Indian Navy's Underwater Capabilities Set For Major Boost As Indigenous AIP System Reaches Crucial Trial Phase

India has achieved a major milestone in its efforts to strengthen the Indian Navy's underwater warfare capabilities, with the inauguration of the Setting to Work Phase-2 (STW-2) activity of the indigenous Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system.

The development marks an important step towards equipping the Navy's conventional submarine fleet with technology that will significantly enhance its underwater endurance and operational effectiveness.

The AIP Energy Module has been developed indigenously by the Naval Materials Research Laboratory (NMRL) under the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). The technology is designed to reduce the dependence of diesel-electric submarines on atmospheric oxygen, allowing them to remain submerged for much longer periods without needing to surface or snorkel for battery charging.

The inauguration ceremony was held at Larsen and Toubro's AM Naik Heavy Engineering Complex in Hazira, Gujarat. Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh, who also serves as Chairman of DRDO and Secretary of the Department of Defence Research and Development, attended the event virtually as the chief guest.

Senior officials present at the facility included Vice Admiral B. Sivakumar, Chief of Materiel of the Indian Navy, and DRDO Director General (Naval Systems and Materials) R. Balamuralikrishnan.

The commencement of STW-2 represents a critical stage in the program's progression. During the next phase, the AIP Energy Module will be energised for power production and subjected to rigorous testing in accordance with Indian Navy protocols.

Upon successful completion of these trials, the system will be handed over to Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited for integration into a Kalvari-class submarine in early 2027. The retrofit is expected to provide a substantial enhancement to the Navy's existing fleet of Scorpene-class submarines.

According to the Defence Ministry, the indigenous AIP system will significantly improve the underwater endurance of conventional submarines by enabling them to operate for extended periods without relying on atmospheric oxygen. This capability reduces the frequency with which submarines need to surface, thereby lowering the risk of detection during operations.

The technology is regarded as a major force multiplier for diesel-electric submarines. Conventional submarines typically rely on batteries while submerged and must periodically approach the surface to recharge them using diesel generators. Air Independent Propulsion technology addresses this limitation by generating power underwater, enabling longer and stealthier deployments.

Speaking at the event, Rajesh Kumar Singh congratulated DRDO and its industry partners for achieving the milestone. He praised the scientific dedication and industrial cooperation behind the indigenous AIP effort, noting that the program had now translated into "productive reality on the shop floor".

He also acknowledged the consistent support provided by the Indian Navy throughout the development process, including its role in testing and validating the system at every stage of the trials.

Singh stressed the importance of maintaining momentum in subsequent phases of the project so that the Navy's planned induction schedule can be achieved. At the same time, he underscored the need to preserve "the exacting safety culture that hydrogen and fuel cell systems require without compromise".

The indigenous AIP initiative is considered a key component of India's broader drive for self-reliance in critical naval technologies. The system is based on advanced hydrogen fuel-cell technology, an area that demands stringent safety standards as well as sophisticated engineering expertise.

The program has been the result of years of collaboration between DRDO, the Indian Navy and industry partners. Earlier development phases validated the technology's performance, paving the way for the current power-generation and operational testing stage.

Once inducted, the AIP-equipped Kalvari-class submarines are expected to gain a significant stealth advantage by remaining underwater for substantially longer durations. This improvement will enhance the Navy's ability to conduct surveillance, deterrence and combat missions across the Indian Ocean Region while reducing exposure to hostile detection systems.

The latest achievement therefore represents not only a technological milestone for India's indigenous defence ecosystem but also a notable step forward in strengthening the Indian Navy's future underwater combat capabilities.

Agencies

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BrahMos At Forefront of India's Military Exports As War-Proven Missile Expands Global Reach

The BrahMos supersonic cruise missile has emerged as one of the most significant symbols of India's growing military strength and defence export ambitions, with BrahMos Aerospace highlighting the system's expanding international footprint following its combat debut during Operation Sindoor in 2025.

The missile system, jointly developed by India and Russia, was employed in active combat by the Indian Armed Forces for the first time during Operation Sindoor. During the operation, BrahMos missiles struck critical targets, including major Pakistani airbases such as Nur Khan, demonstrating the weapon's operational effectiveness in high-intensity conflict scenarios and reinforcing its reputation as one of the world's most capable supersonic cruise missiles.

The combat success of BrahMos comes at a time when India's defence exports have reached ₹38,400 crore, recording an annual growth of 62.7%. The missile system has become a cornerstone of this export drive and is increasingly viewed as a flagship product showcasing India's indigenous defence manufacturing capabilities on the international stage.

Speaking about the program's achievements, BrahMos Aerospace Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer Dr Jaiteerth Joshi said, "The BrahMos success story at the exports frontier started even before the weapon was combat-tested in 2025. In 2022, we received our first historic export order, and that multi-million dollar deal propelled forward India's defence export aspirations at the global arena."

Dr Joshi noted that BrahMos has steadily expanded its export reach since securing its first overseas order from the Philippines. According to him, the system's reputation strengthened significantly after it proved its capabilities during Operation Sindoor, enabling the company to secure further international interest.

"Today, BrahMos stands at the forefront of India's military exports strategy. As a flagship product, the supersonic cruise missile has steadily expanded its exports arc, especially after it established its impeccable capabilities and became a ‘war-proven’ system during Operation Sindoor in May 2025. We have signed deals with two more countries in Southeast Asia this year after our first export deal with the Philippines. So, we are strongly positioned in the international market today, and are looking ahead to further expand our exports foothold," he said.

BrahMos Aerospace is simultaneously focused on meeting existing domestic and international commitments. Dr Joshi stated that the company's immediate and long-term priorities include fulfilling all orders received from the Indian Armed Forces while expanding manufacturing capacity across its production network.

Production facilities located in Hyderabad, Nagpur, Pilani and Lucknow are operating at full capacity to support current requirements. The company is also accelerating research and development efforts through the establishment of specialised "Tech-bricks" dedicated to niche technologies required for future BrahMos variants and testing programmes.

Highlighting efforts to strengthen industrial resilience, Dr Joshi said, "Strengthening supply chain to meet growing demand and surge capacity in case of any eventuality. From earlier 1-2 Industry partners of each system / sub-systems we are willing to develop 4-5 sources. This will also help to bring in competition in terms of quality and price."

BrahMos continues to play a central role in India's export ambitions, with orders and deliveries linked to the Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam expected to push total exports associated with the missile system beyond 600 million US dollars.

