ₹134.35 crore from DRDO, the Indian Navy, defence PSUs, a state government, and private clients.

Its step‑down subsidiary, IDL Explosives Ltd, also received work orders worth ₹55.22 crore, scheduled for execution over two years. These developments highlight the company’s growing footprint across defence electronics, explosives, and mission‑critical systems.

In parallel, Apollo Micro Systems has been pursuing strategic expansion. Last month, it signed a share purchase agreement to acquire a 41.33 per cent stake in Premier Explosives Ltd for ₹1,550 crore.

This acquisition, involving 2.22 crore equity shares, will give Apollo Micro Systems control of Premier Explosives and significantly broaden its presence in the defence manufacturing value chain. The move aligns with the government’s Aatmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India initiatives, aiming to build an integrated indigenous defence manufacturing ecosystem.

The combination of fresh orders, empanelment in advanced weapon programs, and strategic acquisitions demonstrates Apollo Micro Systems’ ambition to consolidate its role as a leading indigenous defence manufacturer. Its trajectory suggests increasing participation in India’s defence modernisation efforts, particularly in precision‑guided weapons, explosives, and mission‑critical electronics.

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India’s Defence Revolution: Indigenous Engine, Expanding Navy, And Hypersonic Missile Power

India is undergoing a defence transformation with three pillars: the revival of the indigenous Kaveri 2.0 fighter jet engine, the Indian Navy’s ambitious expansion to a 200-warship fleet by 2035, and the successful testing of the 1,500 km-range Long-Range Hypersonic Anti-Ship Missile (LR-AShM). 

Together, these initiatives mark a decisive step in India’s quest for self-reliance and strategic dominance in the Indo-Pacific.

India’s Gas Turbine Research Establishment in Bangalore has revived the Kaveri 2.0 engine after decades of setbacks. The upgraded design has achieved thrust levels of 81–83 kilonewtons with full afterburner capability, a milestone witnessed by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.

Engineers have reduced the engine’s weight from 1,235 kg to about 1,100 kg, with further optimisation targeting below 1,000 kg. Advanced materials such as single-crystal blades and polymer composites, along with digital twin modelling, have accelerated development.

The engine is expected to power future TEJAS MK-1A upgrades, unmanned combat aircraft, and eventually the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA). This revival aims to end India’s dependence on imported GE F404/F414 engines, which have faced delivery delays.

The Indian Navy is simultaneously pursuing an ambitious plan to expand its fleet to over 200 warships by 2035.

Currently operating around 150 vessels, the Navy has nearly 50 more under construction. Recent inductions include INS Mahendragiri, a Nilgiri-class stealth frigate under Project 17A, and INS Malvan, an anti-submarine warfare craft. Project 75(I) will add six advanced submarines with air-independent propulsion, while Project-17B promises next-generation frigates.

Indigenous aircraft carriers such as INS Vikrant and planned nuclear-powered submarines (SSNs) will further strengthen India’s maritime posture. A $8.4 billion maritime revival package aims to position India among the world’s top five shipbuilding nations by 2047. This expansion is driven by the need to counter China’s 370-ship navy and Pakistan’s Hangor-class submarines, ensuring India’s dominance in the Indian Ocean Region.

The third pillar is the LR-AShM hypersonic missile, successfully tested off Odisha in May 2026. Developed by DRDO’s Advanced Systems Laboratory, the missile struck a target 1,500 km away with precision. It uses a two-stage solid rocket booster and a hypersonic glide vehicle capable of speeds up to Mach 10.

Its quasi-ballistic trajectory and atmospheric skipping manoeuvres make it nearly undetectable by conventional radar. Equipped with indigenous active radar homing seekers, the missile can engage both stationary and moving targets, including aircraft carriers.

This weapon fills a critical gap between the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile and strategic ballistic systems, offering the Navy a potent non-nuclear strike option. Limited production has already begun, with induction expected before 2030.

Together, Kaveri 2.0, the 200-warship expansion, and the LR-AShM hypersonic missile represent India’s integrated strategy for defence modernisation. They enhance self-reliance, reduce dependence on foreign suppliers, and strengthen deterrence across air and sea domains. India’s maritime strategy now emphasises securing sea lanes, protecting trade routes, and projecting power deep into the Indo-Pacific, aligning with its broader geopolitical ambitions.

