India Targets Five Small Modular Reactors By 2033 To Boost Nuclear Capacity

India has accelerated its nuclear ambitions, confirming plans to commission at least five indigenous small modular reactors (SMRs) by 2033, with Tarapur in Maharashtra designated as the first site, according to a report by Reuters.

The initiative is backed by a ₹20,000 crore allocation under the Nuclear Energy Mission and aims to expand nuclear capacity to 100 GW by 2047, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

India has formally advanced its program for small modular reactors, targeting the commissioning of five units by 2033. The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre is leading the development of three designs: the 220 MW Bharat Small Modular Reactor, a 55 MW reactor, and a high‑temperature gas‑cooled reactor intended for hydrogen production.

These projects have received in‑principle approval from the Atomic Energy Commission, with Tarapur in Maharashtra selected as the site for both the 220 MW and 55 MW reactors.

The government has set ambitious nuclear expansion goals, aiming to raise installed capacity from the current 8.8 GW to 22 GW by 2031‑32. By 2047, the target is 100 GW, with small modular reactors expected to play a crucial role in this trajectory.

The Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited, the country’s sole nuclear operator, plans to contribute 50 GW, while NTPC, India’s largest coal‑based power producer, is preparing to add 30 GW of nuclear capacity. Private conglomerates such as Adani Group, Tata Power, and Reliance Industries have also expressed interest in investing in the sector, signalling a significant shift towards public‑private collaboration.

Globally, small modular reactors are being pursued by countries including the United States, Russia, and South Korea. They are seen as a viable option for clean energy supply to industries, particularly where decentralised and captive power generation is required. India’s approach benefits from indigenous design capabilities and domestic manufacturing capacity.

Advanced materials such as the “Advanced Purified Reactor Vessel Alloy” have already been developed locally, and critical components like control rod drive mechanisms have been engineered in‑house. This ensures that the majority of equipment can be produced by Indian industries with technical support from BARC.

The financial outlay for these projects is substantial. The BSMR‑200 is estimated at ₹5,960 crore, while two SMR‑55 units are budgeted at ₹7,000 crore. The high‑temperature gas‑cooled reactor, designed for hydrogen generation, carries a cost of ₹320 crore.

Additional allocations cover civil infrastructure and new reactor design work. These investments reflect the government’s commitment to diversifying the energy mix and positioning nuclear power as a cornerstone of India’s clean energy transition.

The roadmap also envisages 32 GW of additional nuclear capacity beyond 2032, primarily through indigenous Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors and Light Water Reactors. By 2047, NPCIL is expected to deliver 54 GW, with the remaining 46 GW contributed by other public sector enterprises, state governments, private firms, and joint ventures. This diversified model underscores the importance of SMRs as both demonstration projects and scalable solutions for industrial and grid‑level deployment.

India’s nuclear expansion is not only about electricity generation but also about strategic energy security.

The inclusion of hydrogen‑producing reactors highlights the alignment with broader decarbonisation goals, particularly in sectors such as steel and chemicals. The modular approach is expected to shorten construction timelines, reduce costs, and enable replication across multiple sites, thereby accelerating deployment.

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Rolls-Royce Reboots Bid For India’s Fifth-Gen Fighter Engine

Rolls-Royce has formally proposed establishing a major aero gas turbine complex in India with full technology transfer, a move that could directly support the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) program.

Alongside this, the company is exploring a civil aviation Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) facility, investments that could bring billions of dollars and create over 10,000 jobs.

Rolls-Royce has pitched the creation of a significant aero gas turbine complex in India, backed by the UK government. The facility would initially focus on military aircraft engines, particularly those required for India’s ambitious AMCA fifth-generation fighter program

 The proposal includes complete transfer of technology, ensuring India’s sovereignty over intellectual property and strengthening its indigenous propulsion capabilities. According to the company, ground trials for the AMCA engine could begin by 2032, with the first flight targeted around 2034.

The complex is designed to evolve beyond military applications. Over time, it could expand to dual-use and civil aviation engines, thereby broadening India’s aerospace ecosystem. This aligns with India’s strategic push to reduce dependence on imported propulsion systems and establish itself as a global hub for advanced aerospace manufacturing.

In parallel, Rolls-Royce is exploring the establishment of a civil aviation MRO facility in India. At present, Indian commercial aircraft engines are serviced at overseas centres in Singapore and Hong Kong.

With Air India and IndiGo placing firm orders for more than 100 Airbus A350 aircraft powered exclusively by Rolls-Royce engines, the demand for local engine support services is expected to rise sharply. The company already has around 100 civil aviation engines operating in India across business jets and commercial aircraft, making a domestic MRO centre both timely and strategically important.

Beyond aerospace, Rolls-Royce is also evaluating opportunities in India’s civil nuclear energy sector. Following the enactment of the Shanti Act in 2025, which opened the nuclear sector to private participation, the company is considering the deployment of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs).

These reactors are seen as a promising low-carbon energy solution that could contribute significantly to India’s clean energy transition and long-term energy security.

Rolls-Royce already operates across multiple sectors in India, including civil and defence aerospace, power systems, naval and land defence. It has joint ventures with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and Force Motors, and has expanded its aerospace manufacturing capabilities through its Hosur facility in Tamil Nadu, which produces critical jet engine components for global programs.

The company has indicated that India is emerging as its next “home market” alongside the UK, US, and Germany, reflecting the scale of its ambitions in the country.

If these proposals materialise, Rolls-Royce expects to invest billions of dollars and create more than 10,000 jobs in India. The initiatives are expected to strengthen India’s position as a global hub for advanced manufacturing, aerospace engineering, and clean energy technologies, while directly supporting indigenous defence programs such as the AMCA.

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Bharat Small Reactors Could Be Modularised Within Two Years With Private Sector Partnership, Says Tata Consulting Engineers

TATA Consulting Engineers (TCE), established in 1962, has long played a pivotal role in India’s civil nuclear program, maintaining a close relationship with the Department of Atomic Energy, reported ET Infra.

The company is now focusing on the development of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), with its Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Amit Sharma, emphasising that India has a unique opportunity to modularise its proven 220 MW Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) technology into Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs) within just two years.