Reflecting on the missile's performance, Dr Joshi described BrahMos as a uniquely capable weapon suited for modern warfare. "The world has always been looking at BrahMos with awe and wonder. After ‘Operation Sindoor’, the incredibly versatile missile has proven that it is indeed an enigma – a highly evolved, formidable system for today's complex, multi-domain, high-intensity kinetic warfare."

He further stated, "As India's unparalleled 'first strike' weapon, BRAHMOS has validated its power and supremacy as the most lethal weapon in its class and calibre capable of eliminating adversary's targets with deadly accuracy while maintaining stealth, swiftness and agility."

Looking towards future developments, BrahMos Aerospace is advancing work on the BrahMos-NG (Next Generation), a smaller, lighter and stealthier version of the missile. The system is being jointly developed by India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Russia's NPO Mashinostroyeniya through BrahMos Aerospace.

The new missile is expected to significantly enhance India's air-launched strike capabilities by allowing a wider range of aircraft to carry larger numbers of weapons while maintaining the high-speed performance associated with the BrahMos family.

Dr Joshi said the first prototype is expected to be developed between 2027 and 2028. "We expect to develop the first prototype by 2027 or 2028. Since this new system will have higher indigenous content, and would also feature many new technologies, advanced materials etc., we need to undertake extensive R&D work. We have chalked out our plans and steadily moving forward in this direction. At this point of time, it is under development stage."

Another major objective on the company's long-term roadmap is the development of a BrahMos variant capable of striking targets at ranges of up to 1,500 kilometres.

According to Dr Joshi, BrahMos has already validated extended-range capabilities through multiple tests conducted from land, sea and air platforms, significantly surpassing the missile's original 290-kilometre range limitation.

"We have taken up the range extension program in a phase-wise manner, and the missile has validated its longer range capabilities during test firings conducted from ground, sea and air, surpassing its initial 290-km strike ambit.

The 1,500-km range is part of our future roadmap which is presently at the conceptual stage. We are in discussion with our JV partner for further upgrades in the missile system," he said.

In another boost for the program, the Ministry of Defence on 6 October signed a contract with BrahMos Aerospace for the procurement of BrahMos Fire Control Systems and Launchers for Indian Navy warships. The project contains a minimum indigenous content of 68% and is expected to encourage substantial participation from Indian industries, including micro, small and medium enterprises.

The latest developments underline how BrahMos has evolved from a strategic weapons programme into one of the most visible examples of India's push towards self-reliance in defence production.

With expanding export orders, continued technological upgrades, increasing indigenous content and a growing production base, the missile system is poised to remain at the centre of India's military modernisation and global defence export strategy for years to come.

ANI

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IAF Backs Theatre Reform But Rejects Permanent Split of Fighter Assets Across Commands

In his most detailed remarks so far on India's proposed military theatre command restructuring, Air Chief Marshal AP Singh has made it clear that the Indian Air Force (IAF) does not support the permanent geographical division of its fighter aircraft assets, while reiterating the service's commitment to greater jointness and integration with the Army and Navy.

Speaking in an interview, the Chief of Air Staff stressed that theatre commands must be designed around India's unique security challenges rather than being modelled on structures adopted by other countries.

He argued that recent conflicts around the world have once again demonstrated the decisive influence of air power on military outcomes, making the organisation and employment of air assets a critical consideration in any future military structure.

According to Air Chief Marshal Singh, the central issue is not whether the armed forces should be integrated, but how air power can be utilised to maximum effect within an integrated framework.

He said the IAF fully supports the broader objective of jointness but does not see theatre commands as a mechanism for permanently allocating fighter assets to specific geographical areas.

"Recent conflicts around the world have once again underlined how decisively air power can shape military outcomes. That is precisely why the question of how air power is organised matters so much," he said.

Highlighting the distinctive characteristics of air power, the Air Chief Marshal noted that its speed, reach, flexibility and capacity to rapidly concentrate combat strength at a chosen point provide a significant operational advantage.

He explained that modern combat aircraft are not limited to the regions from which they operate. With capabilities such as aerial refuelling, long-range precision weapons, networked sensor systems and flexible basing arrangements, air assets can be deployed over considerable distances and shifted quickly between theatres as operational requirements change.

"The guiding principle should, therefore, be centralised control where necessary, and decentralised execution where appropriate. That way, air power can be concentrated where it is needed most, while commanders retain the agility to act swiftly on the ground," he said.

The Air Chief Marshal pointed to Operation Sindoor as an example of how such an approach can work effectively in practice. He said the operation was conducted under a joint architecture established by the Chief of Defence Staff and the three service chiefs, allowing critical resources to be allocated and reallocated centrally in response to operational requirements.

According to him, this centralised management of key assets, supported by a common tri-service air picture, enabled dynamic decision-making and played a decisive role in achieving operational objectives.

"Our own experience bears this out. During Operation Sindoor, under a joint architecture established by the Chief of Defence Staff and the three service chiefs, the centralised allocation and timely reallocation of critical resources proved decisive in the outcome," he said.

India's theatre command initiative was announced in 2019 and represents the country's most far-reaching military reform effort since Independence.

The objective is to integrate the capabilities of the Army, Navy and Air Force under unified command structures to improve operational coordination, efficiency and combat effectiveness during both war and peacetime contingencies.

Under the proposed framework, a Northern Theatre Command headquartered in Lucknow would focus on challenges along the China frontier, while a Western Theatre Command based in Jaipur would deal primarily with Pakistan-related contingencies.

A separate Maritime Theatre Command in Thiruvananthapuram would oversee maritime security and naval operations across India's areas of interest. Despite broad agreement on the need for enhanced integration among the services, progress on implementing the reform has been slower than anticipated because of differing perspectives regarding command structures, force allocation and operational control.

The IAF has consistently urged caution, arguing that any reorganisation must preserve the flexibility that is central to the effective employment of air power. Air Chief Marshal Singh also warned against assuming that future warfare can be predicted with certainty.

He observed that coming conflicts are likely to be faster-paced, increasingly autonomous, heavily dependent on networks, more transparent in some respects yet more deceptive in others, while simultaneously combining precision effects with the requirement for scale and mass.

"As we design future structures, we must also avoid the trap of trying to predict the future battlefield with excessive certainty," he said.

"What we can anticipate is that the next conflict will likely be: faster, more autonomous, yet more network-dependent, more transparent, yet more deceptive and more precise in some respects, and characterised by mass in others."

The Air Chief stressed that future force structures must be adaptable enough to absorb these shifts and remain effective in a rapidly evolving operational environment. He said any theatre command model adopted by India should be assessed solely against the country's own strategic, geographical, technological and operational realities.