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Redon Systems Achuk-350 Loitering Munition Trials In Ladakh Mark Breakthrough In India’s High-Altitude Strike Capability

Hyderabad-based Redon Systems has successfully conducted high-altitude trials of its Achuk-350 loitering munition in Ladakh, demonstrating indigenous capability to operate in extreme conditions above 4,500 metres.

This marks a significant advancement in India’s unmanned strike systems, combining endurance, precision, and adaptability for mountain warfare.

The Achuk-350 loitering munition is a barrel-launched, fixed-wing drone designed for precision strikes against high-value targets. It is equipped with electric propulsion, folding wings, and modular payload options, making it versatile for different mission profiles.

The system supports both High-Explosive (HE) and High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) warheads, enabling it to engage personnel, armoured vehicles, bunkers, and fuel or ammunition depots.

Trials were conducted in Ladakh under the supervision of the Indian Army’s Northern Command. The munition was tested at altitudes ranging between 3,500 and 4,600 metres, with successful flights even above 17,500 feet in high wind velocity conditions.

Operating in such thin air and extreme temperatures, from minus thirty to plus fifty degrees Celsius, highlights the robustness of its design. The endurance of the Achuk-350 exceeds fifty minutes, with a strike radius of up to thirty kilometres, offering commanders extended surveillance and strike capability in contested zones.

The munition cruises at speeds of around one hundred kilometres per hour, balancing endurance with rapid engagement. Its AI-driven optical homing system allows autonomous or semi-autonomous targeting, identifying vehicles, fortified positions, and terrorist hideouts. This adaptability ensures effectiveness in both conventional and asymmetric warfare scenarios.

The Achuk-350 is compatible with Redon’s Bheeshan Multi-Barrel Munition Launcher System (MBMLS), India’s first indigenous vehicle-mounted launcher. Mounted on a Stallion platform, the launcher can deploy up to eighteen loitering munitions in two minutes, with a four-second interval between launches. This enables swarm tactics, overwhelming enemy defences and creating saturation strike effects. The system becomes operational within fifteen minutes, ensuring rapid battlefield integration.

Redon Systems has emphasised indigenous innovation, with the Achuk series developed entirely under the IDDM (Indigenously Designed, Developed, and Manufactured) category.

The company has achieved a Technology Readiness Level of TRL-8/9, indicating maturity for induction into the Indian Armed Forces and potential export. The trials in Ladakh confirm the munition’s readiness for deployment in high-altitude theatres, where India faces strategic challenges.

The success of the Achuk-350 represents a decisive step in India’s defence modernisation program. It provides the armed forces with a cost-effective, precise, and mobile strike capability, reducing dependence on imported systems. Defence analysts note that such systems will be critical in countering adversaries in mountainous regions, where traditional artillery and missile systems face limitations.

By integrating loitering munitions with a rapid-deployment launcher, Redon Systems has created a mobile strike ecosystem that blends drone endurance with artillery-style firepower.

This achievement strengthens India’s position in modern warfare, offering a strategic edge in contested high-altitude environments.

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Department of Space Launches Incentive Programs To Boost Private Space Sector, To Get 30-100% Subsidy

The Department of Space has introduced two new financial incentive programs through IN-SPACe, designed to accelerate private sector participation in India’s space industry.

These initiatives, known as the Launch Services Price-Support Scheme (LSPS) and the Price Support Scheme, provide subsidies ranging from 30% to 100% on launch costs, technology transfers, Earth observation data, and the use of ISRO facilities.

The schemes are intended to reduce barriers for start-ups and non-government entities, enabling them to access advanced infrastructure and services at significantly lower costs.

The Launch Services Price-Support Scheme specifically targets small satellite operators. It extends launch incentives for satellites weighing up to 100 kilograms on PSLV, GSLV, and LVM-3 missions. 

Under this scheme, private firms will receive a 30% subsidy on contractual launch costs, or up to $3,000 per kilogram, whichever is lower. This measure is expected to make India’s launch services more competitive globally and encourage domestic firms to develop and deploy small satellite constellations for communication, Earth observation, and scientific applications.