Sharma explained that while Western nations are pursuing fully modular SMRs, which remain largely in the design phase and could take up to a decade to materialise, India’s approach is more pragmatic. By upgrading and modularising the existing 220 MW PHWR design, India can achieve a standardised modular reactor far more quickly.

TCE has already conducted a proof of concept, identifying four to six systems within the PHWR design that can be modularised, paving the way for a fully modular BSR in a short timeframe.

BSRs, based on the PHWR technology, benefit from a proven safety and performance record. They are being upgraded to reduce land requirements, making them suitable for deployment near industries such as steel, aluminium, and metals, where they can serve as captive power plants to support decarbonisation.

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is currently leading the design, development, and establishment of SMRs in India, ensuring that the initiative remains firmly rooted in indigenous expertise.

Sharma highlighted the importance of relying on certified and proven technology. According to international law, as outlined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a reactor must first be certified and operational in its home country before it can be exported. This gives India a competitive edge, as Western nations are still years away from deploying SMRs. By leveraging the PHWR design, India can accelerate adoption and position itself as a leader in nuclear energy.

Cost competitiveness is another major advantage of the BSR approach. Sharma noted that globally, SMRs are still at the drawing board stage, with the first true SMRs expected only by 2030. Their cost is projected to be no less than $5 million per megawatt, often ranging between $8 million and $20 million per megawatt.

In contrast, India’s indigenised nuclear technology, developed by NPCIL, DAE, and BARC, achieves capital costs between $0.7 million and $1.4 million per megawatt, making it far more affordable and sustainable. This cost advantage, combined with indigenous development, strengthens national security and energy independence.

Sharma stressed that SMRs must coexist with large reactors rather than replace them. India will continue to need 1,000 MW reactors, 700 MW PHWRs, and large reactors from international partners such as Russia’s ROSATOM, Westinghouse, and EDF.

However, SMRs will play a crucial role in meeting emerging needs, particularly for data centres, captive industrial use, and retrofitting retiring thermal power plants. The concept of thermal power retro-fitment with SMRs, already being explored in the United States, could be a transformative solution for India as well.

Beyond SMRs, microreactors are also gaining attention. These very small reactors, generating up to 10 MW, are under development in the USA and Canada, while IIT-Madras is working on similar concepts in India.

According to a joint report by TCE and NITI Aayog, microreactors could serve niche applications such as powering microgrids, supporting remote off-grid areas, restoring power after natural disasters, and enabling seawater desalination.

TCE, with a team of around 700 nuclear design and engineering specialists and nearly six decades of experience in the nuclear domain, is well positioned to drive India’s next phase of nuclear innovation. 

By combining proven PHWR technology with modularisation and private sector partnerships, the company believes Bharat Small Reactors can be deployed within two years, offering India a cost-effective, indigenous, and scalable solution to meet its growing energy needs while advancing decarbonisation goals.

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Tarapur Unit-2 Restart Cleared By Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Strengthening India’s Nuclear Roadmap

India’s Atomic Energy Regulatory Board has formally approved the restart of Unit 2 at the Tarapur Atomic Power Station in Maharashtra’s Palghar district, granting it operational clearance for another decade.

This decision follows a multi-tiered safety review and technical assessment after extensive refurbishment and upgrades carried out by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited.

The regulator will continue to maintain oversight and monitor the safety performance of both Units 1 and 2 at the site, ensuring compliance with prescribed standards.

Tarapur’s Units 1 and 2 are 160 MWe boiling water reactors commissioned in 1969, marking Asia’s first nuclear power plants. Unit 1 underwent similar refurbishment for a ten-year operating extension and was successfully restarted in December 2025.

The refurbishment program included the replacement of reactor coolant recirculation piping with advanced corrosion-resistant forged stainless-steel components, a measure designed to enhance long-term reliability and reduce maintenance challenges.

Safety enhancements were also introduced, notably the commissioning of the Reactor Containment Filtered Venting System and the Alternate Cooling Water System, both of which strengthen emergency readiness.

Inspections of reactor pressure vessel welds confirmed the unit’s fitness for continued safe operation under normal maintenance regimes, providing assurance of structural integrity and operational resilience.

The life extension of Tarapur underscores the strategic role of legacy reactors in maintaining baseload, low-carbon electricity while India simultaneously develops advanced nuclear technologies.

This decision aligns with India’s long-term target of achieving 100 GW of nuclear capacity by 2047, a goal being pursued through parallel efforts in small modular reactors and greater private sector participation in the nuclear domain.

Tarapur also hosts two additional units, Units 3 and 4, which are 540 MWe Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors commissioned in 2005 and 2006. The site is slated for further evolution, with India proposing Tarapur as the rollout location for its first two domestic light water small modular reactors.

These include the Bharat Small Modular Reactor (BSMR-200), a 200 MWe commercial-scale reactor, and the SMR-55, a 55 MWe installation engineered for niche, targeted utility roles. Together, these developments position Tarapur as both a legacy stronghold and a future testbed for India’s nuclear innovation.

The restart of Unit 2 not only reinforces India’s commitment to reliable, clean, and self-reliant energy but also highlights the balance between sustaining older reactors and advancing new-generation nuclear technologies.

It reflects a pragmatic approach to energy security, combining refurbishment of proven assets with the introduction of cutting-edge designs that will shape the country’s nuclear future.

Nuclear Engineering

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TATA Power Accelerates Nuclear Drive With Two 220 MW SMR Projects And Strong Q4 Earnings

TATA Power has accelerated its nuclear ambitions by preparing detailed project reports for two 220 MW small modular reactor projects, engaging with NPCIL and three states, and expects approvals and feasibility clearances within six months, according to a report by Economic Times.

The company’s Q4 FY2025-26 results showed an 8 per cent rise in consolidated net profit, aided by reduced fuel costs and overall expenditure.

TATA Power is actively pursuing nuclear energy expansion through small modular reactors (SMRs), each with a planned capacity of 220 megawatts. The company is currently preparing feasibility studies and detailed project reports, which are expected to be finalised within six months.

These reports will form the basis for regulatory approvals and site clearances. Discussions are ongoing with three states to secure permissions for water and soil testing, which are critical prerequisites for nuclear project development.