"Our structures must be able to absorb that shift. They should be evaluated against India's specific security requirements, not built by replicating models from other countries, because each nation operates within its own strategic, geographical, technological and operational environment," he observed.

The Air Chief further emphasised that such a large-scale military transformation should be implemented gradually and in carefully managed phases to ensure that combat readiness is not adversely affected during the transition.

"A transformation of this scale should also be implemented in phases, so that operational readiness is never compromised," he said.

Reaffirming the IAF's support for the overall reform effort, Air Chief Marshal Singh said the service remains a committed partner in building a more integrated and capable military structure. He stated that future conflicts will inevitably be multi-domain in nature, requiring significantly closer planning and operational coordination among the three armed services than ever before.

"We will work hand in hand with our sister Services to build structures that are distinctly Indian, that preserve the inherent flexibility of air power, and that ensure India fights its future wars as one," he said.

At present, the Army, Navy and the Air Force operate through separate command structures. The proposed theatre command model seeks to bring elements of all three services under unified commanders responsible for specific geographic regions, enabling integrated planning, resource utilisation and warfighting across land, air, maritime, cyber and space domains.

The debate surrounding theatre commands has increasingly centred on balancing the benefits of integrated operations with the need to preserve the unique strengths of each service. The IAF's latest position signals support for reform while underscoring that the mobility and flexibility of air power must remain central to the final design of India's future military command architecture.

PTI

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India Tells Pakistan To Vacate Illegally Occupied Jammu And Kashmir, Focus On Citizens Instead Of Military Directives

India has strongly criticised Pakistan at the United Nations, accusing it of once again misusing an international platform to spread propaganda and reiterating that Jammu and Kashmir is an integral and inalienable part of India.

New Delhi also called on Islamabad to vacate all territories that remain under what it described as Pakistan's illegal occupation.

Speaking during the UN General Assembly Third Committee Interactive Dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues, India's First Secretary to the UN, Raghoo Puri, rejected Pakistan's remarks on Jammu and Kashmir and reaffirmed India's position on the region.

"Pakistan predictably misused the forum for propaganda. Jammu & Kashmir is an integral and inalienable part of India. Pakistan must vacate the territory under its illegal occupation," Puri said.

He further stated that Pakistan's representatives should focus on the welfare and well-being of their own citizens rather than acting on military directives.

Emphasising India's approach towards minority rights, Puri said the protection of minorities is fundamentally the sovereign responsibility of individual states and must be carried out in accordance with the principle of sovereign equality. He noted that India's long-standing civilisational commitment to diversity is reflected in constitutional safeguards for both religious and linguistic minorities.

Puri also highlighted the significant contribution made by minority communities to India's progress, pointing out that members of these communities have held some of the country's highest constitutional positions and leadership roles across major institutions.

The latest exchange follows another sharp response delivered by India at the United Nations on 23 October, when New Delhi criticised Pakistan over its treatment of religious minorities. India accused Islamabad of failing to safeguard vulnerable communities while attempting to lecture others on issues relating to religious freedom, burial rights and minority protections.

During an interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief concerning funeral rights in exceptional circumstances, India's First Secretary at the Permanent Mission to the UN, Bhavika Mangalanandan, questioned aspects of the report's findings on religious discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mangalanandan argued that the report appeared to focus disproportionately on alleged shortcomings in countries of the Global South while overlooking comparable challenges and tragedies experienced in developed nations. She also raised concerns regarding the report's advocacy of funeral rights for terrorists.

Separately, India reaffirmed its commitment to addressing climate change through a framework based on equity, climate justice and sustainable development during discussions at the UN General Assembly.

Speaking on the report titled, "An urgent and existential threat: the role of justice systems in addressing the climate crisis," Deputy Secretary Barkha Tamrakar said India views climate change as a serious global challenge with far-reaching implications for development, livelihoods and human rights.

Tamrakar emphasised that India's climate policies are guided by climate justice, sustainable development and the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC). She highlighted that environmental protection is supported by constitutional provisions, comprehensive legislation, the National Green Tribunal and an independent judiciary.

She further noted that the Supreme Court of India has recognised the fundamental rights to life and equality as important safeguards against the adverse effects of climate change.

Tamrakar also pointed to transparent and institutionally supervised judicial training programmes, including those conducted through the National Judicial Academy, aimed at strengthening judicial impartiality and preserving the independence of the judiciary.

Through its interventions across multiple UN forums, India underscored its positions on Kashmir, minority rights, religious freedom and climate governance, while maintaining that constitutional safeguards, democratic institutions and an independent judiciary remain central to addressing both domestic and global challenges.

ANI

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INS Sahyadri Concludes INDRA 2026, Strengthening India-Russia Naval Cooperation

Indian Navy warship INS Sahyadri departed Vladivostok on 20 October after successfully completing the bilateral naval exercise INDRA 2026 with the Russian Federation Navy (RuFN), marking another step forward in maritime cooperation between the two nations.

The exercise was conducted in two distinct phases, harbour and sea, with the objective of enhancing operational coordination, interoperability and professional collaboration between the Indian and Russian navies.

During the harbour phase, personnel from both sides participated in a series of engagements that included interactions among senior naval leadership, cross-deck visits, subject matter expert exchanges, operational coordination discussions, sporting fixtures and cultural programs.

These activities provided an opportunity to share professional expertise, exchange operational best practices and strengthen mutual understanding.

The sea phase focused on a range of joint operational activities, including coordinated manoeuvring exercises, integrated communications drills, helicopter operations and medical evacuation procedures. Through these exercises, participating units refined joint operating procedures and improved their ability to work together effectively during maritime missions.

Sporting and cultural interactions further strengthened camaraderie between sailors from both navies, reinforcing the longstanding naval relationship and spirit of cooperation shared by India and Russia.

The successful completion of INDRA 2026 reaffirmed the broader defence and maritime partnership between the two countries. The exercise highlighted the importance of regular naval engagement, combined training and operational interaction in addressing common maritime challenges and enhancing regional maritime security.

It also underscored the commitment of the Indian Navy and the Russian Federation Navy to expanding professional cooperation while contributing to a secure, stable and peaceful maritime environment through sustained bilateral naval collaboration.

Agencies

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Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh Granted One-Year Extension Until October 2027

The Union Government has approved a one-year extension in service for Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh, ensuring his continuation as the administrative head of the Department of Defence until 31 October 2027, or until further orders.

The decision, cleared by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), extends the tenure of the 1989-batch Indian Administrative Service officer of the Kerala cadre beyond his previously scheduled retirement date of 31 October 2026.