The Price Support Scheme complements LSPS by focusing on broader infrastructure and technology access. Running for three years until February 2029, it aims to reduce the cost of utilising local space infrastructure.

It offers up to 50% support for using Department of Space and IN-SPACe technical facilities, including testing centres, integration facilities, and specialised expertise. This will allow private firms to leverage state-of-the-art infrastructure without incurring prohibitive expenses.

Another key component of the scheme is a 30% subsidy on Technology Transfer Fees for licenses obtained from ISRO. This provision is designed to encourage private industry to absorb and commercialise ISRO’s advanced technologies, ranging from propulsion systems to satellite subsystems. 

By lowering the cost of licensing, the scheme ensures that more firms can adopt proven technologies and bring them to market efficiently.

The scheme also provides a 50% subsidy on standard Earth observation data and products. This will support downstream applications such as agriculture monitoring, urban planning, disaster management, and climate studies.

By making high-quality satellite data more affordable, the government aims to stimulate innovation in sectors that rely on geospatial intelligence, while also expanding India’s footprint in the global data services market.

Together, these programs represent a significant step in India’s strategy to expand its space economy. They are expected to attract new entrants, strengthen indigenous capabilities, and enhance competitiveness in the international market.

Industry experts believe that these incentives will accelerate the growth of private space firms, foster innovation, and ensure that India achieves its target of capturing a larger share of the global space economy in the coming decade.

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India Advances Deployment of Indigenous Small Modular Reactors Under Nuclear Energy Mission

The Nuclear Energy Mission announced in the Union Budget 2025–26 has set a clear objective to design, develop and operationalise at least five indigenous small modular reactors. This initiative is part of a broader plan to achieve 100 GWe nuclear power generation capacity by 2047.

The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre has taken the lead in developing three demonstration reactors, namely the 220 MWe Bharat Small Modular Reactor, the 55 MWe Small Modular Reactor, and the High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor with a capacity of up to 5 MWth for hydrogen production.

Based on operational experience, the capacity of the Bharat Small Modular Reactor is envisaged to be augmented to 300 MWe.

BARC has pursued indigenous development of these reactors in collaboration with domestic industries, leveraging expertise gained from the design and construction of pressurised heavy water reactors. The necessary technology for development and deployment is already available in the country, and most equipment lies within the manufacturing capability of Indian industries with technological support from BARC.

Special materials such as the Advanced Purified Reactor Vessel Alloy have been developed indigenously, along with forging technology for reactor pressure vessels of both the Bharat Small Modular Reactor and the SMR-55. The control rod drive mechanism has also been developed in-house.

The Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India Act, enacted in December 2025, provides a coherent legislative framework for nuclear energy. It enables private sector participation in research and innovation for peaceful applications under license and safety authorisation, while retaining sovereign control.

The act strengthens the regulatory framework by granting statutory status to the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, ensuring stringent oversight. It also reforms the liability regime to align with international conventions, introducing a graded liability system based on facility type and reactor capacity, thereby opening the sector to wider participation.

The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board has specified safety requirements for nuclear power plants based on light water reactors, pressurised heavy water reactors, and sodium cooled fast reactors. These requirements are aligned with international benchmarks, including those of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

The regulatory processes established by AERB are generally technology neutral, allowing them to be applied to advanced reactors such as SMRs, with only minor technology-specific reviews required.

Under the Nuclear Energy Mission, a budgetary provision of ₹20,000 crore has been allocated for research, development, and deployment of small modular reactors. Significant progress has already been made.

The Bharat Small Modular Reactor has received in-principle approval for engineering and construction, with administrative and financial sanction cleared by the Atomic Energy Commission and approval granted by the Empowered Technology Group. Tarapur in Maharashtra has been approved as the site. The SMR-55 has also received in-principle approval for engineering and construction, with Tarapur designated as its site.

The High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor has received in-principle approval, with BARC Vizag approved as the site. Siting consent has been received, and terms of reference for environmental clearances have been issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

The estimated construction time for these demonstration reactors is between 60 and 72 months from receipt of financial approval. These projects represent a major step in India’s nuclear energy program, combining indigenous technological capability, strengthened regulatory oversight, and legislative reforms to ensure safe, efficient, and scalable deployment of small modular reactors.