The company is also coordinating with the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), reflecting the importance of collaboration with established state-owned nuclear institutions.

Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director Praveer Sinha confirmed during a post-earnings call that TATA Power is working on feasibility reports and DPRs, with the expectation of completing them in the next six months.

He emphasised that the company is committed to advancing nuclear power projects, which align with India’s broader energy security and clean energy transition goals. The engagement with NPCIL highlights TATA Power’s strategy of leveraging institutional expertise while exploring private sector participation in nuclear energy.

Small Modular Reactors offer several advantages compared to traditional large-scale nuclear plants. They require lower upfront capital investment, can be assembled more quickly due to modular construction, and have reduced fuel requirements.

SMRs typically need refuelling only every three to seven years, enhancing operational efficiency. Their passive safety systems allow automatic shutdown without manual intervention, significantly improving safety standards.

Furthermore, SMRs are versatile, suitable for deployment in remote areas, and can augment existing power plant capacity, making them an attractive option for India’s growing energy demand.

India’s nuclear capacity currently stands at under 9 GW, with plans to expand to around 22 GW by 2031-32. Globally, India’s nuclear capacity is modest compared to countries such as the United States, France, and China, which operate far larger fleets of reactors.

However, India’s recent reforms, including amendments to the Atomic Energy Act, have opened the sector to private and foreign investment, creating opportunities for companies like TATA Power to participate in nuclear power generation. These reforms are expected to streamline licensing, fuel sourcing, and approval processes, thereby reducing barriers to entry for private firms.

In addition to nuclear expansion, TATA Power reported strong financial performance in the March quarter of FY2025-26. Consolidated net profit rose by over 8 per cent to ₹1,415.52 crore, compared to ₹1,306.09 crore in the same quarter of the previous year.

Total income declined to ₹15,455.48 crore from ₹17,446.95 crore, but the company managed to reduce overall expenses to ₹14,876.50 crore from ₹16,179.77 crore. A significant reduction in fuel costs, from ₹3,720.35 crore to ₹1,336.29 crore, contributed to the improved profitability. The company also noted limited curtailment issues at two locations, though details on capacity or location were not disclosed.

TATA Power’s nuclear push represents a strategic diversification of its energy portfolio, complementing its established presence in renewables and conventional power.

By pursuing SMRs, the company is positioning itself at the forefront of India’s nuclear modernisation, which is expected to play a vital role in achieving long-term energy security and meeting clean energy targets.

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US Companies Pushes Small Modular Reactors To Cut Costs and Boost Nuclear Flexibility

Several companies in the United States are advancing the development of small modular reactors as a new approach to nuclear energy. The aim is to reduce capital costs and improve flexibility in deployment, according to a report by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

The report noted that the United States currently operates about 98 gigawatts of nuclear generating capacity, but very little new capacity has been added in recent decades due to high capital costs and lengthy licensing processes. Small modular reactors are being seen as a solution to these challenges.

Unlike traditional large-scale nuclear reactors, which typically have a capacity between 550 megawatts and 1,500 megawatts per unit, small modular reactors have a capacity of about 300 megawatts per unit or less.

Their modular design allows components to be factory-assembled and shipped to construction sites, which could help reduce construction time and costs. The U.S. Energy Information Administration stated that several companies are developing new designs aimed at reducing capital costs and increasing siting flexibility, addressing challenges associated with traditional nuclear power.

Different small modular reactor designs employ a variety of cooling technologies, including light water, gas, liquid metal and molten salt. Some designs use high-assay low-enriched uranium, enriched between 5 per cent and under 20 per cent uranium-235, compared to the lower enrichment used in current reactors.

This allows for improved efficiency, smaller reactor size and reduced nuclear waste. A subset of small modular reactors, known as microreactors, generally have a capacity of 20 megawatts or less and can operate independently or as part of a microgrid. These smaller systems are particularly useful for remote areas or locations that lack the infrastructure to support large nuclear plants.

The report highlighted that small modular reactors and microreactors can also support emerging applications such as powering artificial intelligence systems, data centres and other industrial activities where grid connectivity may not be required.

It also detailed advanced reactor types such as high-temperature gas reactors, molten salt reactors and sodium-cooled reactors, which can operate at higher temperatures and offer potential improvements in efficiency and industrial use.

Government support for small modular reactor development in the United States has been increasing. In March 2025, the Department of Energy reissued a tender for USD 900 million in funding to promote these technologies.

The Department also launched the Energy Reactor Pilot Program in June 2025 to accelerate testing of advanced reactors. The report suggests that small modular reactors and microreactors could play a key role in the future of nuclear energy by offering more flexible, cost-effective and scalable solutions compared to traditional nuclear power plants.

ANI

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India To Launch Bids For Bharat Small Modular Reactor, Setting Template For Future Nuclear Projects

India is preparing to invite bids within the next three to six months for the construction of a 220 MWe Bharat Small Modular Reactor (BSMR-200).

This project is being jointly developed by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), marking a significant step in the country’s nuclear energy ambitions.

The BSMR-200 is designed to serve as a standard model for future reactors, providing a template that can be replicated across different sites to accelerate India’s nuclear expansion. Its modular nature is expected to enhance efficiency, safety, and scalability, aligning with global trends in advanced nuclear technology.

Once approvals are secured, the construction timeline is projected to be approximately five to six years. This schedule reflects both the complexity of nuclear infrastructure and the emphasis on rigorous safety and regulatory standards. The project is intended not only to meet India’s growing energy demands but also to strengthen its self-reliance in nuclear technology.

By positioning the BSMR-200 as a benchmark for future developments, India is signalling its intent to establish a new generation of reactors that can be deployed more rapidly and cost-effectively. This initiative underscores the strategic role of nuclear power in India’s long-term energy security and clean energy transition.

IDN (With Agency Inputs)

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Nuclear Energy Mission: ₹20,000 Crore Boost For India's Indigenous SMR Trio And 100 GW Target By 2047

The Indian government has earmarked ₹20,000 crore under the Nuclear Energy Mission, unveiled in the Union Budget 2025–26, to advance the research, design, development, and deployment of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), according to GOI's Press Information Bureau press release.