The extension was formalised through an order issued by the Department of Personnel and Training on 24 October. It was granted through relaxation of the provisions contained in Fundamental Rule 56(d) and Rule 16(1A) of the All India Services (Death-cum-Retirement Benefits) Rules, 1958, thereby allowing Singh to remain in office for an additional year.

Singh occupies a uniquely influential position within India's national security architecture. Alongside his responsibilities as Defence Secretary, he also serves as Secretary of the Department of Defence Research and Development and Chairman of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).

Holding all three roles simultaneously places him at the centre of defence policymaking, military capability development, indigenous technology programs and long-term modernisation initiatives.

The government's decision provides continuity at a time when India is pursuing some of its most significant defence reforms in decades. These efforts encompass military modernisation, indigenous manufacturing, defence procurement reforms and the integration of advanced technologies across the armed forces.

Maintaining stable leadership at the highest bureaucratic level is expected to support the implementation of long-term projects that often require extensive coordination between multiple ministries, services and industrial partners.

As Defence Secretary, Singh oversees a broad range of policy, administrative and coordination functions within the Ministry of Defence. His continued tenure comes as the government intensifies its push towards self-reliance in defence production, promotes greater private-sector participation in military manufacturing and seeks to streamline acquisition processes while enhancing operational preparedness.

The extension also coincides with India's ongoing efforts to expand domestic defence production capabilities and reduce reliance on imported military equipment. Policymakers have increasingly focused on building a robust defence industrial ecosystem, strengthening indigenous research and development, encouraging collaboration between public and private enterprises and enhancing the competitiveness of Indian firms in global markets.

Defence exports have become a major component of India's strategic and industrial agenda in recent years. Expanding overseas sales of Indian-made systems requires close coordination between government agencies, manufacturers, diplomatic missions and partner nations. Continuity in leadership is likely to support these ongoing efforts as the country seeks to establish itself as a significant supplier in the global defence market.

A major reason for the importance of Singh's extension is the long gestation period associated with defence acquisitions. Large procurement projects typically involve complex negotiations, multiple layers of financial scrutiny, inter-ministerial consultation and extended implementation schedules. His continued presence is expected to provide consistency in decision-making and oversight during critical stages of several major acquisition programs.

His responsibilities within the defence research establishment add another important dimension to his role. Under DRDO's leadership, India continues to develop indigenous technologies across a range of strategic sectors, including missile systems, radar technologies, aerospace platforms, electronic warfare equipment, advanced materials and other critical military capabilities.

The combination of administrative authority and technological oversight allows for closer alignment between procurement requirements and research objectives.

India's defence sector is simultaneously adapting to a rapidly evolving technological environment shaped by artificial intelligence, autonomous systems, cyber capabilities, advanced manufacturing techniques and space-based military technologies.

Integrating these capabilities into operational planning and acquisition frameworks requires sustained cooperation between the armed forces, research institutions, state-owned enterprises and private industry. Singh's dual administrative and scientific oversight roles are viewed as advantageous in supporting such coordination.

The armed forces are also advancing extensive modernisation plans covering combat aircraft, submarines, naval platforms, armoured vehicles, missile systems, electronic warfare capabilities and a range of emerging technologies. The Defence Secretary's office plays a pivotal role in coordinating policy decisions and facilitating administrative processes related to these initiatives.

As a result, Singh's extended tenure will coincide with a particularly significant phase in the implementation of defence acquisition decisions and industrial policy measures. Nevertheless, the success of these programs will continue to depend upon timely approvals, effective execution, technological maturity and sustained coordination among the various institutions involved.

Beyond his official responsibilities, Singh has been actively engaged in discussions concerning the future direction of India's defence sector. He was a keynote speaker at the Bharat Defence Conclave 2026 in New Delhi on 24 September, where senior military leaders, policymakers and industry representatives examined issues ranging from indigenous manufacturing and military modernisation to emerging technologies and future capability requirements.

The government's move underscores its desire to maintain continuity in defence administration while balancing the immediate operational needs of the armed forces with the broader objective of building a technologically advanced, self-reliant and internationally competitive defence industrial base.

With responsibilities spanning defence administration, procurement oversight, research and development, and technological innovation, Singh will continue to play a central role in shaping India's defence priorities through October 2027.

Agencies

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AI-Powered Robotic Solution Revolutionises Artillery Gun Barrel Inspection And Cleaning

India's Bitmapper Integration Technology has developed an advanced Automated Gun Barrel Cleaning and Inspection Robot (ABCR), a sophisticated indigenous system designed to automate the maintenance of large-calibre artillery and gun systems.

Engineered, developed and manufactured in the country, the robotic solution is intended for modern 155mm, 130mm, 125mm, 105mm and 76.2mm artillery platforms, significantly reducing the need for labour-intensive manual cleaning procedures.

The ABCR is a modular robotic platform capable of autonomously crawling through gun barrels to perform both cleaning and inspection tasks.

Designed for use with both smooth-bore and rifled barrels, the system addresses one of the most demanding aspects of artillery maintenance by ensuring thorough cleaning while reducing maintenance time and operator workload.

Before commencing the cleaning cycle, the robot is manually inserted into the gun barrel. Once inside, it conducts a pre-cleaning inspection using an AI-assisted vision system. The onboard camera scans the internal surface of the barrel and identifies areas with heavy fouling, carbon accumulation and other contamination. This preliminary assessment enables the system to accurately detect regions requiring focused cleaning attention.

Following the inspection phase, the robot automatically initiates a comprehensive cleaning sequence. During this process, it degreases the barrel, applies specialised cleaning agents, performs brushing operations and mops internal surfaces.

The system has been specifically designed to remove carbon deposits, copper fouling and post-combustion residues that accumulate after repeated firing, all of which can adversely affect barrel performance and service life if left untreated.

A key feature of the ABCR is its patented brushing mechanism, which thoroughly cleans the interior barrel surface. Operators can choose between a pre-programmed cleaning sequence or utilise AI-assisted operation, allowing the robot to adapt the cleaning process based on inspection findings.

The AI-powered vision system continuously monitors the barrel's condition and can localise any remaining uncleaned patches, automatically directing further cleaning actions to ensure complete coverage.

The automation capability of the system represents a significant advancement over conventional barrel maintenance methods. In its fully automated mode, the robot not only identifies fouled sections but also verifies cleaning effectiveness in real time. This closed-loop inspection and cleaning approach helps ensure that no contaminated areas remain within the barrel after the maintenance cycle is completed.