They are expected to play a pivotal role in meeting rising energy demand, supporting hydrogen production, and contributing to long-term energy security and decarbonisation goals.

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India Advances Naval Training With Wargaming And Anti-Drone Simulation

India is advancing naval training by integrating next-generation wargaming systems and expendable aerial target drones, designed to simulate anti-ship missiles and hostile drones.

These technologies are reshaping how warship crews prepare for modern threats, combining anti-drone simulation with realistic live-fire exercises to strengthen maritime defence.

India’s naval training transformation is centred on the introduction of advanced wargaming systems and anti-drone simulation technologies.

The Ministry of Defence has issued a request for information for next-generation expendable aerial targets, formally designated as Expendable Aerial Target (Next Generation) or EAT-NG. These drones are intended to replicate the speed, manoeuvres, and flight profiles of modern sea-skimming missiles, providing naval crews with realistic combat scenarios during live-fire exercises.

Unlike reusable drones, the EAT-NG platforms are designed to be destroyed during training engagements. This ensures that warship crews experience authentic conditions when practising missile and gun system operations.

The drones must achieve speeds of at least 300 metres per second, sustain flight for up to 60 minutes, and operate at altitudes as low as five metres above sea level. They are also required to execute sustained 2G turns, mimicking the agility of contemporary anti-ship threats.

The ground control stations for these drones are expected to manage at least six targets simultaneously, with full autonomous flight capability along pre-programmed routes. In case of data-link failure, the system must remain recoverable.

To enhance realism, the drones will feature low radar cross-sections by default, with options to increase radar signatures using transponders or corner reflectors. Post-engagement analysis will be supported by acoustic miss-distance indicators capable of detecting incoming fire within a radius of ten metres.

Operational flexibility is a key requirement. The drones should be launchable from ships or shore facilities using rocket-assisted take-off and must function effectively in sea state 3 conditions and winds of up to 30 knots.

After ditching at sea, they are expected to remain afloat long enough for recovery by boat or helicopter. The projected service life of the system is around fifteen years, ensuring long-term utility for naval training programs.

This initiative is closely tied to India’s broader push for defence self-reliance under the Atmanirbhar Bharat vision. The Defence Research and Development Organisation has already developed the Abhyas high-speed target drone, which has completed trials and entered mass production.

The EAT-NG procurement process emphasises indigenously designed, developed, and manufactured systems, reinforcing India’s commitment to reducing dependency on foreign suppliers.

The integration of naval wargaming and anti-drone simulation technologies reflects India’s recognition of evolving maritime threats. Hostile drones and advanced anti-ship missiles pose significant challenges to naval operations, and training with realistic simulations ensures that crews are prepared to counter them effectively.

These developments also highlight the growing role of indigenous defence start-ups and research institutions in shaping India’s military modernisation.

By combining advanced wargaming systems with anti-drone simulations, India is building a robust framework for maritime defence readiness. This transformation ensures that naval personnel are equipped with the skills and experience necessary to safeguard national interests in increasingly contested waters.

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Promised Flexibility: Inside The Rise of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors, But Face Cost, Waste And Safety Challenges

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are being promoted as a flexible, climate-friendly energy source, but despite their promise of faster construction, smaller land use, and potential efficiency gains, major challenges remain — including cost, waste disposal, water use, and safety risks.

Global deployment is accelerating, yet experts warn that SMRs may arrive too late and at too high a cost to meaningfully impact climate goals.

Mini reactors are gaining momentum as politicians and technology companies push for new nuclear power plants to meet rising energy demands. SMRs, originally developed for submarines and aircraft carriers, function like larger reactors by using uranium fuel to generate heat through nuclear fission, which produces steam to drive turbines.

Their modular design allows prefabricated components to be assembled quickly, reducing construction times to between one and a half and six years, compared to seven to ten years for conventional reactors.

One major advantage is land efficiency. SMRs require only about two hectares, roughly the size of two football fields, whereas conventional plants can need up to 280. This makes them attractive for deployment in remote regions with limited infrastructure. However, renewable sources such as solar and wind offer similar flexibility without nuclear risks.