This substantial funding underscores New Delhi's commitment to bolstering nuclear capabilities amid growing energy demands.

Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances, and Pensions, Jitendra Singh, shared these details in the Rajya Sabha. He highlighted that the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) is spearheading the development of three indigenous SMR technologies.

These innovations include the 220 MWe Bharat Small Modular Reactor (BSMR-200), the 55 MWe Small Modular Reactor (SMR-55), and a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor with up to 5 MWth capacity, tailored for hydrogen generation.

Lead units for these reactors will be established at DAE sites to demonstrate the technologies in real-world conditions. This approach allows for testing and refinement before wider rollout.

The BSMR-200 and SMR-55 projects have secured in-principle approval. Meanwhile, the proposal for administrative and financial sanction for the BSMR-200 has been cleared by the Atomic Energy Commission and is now headed to the Union Cabinet.

For the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, a Detailed Project Report (DPR) stands ready. Siting consent and terms of reference for environmental clearance have also been obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change.

India has already mastered several critical technologies for SMR deployment domestically. A standout achievement is the Advanced Purified Reactor Vessel Alloy (ApuRVA), developed for reactor pressure vessels in partnership with Indian industry.

The control rod drive mechanism has been engineered in-house, showcasing self-reliance. Most equipment for these reactors aligns with the manufacturing prowess of Indian firms, bolstered by technical expertise from the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC).

The BSMR is a collaborative effort between BARC and the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL). Construction is projected to span 60 to 72 months post-approval, positioning it as a cornerstone of future nuclear infrastructure.

This initiative forms part of a broader roadmap to attain 100 gigawatts (GW) of nuclear power capacity by 2047. India's current installed capacity hovers at 8.78 GW, excluding the Rajasthan Atomic Power Station-I.

Ongoing projects are set to elevate this to approximately 22 GW by 2031–32. From 2032 onwards, NPCIL aims to contribute another 32 GW via indigenous Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors and Light Water Reactors, pushing the total to around 54 GW.

The remaining 46 GW will emerge through diverse models involving public sector enterprises, state governments, private players, and joint ventures. This multi-stakeholder strategy leverages various technologies to accelerate growth.

SMRs offer distinct advantages over traditional large reactors, including modular construction for faster deployment and scalability. Their smaller footprint suits remote or industrial sites, aligning with India's decentralised energy needs.

The focus on hydrogen generation via high-temperature reactors signals integration with green hydrogen ambitions. This could revolutionise sectors like steelmaking and transport, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

Indigenous development mitigates supply chain risks and curbs import dependence, a key tenet of the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative. Collaborations with domestic industry also spur job creation and technological know-how.

US, China, and Russia lead SMR advancements, but India's thrust positions it as an emerging player. Export potential for BSMR technology could boost defence and energy diplomacy.

The ₹20,000 crore allocation reflects strategic foresight amid climate goals and energy security imperatives. By 2047, this could transform India into a nuclear powerhouse, powering sustainable development.

PIB

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India's SMR Push: ₹20,000 Crore Investment Advances Amid Key Site Selections And Approvals

India's nuclear ambitions have received a significant boost through the Union Budget 2025–26, which introduced the Nuclear Energy Mission with a substantial allocation of ₹20,000 crore dedicated to the research, design, development, and deployment of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs).

This initiative underscores the government's commitment to advancing indigenous nuclear technology as part of broader energy security and clean power goals.

India's ambitious Nuclear Energy Mission, unveiled in the Union Budget 2025–26, has allocated a substantial ₹20,000 crore for the research, design, development, and deployment of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs).

This initiative underscores the government's commitment to advancing indigenous nuclear technologies amid growing energy demands and the push for clean power sources.

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) leads the effort with three key SMR projects: the 220 MWe Bharat Small Modular Reactor (BSMR-200), the 55 MWe Small Modular Reactor (SMR-55), and a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGCR) with up to 5 MWth capacity, primarily aimed at hydrogen generation. These reactors represent a strategic shift towards modular, scalable nuclear solutions that promise enhanced safety and flexibility compared to traditional large-scale plants.

Reactor	Cost (₹ Crores)
Development and Construction of BSMR-200	5,960
Development and Construction of SMR-55 (2 units)	7,000
Design and construction of High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGCR)	320
Design, engineering & development works for new reactors	800
Civil and General Infrastructure Development for reactors complex	452

The lead units of these SMRs will be established at Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) sites for technology demonstration, ensuring controlled prototyping before wider deployment. This approach minimises risks and allows for iterative improvements based on real-world performance data.

BARC's estimated utilisation of the allocated funds provides a clear breakdown of priorities. For the BSMR-200, ₹5,960 crore is earmarked for development and construction. The SMR-55 project, covering two units, commands the largest share at ₹7,000 crore, reflecting its potential for near-term scalability.

Additional allocations include ₹320 crore for the design and construction of the HTGCR, ₹800 crore for design, engineering, and development works on new reactors, and ₹452 crore for civil and general infrastructure at the reactors' complex. These investments highlight a balanced focus on innovation, construction, and supporting facilities.

Progress on the BSMR-200 is advancing steadily, with in-principle approval from the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). The proposal for administrative and financial sanction has been cleared for submission to the Cabinet Committee, marking a critical step towards full authorisation.

The SMR-55 has similarly secured in-principle approval, positioning it for detailed engineering phases. Meanwhile, the HTGCR boasts a completed Detailed Project Report (DPR), siting consent, and Terms of Reference (ToR) from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) for environmental clearances, indicating robust preparatory work.

Construction of the lead units will occur at existing DAE sites, leveraging established infrastructure to expedite timelines. Tarapur Atomic Power Station in Maharashtra has been selected for the BSMR-200 and SMR-55 units, benefiting from its proven nuclear ecosystem and logistical advantages.

The Vizag site of BARC in Andhra Pradesh will host the HTGCR, chosen for its suitability in high-temperature applications like hydrogen production, which aligns with India's green hydrogen ambitions under broader national strategies.

Public sector undertakings such as Engineers India Limited and Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited (BHEL) have been engaged for detailed engineering, fostering collaboration between research bodies and industrial heavyweights. This partnership aims to harness manufacturing expertise for precise SMR fabrication.