Once the cleaning process has concluded, the robot performs a final mop-drying operation to remove residual moisture and cleaning agents. It then uniformly applies lubricant oil across the entire internal barrel surface. This lubrication stage is intended to protect the barrel from corrosion and environmental degradation during storage and operational deployment, thereby improving long-term reliability.

The integration of artificial intelligence, machine vision and autonomous mobility into a single maintenance platform reflects the growing adoption of robotics within modern defence sustainment activities.

Systems such as the ABCR can improve maintenance consistency, reduce human exposure to repetitive and physically demanding tasks, and enhance overall artillery readiness through faster turnaround times.

By combining automated inspection, intelligent fault detection, precision cleaning and protective lubrication within one platform, the Automated Gun Barrel Cleaning and Inspection Robot provides a comprehensive maintenance solution for a wide range of artillery systems.

Its ability to identify fouling, remove harmful residues and verify cleaning quality autonomously makes it a notable advancement in modern artillery support technology and a significant example of indigenous defence innovation.

Agencies

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NavIC's Critical Lifeline: ISRO's NVS-03 Advanced Satellite Launch Set For Oct 30th; To Restore India's Independent Navigation Capability

India is preparing for a crucial space mission as the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) gears up to launch the NVS-03 navigation satellite aboard the GSLV-F18 rocket from Sriharikota on 30 October 2026, India Today reported.

The mission is expected to play a key role in restoring the full capabilities of NavIC, India's indigenous satellite navigation system, at a time when the constellation is operating below its minimum requirement for standalone positioning services.

NVS-03 will be the third satellite in the second-generation NavIC constellation and forms part of ISRO's broader effort to modernise and strengthen India's regional navigation infrastructure. Often compared with the United States' GPS network, NavIC provides positioning, navigation and timing services across India and approximately 1,500 kilometres beyond the country's borders, supporting applications ranging from road transport and logistics to maritime operations, disaster response and strategic requirements.

The importance of the upcoming launch stems from a significant operational gap within the current NavIC constellation. In a statement provided to Parliament earlier this year, the government confirmed that only three satellites are presently capable of delivering positioning, navigation and timing services. Those satellites are IRNSS-1B, IRNSS-1I and NVS-01.

For any satellite navigation system to independently determine a user's position, signals from at least four operational satellites are required. With only three functioning satellites currently available, NavIC is unable to provide standalone positioning services. However, its timing service remains fully operational.

A navigation receiver calculates its location by measuring the time taken for signals to travel from multiple satellites. Since receivers do not carry highly precise atomic clocks like those installed on navigation satellites, a minimum of four satellite signals is necessary to accurately determine latitude, longitude, altitude and correct clock errors simultaneously.

As a result, while NavIC continues to operate, it cannot presently determine positions independently using only its own constellation. The successful deployment and commissioning of NVS-03 would restore the minimum four-satellite threshold needed for standalone positioning capability.

Despite this shortfall, the government has emphasised that there are no security or operational vulnerabilities for users. This is because NavIC is widely used in a multi-constellation environment alongside other Global Navigation Satellite Systems such as GPS, Galileo and GLONASS. Modern smartphones, vehicles and specialised navigation equipment routinely combine signals from multiple satellite networks to improve accuracy and reliability.

The mission also carries strategic significance. NavIC was developed to ensure that India has sovereign access to navigation services without depending entirely on foreign-operated systems. The importance of such independence has been recognised since the Kargil conflict, when access to critical navigation data became a national concern. Today, NavIC supports civilian users while also serving important national requirements.

NVS-03 is expected to further improve the resilience of the constellation through upgraded technology. The satellite carries navigation payloads operating in the L1, L5 and S frequency bands, expanding compatibility with a wider range of commercial devices.

It is also equipped with an indigenous Rubidium atomic clock, developed after failures involving imported atomic clocks affected several first-generation NavIC satellites. The successful development of a domestically produced atomic clock marks a significant technological milestone for India's space program.

The satellite has been designed with an operational life of around 12 years and will strengthen both service continuity and system reliability. It will also feature improved encrypted services for authorised users and incorporate advanced ranging capabilities that help maintain the precision required for navigation operations.

The urgency surrounding the mission has increased following difficulties encountered by NVS-02, which was launched in January 2025. Due to a propulsion-related anomaly, the satellite was unable to reach its intended operational orbit and therefore could not join the active navigation constellation. That setback left the system dependent on a limited number of operational spacecraft.

ISRO is therefore viewing NVS-03 as a critical replacement mission that can plug the existing gap and help return NavIC to independent positioning operations. The launch will also be closely watched as another important flight for the GSLV program, which continues to serve as a key vehicle for placing heavy satellites into geosynchronous and geostationary orbits.

The restoration effort does not end with NVS-03. The government has confirmed that NVS-04 and NVS-05 are already in advanced stages of development. These satellites will provide additional redundancy and strengthen the overall health of the constellation, reducing the risk of future service interruptions caused by ageing spacecraft or technical failures.

If NVS-03 performs as planned and successfully enters its designated orbit, India will take a major step towards restoring NavIC's independent positioning capability, reinforcing a strategic national asset that underpins navigation, timing services and technological self-reliance for both civilian and national applications.

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Chairman of The State Duma Vyacheslav Volodin Arrives In New Delhi For 12th BRICS Parliamentary Forum

Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Vyacheslav Volodin, has arrived in New Delhi to participate in the 12th BRICS Parliamentary Forum.

The Russian Embassy in India announced his arrival on X, stating: "Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation Vyacheslav Volodin arrived in New #Delhi to participate in the 12th #BRICS Parliamentary Forum."

India will host the 12th BRICS Parliamentary Forum on 26 and 27 October at the Central Hall of Samvidhan Sadan, bringing together parliamentary leaders and senior representatives from BRICS member and partner countries.

The forum is being held under India's chairship and is expected to serve as an important platform for parliamentary diplomacy, legislative cooperation and dialogue on global challenges. It is also aimed at strengthening collaboration among parliaments and advancing people-centric development.

Speaking at a press conference in Parliament House, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla said the conference marks a new chapter in the history of India's parliamentary diplomacy. The gathering will include Presiding Officers and parliamentary leaders from BRICS member and partner countries, Union Ministers, Rajya Sabha Deputy Chairman Harivansh, Presiding Officers of State Legislatures, Members of Parliament and other dignitaries.

Birla stated that Prime Minister Narendra Modi will attend the event and meet leaders of the visiting delegations.

He further noted that the conference will feature bilateral and multilateral interactions involving visiting delegations and parliamentary friendship groups. A meeting of delegation Secretaries will take place on 25 October to finalise the Joint Statement of the 12th BRICS Parliamentary Forum.