SMRs produce between 10 and 200 megawatts of power, far less than conventional plants that generate 1,000 to 1,600 MW. To match the output of the 400 large reactors currently operating worldwide, tens of thousands of SMRs would be required.

While smaller reactors contain less radioactive material, Germany’s Federal Office for Radiation Protection warns that the sheer number of units needed would increase the likelihood of accidents. Past disasters, such as Fukushima in 2011, highlight the catastrophic consequences of nuclear incidents.

Some designs, known as fast reactors, could theoretically yield 60 to 70 times more energy from uranium, but this remains largely unproven. Only two SMRs are currently operational worldwide — one in China and one in Russia. Recycling of fuel rods is also under exploration but remains experimental. 

The unresolved issue of radioactive waste persists, with no permanent disposal site yet operational globally. Finland’s Onkalo repository, expected to open in 2026, will be the first of its kind.

Water scarcity adds another complication. Nuclear plants rely heavily on water for cooling, and droughts have already forced European nations to reduce output. While SMRs use less water individually, clustering them could increase overall consumption. Researchers are investigating alternatives such as molten salts and helium gas.

Economic viability is another hurdle. The German Institute for Economic Research estimates that electricity from SMRs will cost at least twice as much per megawatt-hour as solar or wind, and potentially up to eight times more.

Industry figures suggest that profitability would only be achieved with 3,000 reactors worldwide, yet projections indicate only a few hundred may be built by 2050. Even with accelerating projects in China, the US, Europe, and India, SMRs are unlikely to scale quickly enough to meet climate neutrality targets by 2050.

Global developments show momentum: China’s Linglong One is nearing commercial operation, Canada’s BWRX-300 is under construction, and the US has advanced projects from TerraPower, X-energy, and Kairos Power with federal support. India has launched a ₹20,000 crore mission to deploy five indigenous SMRs by 2033.

Big technology companies, including Microsoft, Meta, Google, and Amazon, have committed to over 10 GW of nuclear capacity to power data centres. Yet the HALEU fuel supply chain remains a bottleneck, and regulatory frameworks are still evolving.

Despite enthusiasm, SMRs face unresolved challenges in cost, waste, safety, and scalability. Their climate impact may be limited if they cannot be deployed rapidly and affordably. What remains is the radiation risk and the persistent question of how to manage nuclear waste.

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India Dismisses Pakistan’s ‘Youm‑e‑Istehsal’ Over Article 370, Cites Violence in PoK

India has strongly rebuked Pakistan’s latest attempt to mark the anniversary of the abrogation of Article 370 as “Youm-e-Istehsal” or day of exploitation.

The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) dismissed the move as a desperate manoeuvre designed to spread fabrications and divert global attention from Islamabad’s poor human rights record and its role as a sanctuary for terrorism.

MEA spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal described Pakistan’s observance of Youm-e-Istehsal as political absurdity and a futile exercise aimed at propagating hostility against India. He reaffirmed that Jammu and Kashmir, along with Ladakh, are integral and indivisible parts of India.

Jaiswal emphasised that the constitutional changes made on 5 August 2019 were entirely an internal matter of India. He noted that these decisions had ushered in socio-economic development, good governance, and democratic empowerment for the people of the region. He stressed that Pakistan had no locus standi to comment on matters strictly internal to India.

The MEA highlighted the stark contrast between India’s administrative progress and Pakistan’s repression in territories under its illegal control. Jaiswal pointed out that the international community was witnessing brutal suppression of fundamental rights in Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir (PoK), where recent weeks had seen lethal violence, targeted killings, and draconian bans imposed on peaceful civil rights protests.

He accused Islamabad of orchestrating diplomatic theatre while simultaneously fostering cross-border militancy. Jaiswal urged Pakistan to stop the bloodshed in PoK, take credible and irreversible action against terror networks operating from its soil, and vacate all Indian territories under its illegal occupation. He asserted that the world was not fooled by such orchestrated spectacles.

India’s response coincided with the anniversary of the 2019 constitutional changes that revoked Jammu and Kashmir’s temporary special status. Over the past seven years, the region has recorded steady progress in infrastructure, education, tourism, and civic administration. This stands in sharp contrast to PoK, which remains plagued by civil unrest, security crackdowns, and continuous agitation against state repression.