Notably, the BSMR is a joint endeavour between BARC and Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), blending research prowess with operational know-how. The estimated construction timeline for BSMR stands at 60 to 72 months from administrative and financial approval, a reasonable horizon for such advanced projects.

At present, the Department of Atomic Energy has received no external proposals for SMR initiatives beyond these in-house developments, allowing focused execution under government oversight. This insulates the programme from competing priorities while maximising budgetary efficiency.

Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences, and Minister of State in the Prime Minister’s Office, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Atomic Energy and Space, shared these details in a written reply to the Lok Sabha on 11 March 2026. His disclosure reaffirms the government's transparency in parliamentary proceedings.

These SMR developments position India at the forefront of global nuclear innovation, particularly in modular technologies that could exportable to emerging markets. With sites finalised and approvals progressing, the programme is poised for tangible milestones in the coming years.

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India's Thorium-Powered Nuclear Ambition: 100 GW By 2047

India stands poised to harness its dominant 25% share of global thorium reserves, transforming this abundant resource into a cornerstone of its energy future. With a target of 100 GW nuclear power capacity by 2047, the nation aims to secure energy independence and a low-carbon electricity grid. This ambitious strategy pivots on a unique three-stage nuclear program, leveraging thorium in advanced reactors to overcome uranium scarcity.

At the heart of this vision lies India's three-stage nuclear program, meticulously designed to transition from limited domestic uranium supplies to the vast thorium deposits nestled in monazite sands along its coasts. Stage one relies on pressurised heavy water reactors (PHWRs) fuelled by natural uranium, producing plutonium as a byproduct. Stage two employs fast breeder reactors (FBRs) that use this plutonium to breed uranium-233 from thorium, multiplying fuel efficiency.

Stage three represents the pinnacle, deploying advanced heavy water reactors (AHWRs) optimised for thorium-uranium-233 cycles. These reactors promise higher efficiency and inherent safety features, such as passive cooling systems that minimise meltdown risks. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) leads this charge, positioning India as a global frontrunner in thorium-based nuclear technology.

The scale of the target underscores its transformative potential. Current nuclear capacity hovers around 9 GW, but plans call for expansion to 100 GW by India's centenary of independence in 2047. This would meet approximately 10% of projected energy demand, slashing reliance on coal and curbing emissions in a nation where fossil fuels dominate.

A key pillar involves 54 GW from new plants spearheaded by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL). These include large-scale PHWRs and light water reactors (LWRs) fuelled by imported uranium. Complementing them are small modular reactors (SMRs), offering flexibility for deployment in diverse settings.

BARC's Bharat Small Modular Reactors (BSMR-200), rated at 200 MWe, and smaller 55 MWe variants target industrial hubs, off-grid communities, and remote regions. Factory-assembled for quicker deployment, SMRs reduce construction timelines and costs compared to gigawatt-scale behemoths. Their modular design also enhances scalability, allowing incremental capacity additions.

Implementation draws robust governmental backing, evidenced by a 170% surge in nuclear budgets since 2014. NPCIL oversees fleet expansion, while public-private partnerships accelerate SMR commercialisation. Recent missions, such as the 2024 Nuclear Energy Mission, signal accelerated timelines, with prototype AHWRs slated for testing by decade's end.

Thorium's appeal stems from its abundance—India holds over 846,000 tonnes, dwarfing global uranium endowments—and superior safety profile. Unlike uranium-plutonium fuels prone to weapons proliferation, thorium cycles yield minimal long-lived waste and resist diversion for military use. This aligns seamlessly with India's non-proliferation commitments under the Nuclear Suppliers Group waiver.

Yet, challenges abound. High upfront capital costs for reactor construction deter investors, compounded by gestation periods spanning a decade or more. Heavy water production, vital for PHWRs and AHWRs, demands massive scaling—current output suffices for 10 GW but falls short for 100 GW ambitions.

Regulatory hurdles persist, including stringent safety norms post-Fukushima and public apprehensions over radiation risks. Land acquisition for coastal sites, prone to seismic activity, adds friction. Fuel fabrication for thorium cycles remains nascent, with BARC's pilot facilities yet to achieve industrial scale.

To bridge immediate gaps, India imports uranium from allies like Russia, Kazakhstan, and Canada, fuelling 14 operational reactors and seven under construction. This pragmatic blend sustains growth while thorium infrastructure matures. Innovations in fuel reprocessing and waste management further bolster viability.

Strategic imperatives amplify urgency. As climate pledges under the Paris Agreement intensify, nuclear power offers dispatchable baseload energy sans intermittency plaguing renewables. Thorium mastery could position India as an exporter of SMR technology, fostering energy diplomacy in the Global South.

Global precedents inspire confidence. China's thorium molten salt reactor trials and shipping's flirtation with nuclear propulsion echo India's path. Domestically, indigenous manufacturing—encompassing forgings, steam generators, and control systems—curbs import dependence, echoing successes in missiles and space.

Progress milestones include the Kakrapar-1 reactor's restart on imported fuel and Kalpakkam's Prototype FBR nearing criticality. By 2030, officials project 22 GW operational, ramping to 100 GW via phased SMR rollouts and AHWR fleets.

Economic multipliers beckon: each GW installed could generate thousands of high-skill jobs, from engineers to fabricators, while slashing power tariffs long-term. A low-carbon grid fortified by thorium would supercharge electrification, powering electric vehicles and data centres.

Critics highlight financing voids—trillions of rupees needed amid fiscal strains—and uranium import vulnerabilities amid geopolitical flux. Yet, green bonds, international financing from bodies like the IAEA, and risk-sharing models offer pathways.

India's nuclear odyssey, born from Homi Bhabha's vision, now converges with Atmanirbhar Bharat. By wedding geological bounty to engineering prowess, the nation charts a course toward sustainable superpower status. Success here could redefine global energy paradigms, proving thorium's viability beyond laboratory confines.