Highlighting the core agenda, Birla said the forum will deliberate on the overarching theme, "Strengthening Parliaments for People-Centric Development".

Building on the legacy of previous BRICS Parliamentary Forums, the event will promote consensus-based dialogue through four high-level sessions focused on resilience, innovation, cooperation and sustainability.

Discussions are expected to examine the role of parliaments in strengthening institutions, encouraging human-centred innovation in artificial intelligence and digital technologies, promoting a more representative global governance framework, and supporting sustainable and inclusive development.

A special meeting of the Chairpersons of the International Affairs Committees of BRICS member and partner countries will also be held to discuss parliamentary diplomacy, capacity building and the exchange of best practices.

Alongside plenary sessions, parallel meetings and bilateral exchanges, delegates will participate in a cultural program showcasing India's heritage and traditions.

The Vice-President of India will host a banquet in honour of the visiting dignitaries, while delegates will also visit the Parliament of India and take part in cultural tours across Delhi.

The two-day gathering is scheduled to conclude on 27 October, with participating nations expected to adopt a Joint Statement reflecting the discussions and outcomes of the forum.

ANI

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India's Battery Storage Capacity Surges 84-Fold to 8.2 GWh In First Half of 2026

India's battery energy storage sector recorded exceptional growth during the first six months of 2026, with 8.2 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of battery storage capacity added between January and June, Industrial Info portal reported.

According to Mercom India Research, this represented an almost 84-fold increase compared with the 98.4 megawatt-hours (MWh) installed during the corresponding period of 2025.

The rapid expansion pushed the country's cumulative installed battery energy storage capacity to 9.3 GWh by the end of June 2026, underlining the accelerating adoption of energy storage technologies across the power sector.

Standalone battery energy storage systems (BESS) remained the dominant deployment model, accounting for 83% of cumulative installed capacity. Rajasthan emerged as the leading state, hosting 36% of total installations, while Gujarat followed with a 20% share. The concentration of projects in these states reflects their significant renewable energy footprints and growing demand for grid-balancing solutions.

The sharp rise in storage deployment highlights increasing investment in infrastructure designed to improve grid stability, manage peak electricity demand and support the integration of renewable energy sources. Battery storage systems allow excess electricity generated during periods of strong renewable output to be stored and supplied when generation falls or demand rises, helping to maintain a more reliable power network.

Project development activity also gathered pace during the first half of the year. Around 28 gigawatts (GW) of storage capacity was tendered, while approximately 9 GW was auctioned. These figures demonstrate strengthening momentum in the procurement pipeline, although tendered and auctioned projects should not be interpreted as operational capacity.

The strong pipeline of new projects suggests that energy storage is becoming an increasingly important component of India's clean energy transition.

As renewable power generation expands, utilities and grid operators are expected to rely more heavily on battery storage to improve system flexibility, enhance electricity supply reliability and support the delivery of a more resilient and lower-carbon power system.

Industry trends indicate that growing recognition of storage's value in peak-demand management and renewable integration is encouraging greater participation from utilities and distribution companies.

The sector's rapid growth trajectory positions battery storage as a critical enabler of India's long-term energy security and decarbonisation objectives.

Agencies

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Oil India Discovers Natural Gas In Untapped Krishna-Godavari Offshore Formation

State-owned Oil India Limited (OIL) has announced a natural gas discovery in the shallow-water Krishna-Godavari Basin off India’s east coast, marking a potentially significant addition to the country’s domestic energy resources.

The discovery was made at the Godavari-1 appraisal well in the Matsyapuri formation, a geological zone that had not previously been explored. According to the company, testing recorded a peak gas flow rate of 2,00,000 standard cubic metres per day (SCMD), indicating encouraging production potential. However, OIL has not yet disclosed an estimate of the reserves associated with the find.

Following the successful test, the company is preparing to evaluate the next prospective zone within the basin, with further drilling and assessment planned to determine the broader resource potential of the area.

The discovery comes as India intensifies efforts to strengthen domestic oil and gas production amid growing concerns over global energy security. Supply disruptions linked to tensions around the Strait of Hormuz have highlighted the vulnerability of energy-importing nations to geopolitical shocks, while elevated crude oil, liquefied natural gas (LNG) and freight costs have continued to pressure India’s energy sector.

Last month, senior OIL officials emphasised the need to accelerate exploration activities within the country. OIL Director of Finance, Abhijit Majumder, warned that global supply chain disruptions and instability in key energy corridors can quickly affect energy availability, pricing and economic stability. 

He stated: “Disruptions to global supply chains and major energy corridors can have an immediate impact on energy flows, prices and economies worldwide.”

Majumder further noted that the Strait of Hormuz situation demonstrates how geopolitical instability in one region can have far-reaching consequences for energy security across the world, reinforcing the importance of developing indigenous hydrocarbon resources.

India’s push for increased exploration follows three consecutive years of declining domestic crude oil production. To reverse this trend and reduce dependence on imports, the government has launched an ambitious offshore exploration drive aimed at unlocking new reserves in Indian waters.

Earlier this year, the government introduced the National Offshore Exploration Scheme, backed by approximately 83,552 Crores (approx. US $8.8 billion) in support through FY 2030-31. The initiative is being positioned as India’s most ambitious offshore exploration mission to date and is expected to accelerate the search for new oil and gas resources across the country’s offshore sedimentary basins.

The latest Krishna-Godavari Basin discovery is therefore significant not only for Oil India Limited but also for the country’s broader energy security objectives, as India seeks to expand domestic production and lessen its exposure to volatile international energy markets.

Agencies

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Starlink Slowdown Raises Questions Over Control of Modern Warfare’s Digital Lifelines

A reported slowdown of SpaceX’s Starlink and Starshield satellite connectivity has reignited debate over who ultimately controls the digital infrastructure that increasingly underpins modern warfare.

The controversy emerged after reports indicated that a temporary throttling of satellite services disrupted Ukrainian military operations, particularly drone missions being conducted against Russian forces.

According to reports citing United States officials and individuals familiar with the matter, SpaceX founder Elon Musk ordered a restriction on connectivity linked to the satellite network relied upon by Ukraine’s armed forces.

The disruption reportedly lasted for around a day and affected battlefield communications as well as both offensive and defensive drone operations.

Ukraine has become heavily dependent on Starlink and its military-focused counterpart, Starshield, throughout the conflict with Russia.

The satellite systems provide critical connectivity for a wide range of military functions, including communications, intelligence sharing, targeting support and drone control.

Ukrainian drones use these networks not only to conduct strikes against Russian positions but also to intercept incoming Russian attack drones.