New Delhi has repeatedly exposed the cosmetic electoral exercises in PoK, describing them as a façade to disguise unlawful occupation and ongoing human rights abuses. Jaiswal reiterated that the ongoing mass protests in PoK were a direct consequence of economic exploitation, denial of fundamental rights, and administrative oppression by Pakistan.

Independent reports have noted that protests in PoK have intensified, with widespread demands for accountability and international intervention. Amnesty International and other rights groups have condemned Pakistan’s violent suppression, calling for transparent investigations into unlawful killings. Diaspora communities have also staged demonstrations abroad, drawing attention to the plight of civilians in PoK.

India’s firm stance underscores its consistent position that Jammu and Kashmir, including PoK, is an inseparable part of the nation. The MEA’s remarks highlight New Delhi’s determination to expose Pakistan’s duplicity and to press for global scrutiny of its actions.

ANI

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Bangladesh Expresses Outrage Over Sheikh Hasina’s Live Media Interaction In New Delhi

Bangladesh has expressed outrage over the live interaction of deposed former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina with the media in New Delhi. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Dhaka accused her of launching venomous vitriol against Bangladesh and its people during the event.

In a strongly worded statement, the ministry said it was outraged that the absconding convicted genocider was allowed to engage in such an interaction. It described the remarks made by Hasina and her associates as an attack on the State of Bangladesh and its citizens.

Dhaka emphasised that concerns had already been conveyed to the Government of India about the likely ramifications of permitting such an event. Despite these warnings, the press interaction was allowed to proceed, which Bangladesh described as deeply regrettable.

The ministry noted that the timing of the event was particularly offensive, as it coincided with the second anniversary of the July Revolution. It said that Hasina’s appearance on Indian soil was an affront to Bangladesh’s sovereignty and a grievous insult to the martyrs of the revolution.

The statement condemned Hasina’s denial of facts established by the United Nations, including the killing of civilians and children during July–August 2024 by her regime. It described her attempt to reverse the tide of history as futile, stressing that the people of Bangladesh had already rejected such efforts.

Reaffirming the ideals of the July Revolution, the ministry declared that Bangladesh would never return to the dark days of fascism and would never become a client state. It insisted that Hasina and her associates would never again have a place in the country’s political life.

Bangladesh reiterated its desire to maintain constructive and forward-looking relations with India. It said that ties should be based on sovereign equality, mutual respect, non-interference, and national dignity. However, it regretted that repeated requests for Hasina’s extradition under the 2013 treaty had not yet received a response from India.

The ministry added that allowing Hasina to interact with the media under any pretext was deeply hurtful to the sentiments of the Bangladeshi people. It warned that such actions were detrimental to the development of harmonious bilateral relations.

Earlier in the day, Sheikh Hasina announced her decision to return to Bangladesh in December. She declared that she was prepared to face arrest, imprisonment, or even threats to her life.

Speaking at her first virtual press briefing from New Delhi since leaving Bangladesh, she said she could not remain abroad while her supporters and countrymen continued to suffer. She vowed to return to her people, stating that whatever fate awaited her, she would go back in December.

This latest confrontation underscores the deep tensions between Dhaka and New Delhi over Hasina’s continued presence in India. It highlights the political sensitivity surrounding her planned return and the unresolved issue of her extradition.

ANI

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Sisir Radar Demonstrates Indigenous Spaceborne Unfurlable Antenna Breakthrough

Sisir Radar has achieved a significant breakthrough in the development of a miniaturised spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar system operating in the X band.

The team has successfully built a Design Verification Model featuring an unfurlable antenna, a technology that is both complex and critical for space applications. This milestone marks a major step forward in indigenous radar engineering.

The engineers have demonstrated the first version of a two‑metre diameter unfurlable antenna structure. The demonstration included both stowed and deployed configurations, showcasing the reliability of the design. The structural members of the antenna have been realised using Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer, a material chosen for its strength, lightweight properties and resilience in the harsh conditions of space.