IDN (With Agency Inputs)

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India-Canada Forge Nuclear and Minerals Alliance Amid Global Energy Shifts, Eyeing 100 GW Target by 2030

Canada's CANDU (CANada Deuterium Uranium) reactor complex in New Brunswick province

India and Canada are intensifying their strategic partnership in critical minerals and clean energy, as highlighted during Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney's official visit to New Delhi.

The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) briefing underscored Canada's pledge to serve as a reliable and stable partner for India, with Carney emphasising this commitment at least three times in discussions with Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Secretary (East) P Kumaran detailed the focus on clean energy cooperation, encompassing nuclear fuel supplies, small modular reactors (SMRs), and advanced conventional reactors. Both nations expressed a broad commitment to collaborate across the entire reactor value chain, marking a significant step in bilateral ties.

Prime Minister Modi outlined an ambitious target of achieving 100 gigawatts (GW) of nuclear power capacity by 2030, with a longer-term goal by 2047. This aggressive scale-up aligns with India's energy security needs amid global geopolitical turbulence, including trade tensions with the United States and instability in the Middle East.

Canada views India as a key partner for diversifying its resource exports, particularly as it faces 15 per cent tariffs from the US. For India, partnering with Canada helps reduce reliance on Persian Gulf energy sources, enhancing national security through stable, alternative supplies.

India's current nuclear installed capacity stands at approximately 8.8 GW, necessitating a massive expansion to meet the 100 GW target. Bridging this gap demands unwavering fuel supplies, which Canada is addressing through Cameco Corp.'s landmark $2.6 billion deal for uranium concentrate over nine years, from 2027 to 2035.

Unlike prior agreements limited to raw materials, this 2026 pact covers the full nuclear technology lifecycle. Leaders committed to joint development and deployment of SMRs, positioned as the future of power grids for replacing ageing coal plants and enabling decentralised energy generation.

Collaboration extends to heavy-water reactor technologies, evolving from original CANDU designs. Beyond uranium, a new Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on critical minerals secures supply chains for lithium, cobalt, and rare earths, vital for India's electric vehicle (EV) and semiconductor ambitions.

Progress on the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) advanced with agreement on terms of reference, paving the way for detailed discussions targeting completion by the end of 2026. This framework aims to boost bilateral trade amid shifting global dynamics.

Canadian pension funds have invested substantially in India, surpassing $107 billion, with 30 per cent of their Asia-Pacific portfolio allocated here. These funds—spanning provincial, federal, and employee categories—recognise India's sustained growth and future potential.

Canada urged India to extend investment benefits currently offered to sovereign wealth funds to pension funds, enhancing competitiveness against regional financial centres. Prime Minister Modi assured he would review this with domestic teams.

The partnership reflects mutual strategic interests: Canada's pivot from traditional markets and India's drive for self-reliance in energy and minerals. Amid escalating Israel-Iran tensions and US trade frictions, this alliance promises fuel security and technological advancement for both.

ANI

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India's SMR Push: BARC's Blueprint For Modular Nuclear Power By 2033

India's pursuit of clean, low-carbon energy through Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) marks a significant stride in its nuclear ambitions. The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) has embarked on the design, development, and establishment of SMRs tailored for deployment as captive power plants in energy-intensive sectors.

These reactors aim to repurpose retiring fossil fuel-based power plants and serve remote locations lacking grid connectivity. Under the Nuclear Energy Mission, dedicated funds support the research and development of indigenous SMRs, with a target deployment by 2033.

The Department of Atomic Energy has recently launched the design and development of two key SMR variants. The 220 MWe Bharat Small Modular Reactor (BSMR-200) stands as a flagship project, with its lead unit proposed for the Tarapur Atomic Power Station site in Maharashtra.

Complementing this is the 55 MWe Small Modular Reactor (SMR-55), also slated for a lead unit at Tarapur. These initiatives underscore BARC's focus on scalable nuclear solutions for diverse applications.

Additionally, a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor with up to 5 MWth capacity enters the fray, specifically planned for hydrogen generation. This unit is set to be constructed at BARC's facility in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, broadening nuclear technology's role beyond electricity.

The Government of India has allocated substantial funds under the Nuclear Energy Mission for the research, design, development, and eventual deployment of SMRs. BARC, in response, prioritises the construction of lead units at Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) sites to demonstrate technological viability.

The tentative cost for the demonstration unit of the BSMR-200 reactor hovers around ₹27 crore per MWe. Following successful demonstration, costs are expected to decline through design standardisation and economies of scale.

Robust regulatory oversight ensures safety across all nuclear endeavours. The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), constituted by statutory order (S.O. 4772) under Section 27 of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962, enforces safety and regulatory provisions under Sections 16, 17, and 18.

AERB holds responsibility for the safety regulation of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) via comprehensive processes including licensing, consenting, safety reviews, and periodic inspections. It establishes safety codes, standards, and guides while enforcing stringent requirements.

These standards incorporate International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) benchmarks and global best practices. India's diverse NPP designs—from construction to operation—comply fully with AERB mandates.

AERB conducts meticulous safety reviews at every stage: siting, construction, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning. Post-satisfactory reviews, it issues operational licences valid for up to five years.

During the licence period, AERB monitors safety performance through ongoing reviews and inspections. All plants must undergo a Periodic Safety Review (PSR) every ten years, assessing ageing effects, modifications, operational experience, and alignment with contemporary safety norms.

PSRs identify necessary upgrades, which operators implement promptly. This rigorous framework maintains high safety standards throughout a plant's lifecycle.

AERB's requirements for NPP licensing remain largely technology-neutral, accommodating innovation. For advanced reactors like SMRs, the existing framework applies broadly, with reviews needed only for technology-specific aspects upon submission of site and design details.

AERB actively engages in international forums to track SMR regulatory evolution, adopting suitable enhancements as required. This proactive stance positions India to integrate SMRs seamlessly into its energy matrix.

These developments, articulated by Minister of State for the Prime Minister’s Office Dr. Jitendra Singh in the Lok Sabha on 4 February 2026, signal India's commitment to sustainable nuclear power.

PIB Press Release

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Unlocking Nuclear Horizons: SHANTI Act Ushers In Private Sector Era

India has enacted the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India Act, 2025, known as the SHANTI Act.