Military commanders reportedly said the slowdown resulted in lost drones, disrupted operations and failed missions during an active phase of the conflict.

Reports suggested that the restrictions particularly affected drones operating over longer distances, where satellite connectivity is essential for maintaining links with operators. The incident exposed the extent to which Ukraine’s military capabilities have become intertwined with privately operated space-based communications infrastructure.

The situation also highlighted a broader vulnerability facing modern armed forces.

As militaries increasingly integrate commercial satellite services into operational planning, decisions taken by private technology providers can have immediate consequences on the battlefield. The reported slowdown has fuelled questions about whether critical wartime infrastructure should remain under corporate control when military operations can depend on continuous access.

Adding to the controversy were conflicting public explanations regarding who held authority over the military-grade communications system. Musk has previously maintained that Starshield operates under United States government oversight and that any restrictions involving military applications are subject to government direction.

At the same time, former United States President Donald Trump reportedly denied personal involvement in ordering the disruption.

The differing accounts have intensified uncertainty over where ultimate decision-making authority resides when privately developed technologies become strategically important national security assets.

For Kyiv, the immediate concern centred on the operational impact.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky sharply criticised the absence of advance warning, arguing that such decisions carry serious implications when the country remains under sustained Russian military pressure.

His criticism came amid reports of continued Russian attacks, including strikes on civilian areas, where rapid access to communications and early-warning information remains crucial.

Ukrainian officials reportedly viewed the lack of prior notification as particularly troubling because battlefield planning increasingly depends upon uninterrupted digital connectivity.

The episode also underscored how satellite communications have evolved from a supporting capability into a core element of military power. In previous conflicts, armies primarily relied on government-owned communications networks and military satellites.

Today, however, commercial space companies operate some of the world’s most sophisticated and extensive communications constellations. Starlink’s low-Earth-orbit satellite network has become one of the most prominent examples of that transformation.

Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the system has played a major role in keeping Ukrainian military units connected even when conventional communications infrastructure came under attack.

The reported slowdown therefore extends beyond a technical issue.

It has become a case study of how private-sector technologies can directly influence military effectiveness, operational tempo and strategic outcomes during wartime. The incident has also renewed discussion among defence analysts about whether governments should develop greater sovereign control over critical digital infrastructure used in national security operations.

Supporters of private-sector involvement argue that commercial innovation has delivered capabilities far more rapidly than many government programs could achieve.

Critics counter that dependence on corporate networks creates strategic risks if access can be altered, restricted or interrupted during periods of crisis.

The debate is likely to grow as satellite networks, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and autonomous systems become increasingly integrated into military operations around the world.

At its core, the controversy surrounding the reported Starlink slowdown is about far more than a single day of disrupted connectivity.

It raises fundamental questions about authority, accountability and control in an era where private technology companies operate infrastructure that can shape the outcome of conflicts.

As warfare becomes more digitally connected, governments and militaries may face mounting pressure to determine who should hold the decisive switch when critical battlefield networks are involved: elected governments or the private companies that built them.

ANI

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IndiGo Extends Saudi Flight Suspensions Until 31 October As Indian Mission Assists Stranded Pilgrims

IndiGo has extended the cancellation of all flights to and from Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam and Madinah until 31 October 2026 amid the evolving security situation in Saudi Arabia, further disrupting travel plans for thousands of passengers, including Indian Umrah pilgrims.

The airline said the decision followed a careful assessment of the situation and reiterated that passenger and crew safety remains its foremost priority. In its latest advisory, IndiGo stated: "Following a careful assessment, flights to and from Jeddah, Dammam and Madinah will also remain cancelled until 31 October 2026 (inclusive)."

The carrier added: "The safety and well-being of our customers and crew continue to guide every decision we make. We remain in close coordination with the relevant authorities to ensure safe operations."

The extension broadens an earlier advisory issued a day before, under which flights to and from Riyadh had already been suspended until 31 October, while services to Jeddah, Dammam and Madinah were due to resume earlier. The Indian Embassy in Saudi Arabia subsequently amplified the announcement, confirming that IndiGo services on all four routes would remain suspended until the end of October.

The disruption is not limited to IndiGo. Akasa Air has also prolonged the suspension of its flights to and from Jeddah until 10 November and Riyadh until 30 November, citing the same evolving security concerns in the Kingdom.

In response to the widespread travel disruption, the Consulate General of India in Jeddah has activated extensive support measures for affected Indian nationals, particularly Umrah pilgrims stranded by flight cancellations.

Round-the-clock control rooms in both Jeddah and Makkah are providing assistance, with support from Indian community organisations and volunteers to arrange food, essential medicines and other immediate relief where required.

Consular officials are working closely with Saudi authorities, including the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to address issues linked to visa validity extensions and delayed departures.

The mission has also advised pilgrims experiencing accommodation or service-related difficulties during their extended stay to contact the Saudi Ministry of Hajj and Umrah's Pilgrim Care Centre on 1966 within Saudi Arabia, obtain a case reference number, and share that information with consular control rooms for further follow-up.

At the same time, Indian diplomatic officials are maintaining continuous engagement with airlines regarding passenger refunds and are helping connect Indian Umrah tour operators with carriers that continue to operate flights to India. Any alternative travel arrangements remain subject to seat availability, prevailing fares and individual airline conditions.

The consulate has urged affected travellers to stay in regular contact with airlines, travel agents and Umrah service providers regarding rebooking options and refund procedures, while assuring that efforts continue to secure the earliest possible return of stranded Indian nationals.

The travel disruptions come against a backdrop of heightened regional security concerns. Earlier on Friday, Saudi authorities issued an emergency warning regarding a "hostile aerial threat" in Mecca, before later announcing that the danger had passed. Similar alerts were issued in Jeddah, Yanbu and Taif governorates and were subsequently withdrawn.

The General Directorate of Saudi Civil Defence advised residents to follow safety instructions, avoid gatherings and refrain from filming during the alerts. Authorities also instructed the public to contact emergency services through 911 if required.

Further underscoring the security situation, Major General Turki Al-Malki, spokesperson for the Saudi-led coalition, announced that air-defence systems had intercepted and destroyed two ballistic missiles launched by the Houthi militia towards the cities of Taif and Yanbu.

The incident highlights continuing threats to civilian and critical infrastructure targets within Saudi Arabia.

India's Ministry of External Affairs confirmed that the Embassy and Consulate in Saudi Arabia remain actively engaged with airlines, tour operators and Saudi authorities to support affected pilgrims and facilitate their return journey as quickly as possible.