The most challenging aspect of the project was the design and manufacture of the links that enable the antenna to unfurl smoothly and lock into place. After extensive effort, the team cracked this complex engineering problem.

The links have been realised through a combination of 3D printed parts and precision‑machined elements, ensuring both innovation and robustness in the final product.

A particularly noteworthy achievement is that all the links and edge elements were manufactured entirely in‑house. This demonstrates a high level of self‑reliance and technical capability, reducing dependence on external suppliers and ensuring complete control over quality and design. Such in‑house development is rare and reflects the maturity of Sisir Radar’s engineering program.

By successfully building this unfurlable antenna reflector structure from scratch, Sisir Radar has become only the third group in the country to achieve this feat, following the Indian Space Research Organisation and the Defence Research and Development Organisation. This positions the company among the elite in advanced radar and antenna technology development.

The unfurlable antenna is a critical enabler for spaceborne SAR systems, as it allows large aperture sizes to be deployed in orbit while maintaining compact stowed dimensions during launch.

This capability enhances imaging resolution and coverage, making the system highly valuable for earth observation, surveillance and strategic applications. The use of CFRP ensures durability against thermal cycling and radiation, while the precision links guarantee repeatable deployment in space conditions.

This achievement not only strengthens India’s technological base in advanced radar systems but also highlights the growing role of private and independent groups in contributing to national space and defence programs. The success of Sisir Radar in this domain reflects a broader trend of innovation and capability building beyond traditional government agencies.

Agencies

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SpaceX Rocket Debris Accidentally Crashes Into Moon At 8,700 Kmph Per Hour

SpaceX has inadvertently achieved its first lunar impact after a discarded upper stage of a Falcon 9 rocket slammed into the Moon at extraordinary speed.

The collision occurred early on Wednesday morning, producing a violent explosion and carving out a crater estimated to be around 60 feet wide and 12 feet deep, though some projections suggest it could measure up to 100 feet across.

SpaceX official Julianna Scheiman said solar activity and gravitational forces had gradually pushed the rocket onto its collision course.

Astronomers had been tracking the rogue rocket stage for months, predicting it would eventually strike the lunar surface. Travelling at 5,400 miles per hour (approx. 8,700 Kmph), roughly seven times the speed of sound on Earth, the impact generated a flash that may have been visible from our planet.

NASA noted that such collisions are not unusual, with impacts of similar energy striking the Moon approximately once every six days.

The Falcon-9 component had been drifting in space for over a year after being jettisoned during a January 2025 mission. That mission successfully delivered two lunar landers, Firefly’s Blue Ghost and ispace’s Hakuto‑R, but left the upper stage in a trajectory that eventually intersected with the Moon. By late April, astronomers had confirmed that the debris was on course for a crash landing.

SpaceX founder Elon Musk has long promised ambitious lunar programs, including the development of the Starship mega-rocket to transport cargo and astronauts to the Moon.

His vision even includes constructing a lunar base with a factory to produce AI satellites. Yet, despite these aspirations, no SpaceX craft has yet reached lunar orbit or achieved a controlled landing.

The company described the explosion in its familiar euphemism of “rapid unscheduled disassembly.” Because the impact was difficult to observe directly, scientists will need time to analyse the event fully. They hope to gain insights into the physics of ejecta in low gravity, where debris can travel vast distances across the lunar surface.

The Moon itself is no stranger to bombardment. Without an atmosphere to shield it, meteoroids strike daily, leaving countless craters. Human activity has also contributed to lunar scars.

NASA deliberately crashed Saturn-V rocket stages into the Moon during the Apollo missions of the 1970s, and in 2009, it intentionally impacted a rocket part to study the effects.

This latest crash raises renewed concerns about space junk and the disposal of spent rocket stages. Astronomer Bill Gray, who developed the Project Pluto software used to track near‑Earth objects, highlighted the carelessness of leaving hardware adrift. He noted that while the incident poses no danger, it underscores the need for better practices in managing orbital debris.

Scientists will now examine the crater and the material expelled by the explosion. Even if the scientific value is modest, the event provides another opportunity to study impacts in a unique environment. It also serves as a reminder of the challenges posed by space debris as humanity pushes further into deep‑space exploration.

Agencies

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