This legislation replaces the Atomic Energy Act, 1962, and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010. It forms a cornerstone of the nation's strategy for energy independence, net-zero emissions by 2070, and scaling nuclear capacity to 100 gigawatts by 2047.

A pivotal reform in the SHANTI Act involves cautiously permitting private entities to enter the nuclear sector. This aligns with the National Nuclear Mission outlined in the Union Budget 2025–26. The mission prioritises Bharat Small Reactors and Bharat Small Modular Reactors, envisioning a major role for private firms in power generation.

Under the SHANTI Act, licences are now mandatory for a wide array of nuclear activities. These include constructing, owning, operating, or decommissioning nuclear power plants and reactors. They also cover fabricating and processing nuclear fuel, such as uranium enrichment up to specified limits.

Licences extend to transporting, storing, importing, exporting, acquiring, or possessing nuclear fuel, spent fuel, or other designated substances. Importing or exporting prescribed equipment, technology, or software for nuclear purposes requires approval too. The Central Government can designate additional activities needing licences.

Eligible applicants span a broad spectrum. Government departments, state-owned bodies, government companies, private firms, joint ventures, and others explicitly permitted by the Central Government may apply. This marks a departure from prior constraints.

The Atomic Energy Act, 1962, barred licences for atomic energy plants or research to anyone outside Central Government entities or approved government companies. This effectively side-lined private participation in nuclear generation. The SHANTI Act lifts these barriers substantially.

However, the Act retains Central Government monopoly over sensitive areas. Enrichment or isotopic separation of radioactive substances remains exclusive, unless notified otherwise. Spent fuel management—including reprocessing, recycling, radionuclide separation, and high-level waste handling—is similarly reserved.

Mining uranium or thorium onshore or offshore, along with decommissioning such sites, is limited to the Government, government companies, or controlled corporations. These require licences and safety clearances. This framework balances openness with strategic safeguards.

Private involvement is thus encouraged in less sensitive nuclear value chain segments. Sovereign oversight persists for critical resources. This calibrated liberalisation supports India's energy goals without compromising security.

On nuclear liability, the SHANTI Act mirrors much of the CLND Act but introduces changes. It omits the CLND's strict, no-fault liability on operators. It also removes operators' right of recourse against suppliers for defects or substandard services.

Section 17(b) of the CLND Act had deterred international suppliers. It allowed recourse for patent or latent defects, diverging from norms under the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage. Suppliers faced unlimited liability risks, stalling projects.

By eliminating these provisions, the SHANTI Act fosters participation from private and foreign players. It aligns more closely with global standards, potentially unlocking investments in Indian nuclear infrastructure.

The Act further boosts indigenous innovation. The Central Government can now grant patents for inventions in peaceful nuclear energy and radiation uses. Exceptions apply to sensitive activities or those with national security implications, which vest with the Government.

Previously, the Atomic Energy Act prohibited all such patents outright. This stifled private research and development. The new provisions incentivise domestic R&D, spurring private innovation in the nuclear ecosystem.

The SHANTI Act heralds a transformative phase for India's civil nuclear landscape. It explicitly welcomes private sector entry. Yet, its success hinges on forthcoming rules, regulations, and policy tweaks.

Atomic energy remains a prohibited sector under foreign direct investment rules. Amending this will be essential. Consequential updates to allied laws must follow to realise the Act's ambitions fully.

Agencies

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Slovakia Based NUkler Proposes ₹6,000 Crores Small Modular Reactor Project In Telangana To Power State’s Net-Zero Drive

The proposal by NUkler Products to develop a Small Modular Reactor-based clean energy project in Telangana marks a potentially significant shift in India’s sub‑national energy transition strategy.

NUkler Products, a joint venture backed by Slovakia-based IQ Capital and India-based Green House Enviro, has submitted an Expression of Interest to the Telangana government for setting up an SMR facility with an installed capacity of up to 300 MW.

With a projected investment of around EUR 600 million, equivalent to roughly ₹6,000 crore, the project is positioned as a long-term, low-carbon baseload power solution rather than a short-term pilot.

The Expression of Interest was formally shared during a high-level interaction between NUkler’s leadership and the ‘Telangana Rising’ delegation led by Chief Minister A Revanth Reddy at Davos. Representing the Slovak–Indian joint venture were Jan Babic, Group Chairman of IQ Capital, Anil Kumar Bavissetty, Group CEO and Director of IQ Capital, and Molugu Sripal Reddy, CEO and Director of Green House Enviro.

Also present was Matus Gemes, the Honorary Consul of the Slovak Republic to the Principality of Liechtenstein, underlining the diplomatic and cross-border investment dimension of the proposal. The setting in Davos, on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum’s 2026 Annual Meeting, underscores the state government’s intent to pitch Telangana as a serious destination for advanced clean energy technologies.

From Telangana’s perspective, the overture aligns with its declared ambition to pursue a net-zero development pathway by 2047. Chief Minister Revanth Reddy reiterated that sustainability is a central pillar of the state’s growth model, and that his administration is open to novel clean energy architectures that complement existing renewable and conventional capacity.

By signalling political support at the chief ministerial level, Telangana is attempting to position itself ahead of other Indian states in attracting frontier nuclear and clean-tech investments.

The presence of Industries Minister D Sridhar Babu and Revenue Minister Ponguleti Srinivasa Reddy in the delegation further reflects that the proposal is being examined not merely as a technical pilot, but as a potential anchor investment with wider industrial and fiscal implications.

Small Modular Reactors are being promoted globally as a next-generation nuclear technology that can offer flexible, scalable and relatively safer nuclear power compared with traditional large reactors. With their lower unit capacity, modular design, and potential for factory fabrication, SMRs are seen as suitable for integration with industrial clusters, desalination plants, and green hydrogen production, in addition to grid-based electricity supply.

For a rapidly industrialising state like Telangana, a 300 MW SMR installation could provide round-the-clock, low-carbon baseload support to critical manufacturing zones, IT parks and large infrastructure projects, helping to stabilise a grid that is increasingly dependent on variable renewable energy.

If advanced to the project development stage, the SMR initiative could trigger a range of secondary benefits for Telangana. These may include localisation of certain components and services, opportunities for technology partnerships between European and Indian firms, and the creation of a skilled talent pool in nuclear engineering, safety, and operations.