ANI

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Over 4,10,000 March Across France As Cost-Of-Living Protests Spark Clashes With Police In Paris

More than 4,10,000 people took part in demonstrations across France on Saturday as growing frustration over the cost of living, rising fuel prices and perceived shortcomings in education funding fuelled one of the country's largest waves of protest in recent years.

While many marches began peacefully, tensions escalated later in the day, particularly in Paris, where riot police deployed tear gas and water cannons after groups of demonstrators clashed with security forces. Authorities had mounted a major security operation nationwide in an effort to prevent a repeat of the violent unrest witnessed the previous week.

The French Interior Ministry placed national turnout at 4,10,000 participants, although organisers claimed significantly higher numbers. Large demonstrations were reported in Paris, Lyon, Lille, Marseille, Montpellier, Nantes and Toulouse, highlighting the breadth of public discontent. Across the country, around 70,000 police officers and security personnel were deployed to maintain order.

In Lyon, riot police used tear gas to disperse approximately 150 protesters who attempted to block a major road in an area covered by protest restrictions. Nearly 10,000 people were reported to have marched through the city despite the absence of official authorisation and an expanded ban on gatherings in the city centre. Officials said demonstrators assembled in multiple groups and moved "in a very erratic manner, without any clearly defined objective" throughout the afternoon.

Authorities estimated that roughly 26,000 people joined demonstrations in Toulouse. Violent incidents and confrontations with police were also reported in several other cities, including Lille, Marseille, Montpellier and Nantes, although the scale of unrest was generally lower than the disturbances recorded a week earlier.

Ahead of the demonstrations, Interior Minister Laurent Nunez confirmed that 135 people had been arrested and a range of weapons confiscated. Seized items included metal balls, lead pellets, fireworks, slingshots, steel balls, improvised weapons, airsoft guns and a Japanese katana sword. Despite the precautions, clashes erupted in several locations as authorities sought to prevent disruption and protect businesses from looting and vandalism.

Speaking on the security situation earlier in the day, Nunez said "there has been no major incident" and Paris police described the atmosphere in the capital as "calm" before violence later broke out. Additional preventive measures included security checks and restrictions in sensitive urban areas.

The protests coincided with a two-day convention of Marine Le Pen's National Rally party in Orléans, which became a focal point for demonstrators. Local authorities reported that around 11,000 protesters had gathered in the city by midday, with marchers directing criticism at both Le Pen and President Emmanuel Macron. Protesters carried anti-far-right banners and chanted slogans as the convention unfolded six months before France's presidential election.

The Orléans demonstration drew a broad coalition of participants, including left-wing political leaders, trade unions, student organisations, activists and non-governmental groups such as Amnesty International. At the same convention, Jordan Bardella was re-elected as president of National Rally, with supporters gathering at the Zénith arena and chanting "Marine for President".

The nationwide mobilisation grew out of student protests that began more than a month ago over school conditions, teacher shortages, timetable concerns and inequalities between public and private education. 

What started as a student-led campaign has expanded into a wider movement involving trade unions, civil society organisations and members of the Yellow Vests movement, transforming into a broader protest against living costs and economic pressures.

The latest demonstrations followed a week of serious unrest that saw public buildings attacked, shops looted and thousands arrested. Against that backdrop, President Emmanuel Macron convened a meeting of his defence council, bringing together senior ministers and officials as authorities monitored the evolving situation and prepared for further challenges ahead of next year's presidential election.

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Europe On Alert: Jihadists Urge Suicide Bombings, Vehicle Attacks On Police And Demonstrators

European security agencies have been placed on heightened alert following the discovery of jihadist messaging urging extremists to target police officers and demonstrators during large-scale economic protests taking place across several European countries.

Spanish authorities identified messages circulating on a platform allegedly linked to the self-proclaimed Islamic State, encouraging followers to exploit ongoing civil unrest in countries including Portugal, Spain, France and Italy. The material reportedly called for attacks against both law enforcement personnel and civilians attending demonstrations.

Portugal's Internal Security System (SSI) confirmed that it is closely monitoring the threat. In a statement, the agency said: "The Secretary General of the Internal Security System is closely monitoring the situation mentioned within the scope of her responsibilities and in constant coordination with the relevant authorities."

According to findings highlighted by Spanish security authorities, extremist propaganda has urged supporters to take advantage of crowded demonstrations and confrontations between protesters and police. The material reportedly framed the unrest as an opportunity to strike at both security forces and large public gatherings.

An internal assessment cited by Spanish officials suggested that the scale of recent demonstrations, particularly in France where participation exceeded 8,00,000 people last weekend, presents what extremists describe as "a rare opportunity to attack them" while making law enforcement "easy prey when there are skirmishes with protesters".

The propaganda is also reported to have promoted so-called "martyrdom" operations, including suicide bombings and vehicle-ramming attacks. Security agencies across Europe are consequently increasing vigilance amid concerns that extremist actors could seek to exploit volatile public gatherings.

The warnings come as protests continue to intensify across parts of Europe. In France, demonstrations that began in late September over deteriorating school conditions and teacher shortages have evolved into broader anti-government protests driven by rising living costs, elevated fuel prices and public sector spending cuts. Protesters have increasingly directed criticism towards President Emmanuel Macron's administration.

Violence linked to the unrest has escalated significantly. French authorities have reported serious incidents including firebomb attacks that heavily damaged Limoges City Hall and tourism offices in Lyon. Similar acts of violence and arson have also been recorded in Italy, particularly in Milan.

Meanwhile, Portugal and Spain have witnessed persistent demonstrations and protest encampments fuelled by public frustration over soaring living costs and severe housing shortages. Major urban centres including Lisbon, Porto and Madrid have experienced near-daily protest activity.

Amid the deteriorating security environment, India has advised its citizens in France, Italy and Belgium to remain vigilant and avoid areas affected by demonstrations. Indian diplomatic missions in the region continue to monitor developments and remain in contact with local Indian communities.

Ministry of External Affairs spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal emphasised the importance of following official guidance, stating: "Indian nationals in these countries where protests are happening are advised to remain vigilant and exercise due caution when they are moving out and also to avoid areas where protests are happening. They must also follow local advisories which are being issued by the government."

He further added: "Our Embassies in France and in Italy have also issued advisories for our nationals and they must follow those advisories. On our part, we remain committed to the welfare and safety of our nationals abroad."

Earlier this week, the Indian Embassy in France issued a separate travel and safety advisory, urging Indian nationals and prospective travellers to remain cautious following violent clashes linked to the cost-of-living protests and wider anti-government demonstrations that continue to affect parts of the country.

ANI

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