The involvement of Green House Enviro as the Indian partner indicates an attempt to couple international nuclear technology with domestic environmental and project management capabilities. In parallel, Telangana could leverage such a flagship project in its investment promotion campaigns to signal its openness to complex, capital-intensive, and high-technology ventures in clean energy.

However, any SMR project in India will have to navigate a complex policy and regulatory landscape, including central government oversight, nuclear liability frameworks, and stringent safety approvals. While the Expression of Interest is a preliminary step that signals intent rather than commitment, it sets in motion a process of technical, financial and regulatory due diligence.

Key aspects that will need clarity include the specific SMR technology on offer, its level of international licensing and operational track record, fuel supply arrangements, waste management strategies, and the delineation of roles between the state government, the central government, and private or joint-venture entities.

The timing of the proposal at the World Economic Forum’s 2026 Annual Meeting, themed “A Spirit of Dialogue,” is also symbolically relevant. The project exemplifies the kind of cross-border collaboration that the WEF seeks to promote—linking European capital and technology with Indian market potential and decarbonisation needs.

For Slovakia, participation in such a project can strengthen its emerging profile in advanced nuclear and climate-friendly infrastructure investments. For India, and particularly Telangana, partnering on SMR development could reinforce narratives around innovation-led, low-carbon growth, especially if the project is structured to complement national targets on non-fossil electricity capacity and emissions intensity reduction.

If realised, the proposed EUR 600 million SMR-based clean energy project would stand out as one of the more ambitious state-level clean baseload power initiatives in India.

It would signal a willingness on the part of Telangana’s leadership to move beyond conventional renewables and legacy thermal plants, towards a more diversified, technology-rich energy mix.

Over the coming months, the seriousness of the proposal will be tested through detailed feasibility assessments, engagement with central nuclear authorities, and alignment with India’s broader nuclear policy regime.

Nonetheless, the submission of the Expression of Interest itself marks an important opening gambit in what could become a landmark public–private and international collaboration in India’s clean energy landscape.

Based On ANI Report

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India Set To Deploy 5 Plus Indigenous Small Modular Nuclear Reactors

India plans to deploy at least five indigenously designed and developed small modular reactors (SMRs) by 2033 as part of its ambitious Nuclear Energy Mission. This initiative underscores the nation's push towards self-reliance in nuclear technology, aligning with broader indigenisation goals in strategic sectors.

In a recent written reply to the Lok Sabha, Union Minister Jitendra Singh highlighted the progress made by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). The centre has already commenced design and development on key projects, including the 200 megawatt electrical (MWe) Bharat Small Modular Reactor (BSMR-200).

BARC is also advancing the 55 MWe Small Modular Reactor (SMR-55), tailored for smaller-scale applications. Additionally, efforts are underway on a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor with a capacity of up to 5 MW, primarily aimed at hydrogen generation to support emerging clean energy needs.

The government has allocated a substantial ₹20,000 crore in the 2025-26 budget specifically for research, design, development, and deployment of these SMRs. This funding reflects India's commitment to achieving its 2033 target while fostering technological innovation.

Currently, India's installed nuclear energy capacity stands at 8.78 gigawatts (GW). The long-term vision is to scale this up dramatically to 100 GW by 2047, marking a pivotal step in the country's energy security and net-zero ambitions.

Public sector undertakings under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) are projected to contribute 58-60 GW to this 100 GW goal. The remaining capacity will likely come from collaborations involving public and private sector entities, broadening the base for nuclear expansion.

The Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL) plays a central role in this roadmap. It is currently constructing four reactors totalling 4 GW in partnership with Russia, demonstrating sustained India-Russia cooperation in nuclear matters.

Looking ahead, NPCIL aims to add another 17.6 GW through further foreign collaborations. This will help the corporation reach approximately 54 GW by 2047, forming the backbone of India's nuclear fleet.

A notable development is the joint venture between National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) and NPCIL, named Anushakti Vidhyut Nigam Limited. This entity will focus on nuclear power generation and related activities, with the Mahi Banswara project already approved—comprising four units of 700 MW each.

India's operational nuclear infrastructure includes 24 power plants with a combined capacity of 8,780 MW. These facilities provide a stable base for the country's energy mix amid growing demand.

Construction is progressing on eight additional reactors totalling 6,600 MW, at various stages of commissioning. This pipeline ensures steady capacity addition in the near term.

Furthermore, pre-project activities are underway for 10 more reactors with 7,000 MW capacity. These efforts signal robust planning to meet escalating power requirements while prioritising safety and efficiency.

Small modular reactors represent a transformative shift in nuclear technology due to their compact size, scalability, and enhanced safety features. Unlike traditional large reactors, SMRs can be factory-assembled and deployed modularly, reducing construction timelines and costs.

The BSMR-200, for instance, targets mid-sized power needs, making it suitable for industrial hubs or remote regions. Its indigenous design minimises reliance on imports, bolstering India's strategic autonomy.

The SMR-55 offers even greater flexibility for distributed energy systems, potentially powering smaller grids or off-grid applications. This aligns with India's diverse geographical and economic landscape.

The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor for hydrogen production opens avenues in green hydrogen economy. By leveraging nuclear heat, it could decarbonise sectors like fertilisers, refining, and transportation, complementing solar and wind initiatives.

This nuclear push integrates with India's 'Make in India' ethos, particularly in high-tech domains. Successful SMR deployment could position India as an exporter of modular nuclear solutions, enhancing its global standing akin to advancements in defence and aerospace.

Challenges remain, including regulatory harmonisation, skilled workforce development, and waste management. Yet, the ₹20,000 crore infusion signals strong political will to overcome these hurdles.

By 2047, achieving 100 GW will require seamless public-private synergies and international tie-ups. NPCIL's roadmap, bolstered by ventures like Anushakti Vidhyut Nigam, lays a solid foundation.

India's SMR program not only addresses energy demands but also advances technological sovereignty. With BARC's innovations and robust funding, the 2033 milestone appears within reach, paving the way for a nuclear-powered future.

Based On TOI Report

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